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Interference (wave propagation)

About: Interference (wave propagation) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26086 publications have been published within this topic receiving 321110 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work illustrates patterns numerically and experimentally and explains the three-, four- and five-wave topologies with a phasor argument.
Abstract: When three or more plane waves overlap in space, complete destructive interference occurs on nodal lines, also called phase singularities or optical vortices. For super positions of three plane waves, the vortices are straight, parallel lines. For four plane waves the vortices form an array of closed or open loops. For five or more plane waves the loops are irregular. We illustrate these patterns numerically and experimentally and explain the three-, four- and five-wave topologies with a phasor argument.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work shows how a combination of nanofabrication and nano-imaging allows us to record the full two-dimensional build-up of quantum interference patterns in real time for phthalocyanine molecules and for derivatives of phthaloprotein molecules, which have masses of 514 AMU and 1,298 AMu respectively.
Abstract: The observation of interference patterns in double-slit experiments with massive particles is generally regarded as the ultimate demonstration of the quantum nature of these objects. Such matter–wave interference has been observed for electrons 1 , neutrons 2 ,a toms 3,4 and molecules 5–7 and, in contrast to classical physics, quantum interference can be observed when single particles arrive at the detector one by one. The build-up of such patterns in experiments with electrons has been described as the “most beautiful experiment in physics” 8–11 . Here, we show how a combination of nanofabrication and nano-imaging allows us to record the full two-dimensional build-up of quantum interference patterns in real time for phthalocyanine molecules and for derivatives of phthalocyanine molecules, which have masses of 514 AMU and 1,298 AMU respectively. A laser-controlled micro-evaporation source was used to produce a beam of molecules with the required intensity and coherence, and the gratings were machined in 10-nm-thick silicon nitride membranes to reduce the effect of van der Waals forces. Wide-field fluorescence microscopy detected the position of each molecule with an accuracy of 10 nm and revealed the build-up of a deterministic ensemble interference pattern from single molecules that arrived stochastically at the detector. In addition to providing this particularly clear demonstration of wave–particle duality, our approach could also be used to study larger molecules and explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics. When Richard Feynman described the double-slit experiment with electrons as being ‘at the heart of quantum physics’ 12 he was

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate robust, high-speed random number generation using interference of the steady-state emission of guaranteed random phases, obtained through gain-switching a semiconductor laser diode.
Abstract: We demonstrate robust, high-speed random number generation using interference of the steady-state emission of guaranteed random phases, obtained through gain-switching a semiconductor laser diode. Steady-state emission tolerates large temporal pulse misalignments and therefore significantly improves the interference quality. Using an 8-bit digitizer followed by a finite-impulse-response unbiasing algorithm, we achieve random number generation rates of 8 and 20 Gb/s, for laser repetition rates of 1 and 2.5 GHz, respectively, with a ±20% tolerance in the interferometer differential delay. We also report a generation rate of 80 Gb/s using partially phase-correlated short pulses. In relation to the field of quantum key distribution, our results confirm the gain-switched laser diode as a suitable light source, capable of providing phase-randomized coherent pulses at a clock rate of up to 2.5 GHz.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A key proof-of-principle demonstration of an externallycontrolled photonic quantum circuit based upon UV-written waveguide technology and non-classical interference of photon pairs in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer constructed with X couplers in an integrated optical circuit.
Abstract: Scalable photonic quantum technologies are based on multiple nested interferometers. To realize this architecture, integrated optical structures are needed to ensure stable, controllable, and repeatable operation. Here we show a key proof-of-principle demonstration of an externally-controlled photonic quantum circuit based upon UV-written waveguide technology. In particular, we present non-classical interference of photon pairs in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer constructed with X couplers in an integrated optical circuit with a thermo-optic phase shifter in one of the interferometer arms.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid configuration of Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac interferometers was proposed as a sensing frame for a gas or liquid pipeline leak, in which there are two light paths that have the same optical length but travel different sequence paths.
Abstract: When a gas or liquid pipeline leaks, it will generate broadband acoustic signal This acoustic pressure will induce an optical phase signal of the optical fiber fixed on the surface of pipes In this paper, we propose a hybrid configuration of Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac interferometer as sensing frame In this interferometer, there are two light paths that have the same optical length but travel different sequence paths Because the propagation lights of the two light paths pass through the leaking point at different times, the resulting phase signals differ respectively After interference, we demodulate the sensing phase signal by a broadband phase generated carrier (PGC) circuit and then the leaking point can be acquired from null frequency of the output spectrum This system has many advantages, such as its in-line configuration, all fiber structural design and polarization-insensitive for sensing fiber This system also has very wide dynamic range which can be greater than 76 dB with the minimum detectable phase signal about 33 × 10 − 4 ( rad / Hz )

139 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202213
2021840
20201,221
20191,432
20181,351
20171,311