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International Patent Classification
About: International Patent Classification is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 427 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6593 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of patent scope on firm value was examined using a sample of 535 financing rounds at 173 privately held venture-backed biotechnology firms, and it was shown that a one standard deviation increase in average patent scope is associated with a 21% increase in the firm's value.
Abstract: This article examines the impact of patent scope on firm value. I develop a proxy for patent scope based on the International Patent Classification scheme. Using a sample of 535 financing rounds at 173 privately held venture-backed biotechnology firms. I show that the breadth of patent protection significantly affects valuations. A one standard deviation increase in average patent scope is associated with a 21% increase in the firm's value. Broad patents are more valuable when substitutes in the same product class are plentiful, a finding consistent with theoretical suggestions.
1,043 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the evolution of a specific type of eco-innovations that are playing a crucial role in the current socioeconomic agenda, namely low-carbon energy technologies is presented.
269 citations
01 Apr 2003
TL;DR: This work investigates how best to resolve the training problems related to the attribution of multiple classification codes to each patent document and reports the results of applying a variety of machine learning algorithms to the automated categorization of English-language patent documents.
Abstract: A new reference collection of patent documents for training and testing automated categorization systems is established and described in detail. This collection is tailored for automating the attribution of international patent classification codes to patent applications and is made publicly available for future research work. We report the results of applying a variety of machine learning algorithms to the automated categorization of English-language patent documents. This procedure involves a complex hierarchical taxonomy, within which we classify documents into 114 classes and 451 subclasses. Several measures of categorization success are described and evaluated. We investigate how best to resolve the training problems related to the attribution of multiple classification codes to each patent document.
256 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between technology and economic performance is examined, and a reliable concordance between technologies and industry classifications is established by establishing a network of related indicators reflecting different aspects of innovation.
Abstract: Technological innovations are one of the key factors in explaining economic competitiveness of advanced countries. Therefore it is important to monitor technological development of areas, countries and regions in a systematic way to support economic analysis and decision making. It is, however, impossible to describe the technological development by a single indicator encompassing all aspects and stages of innovation. Rather, it is necessary to establish a network of related indicators reflecting different aspects of innovation. At the same time to examine the relationship between technology and economic performance it is crucial to link technological indicators with those related to economic performance. At the international level, most economic indicators such as turnover, investment, employment, productivity, value added, R&D expenditure etc. are classified by industrial sectors, for instance, according to the NACE or ISIC schemes. In contrast, some of the most frequently used indicators for technology are based on patent statistics, classified according to the International Patent Classification (IPC).5 However, the IPC is based on technological categories and cannot be directly translated into industrial sectors. One approach for solving this problem is to establish a reliable concordance between technology and industry classifications.
230 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an interface to the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) allows for the mapping of patent portfolios as overlays to basemaps constructed from citation relations among all patents contained in this database during the period 1976---2011.
Abstract: We report on the development of an interface to the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that allows for the mapping of patent portfolios as overlays to basemaps constructed from citation relations among all patents contained in this database during the period 1976---2011. Both the interface and the data are in the public domain; the freeware programs VOSViewer and/or Pajek can be used for the visualization. These basemaps and overlays can be generated at both the 3-digit and 4-digit levels of the International Patent Classification (IPC) of the world intellectual property organization (WIPO). The basemaps can provide a stable mental framework for analysts to follow developments over searches for different years, which can be animated. The full flexibility of the advanced search engines of USPTO are available for generating sets of patents and/or patent applications which can thus be visualized and compared. This instrument allows for addressing questions about technological distance, diversity in portfolios, and animating the developments of both technologies and technological capacities of organizations over time.
167 citations