Showing papers on "Internationalization published in 1973"

International Commercial Arbitration

Abstract: 1. With the internationalization of the market international transactions also grow in number and importance. Here we should not only think of international sales agreements. Important as those may be there are also licence agreements, know-how agreements, agency-contracts, transport agreements, deliveries of installations and even of complete factories to developing countries, concession-agreements – all these play a role in international transactions. From all these contracts – the list is far from being complete – disputes can arise. How are these disputes to be resolved?2. Court proceedingsOf course there is the national judge. Bringing the case in court is, however, in international matters even more than in the national field, not always looked upon favourably by business people. The reasons for this are manifold.

The Internationalization of U.S. Franchise Systems: Progress and Procedures:

Abstract: During the 1960s, franchising in the United States evolved from a specialized method of distribution to an “industry.” With the domestic market now approaching maturity, franchisors are expanding i...

The non-substitution theorem and international trade theory*

Abstract: The object of this brief essay is to suggest that recent work in the field of capital theory has an immediate significance for trade theory in a stationary equilibrium setting. Recent capital theory has emphasised the relationships between income distribution and relative commodity prices rather than any particular theory of the determination of distribution and prices. It may therefore provide the basis for studying important aspects of the theory of trade outside a full neo-classical general equilibrium theory and, indeed, outside any other general theory. We are able to see, for example, that even in the absence of specialisation there is no reason to expect a priori that free trade in commodities will ensure uniformity of real wage and interest rates.

Multinational Firms and the Factor Intensity of Trade

Abstract: In studying the impact of direct investment on the amount, direction, and composition of international trade we have found that the multinational firm fits uncomfortably into the usual theory of trade and capital movements. We attempt here to introduce the fact of the existence of multinational firms into the explanation of trade flows and particularly into the long-running debate over the relations among factor abundance, factor prices and trade.

The Basis of International Trade

Abstract: In the last chapter we studied how changes in the commodity-price ratio occur under the thrust of variations in the factor-price ratio, the overall capital/labour ratio and the relative rate of technical advance in the two industries. Any theory attempting to explain the basis of international trade must always commence with the theory of resource allocation and production in a closed economy. This task having been accomplished in the previous chapters, we are now in a position to pinpoint the factors that determine a country’s pattern of trade. The issue is what goods a country will export and import. Stated differently, is it possible to predict a country’s configuration of exports and imports just by examining the characteristics of a closed economy? Seeking a clear-cut answer to this query constitutes the subject-matter of this chapter.