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Showing papers on "Internationalization published in 1974"






Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The consumerism movement has been largely uninational in scope, bypassing or exempting multinational corporate activities in overseas markets, and relatively few attempts have been made to coordinate consumer protection activities on a global scale as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The consumerism movement has been largely uninational in scope, bypassing or exempting multinational corporate activities in overseas markets. Little progress and relatively few attempts have been made to coordinate consumer protection activities on a global scale. While numerous viable consumerism programs are to be found in the industrialized countries, few, if any, exist in the less developed nations.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1974

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the national and international conditions under which the development of population policy takes place and the international ideology which makes a contribution to the shaping of the modern world.
Abstract: It is necessary to consider the national and international conditions under which the development of population policy takes place and the international ideology which makes a contribution to the shaping of the modern world. New ideas international norms and standards of conduct have become the key components of an international ideology if not guidelines for concerted international action. The most recent period appears to be the most productive in regard to the international population debate and the formulation of different policies. There have been considerable developments at the international as well as the national level of population policy-making and this has emphasized the role of the U.N. system in international population matters. Population policy is generally understood to be an integral component of national development policy. International solidarity is also considered a principle of population policies to the extent to which it deals with international technical cooperation but the other aspect of solidarity the need for a global look at the problem of population growth and the international consequences of national policies has not yet received official consideration. The scientific foundation of policies relative to development and population is a principle which is lower in priority. From both national and international points of view policies relating to health conditions and mortality reduction appear the least controversial. Low fertility appears to be the common objective of a majority of nations but needing attention is the strange way in which this objective is approached. The rapid internationalization of many aspects of population policy-making must be recognized. A major factor in the internationalization of population policy is the appreciation on the part of new nations that regulation of demographic phenomena benefits both the community and the individual and the recognition by developed nations of their own population policy-making. A significant aspect of internationalization is the role of the U.N. system as a forum for international debate and policy-making as well as its function as an agent of internationally sponsored action. There are numerous forces working against a world wide approach to the solution of population problems and in the context of contradictory conditions fundamental questions of population policy must be solved in the 1970s. It is unfortunate that the long-range policy must depend on short-range considerations but at least the U.N. placed the issue on its 1974 agenda--in spite of its problems.

3 citations


Book
01 Jan 1974

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relationship between research and development and international trade and investment in the case of United States' manufacturing industry has been examined in this paper, with the availability of new data on book values of British direct investment abroad by industry groups, some assessment of the connection between research activity and export and foreign investment positions can now be undertaken.
Abstract: The general importance of technological advances, based on successful industrial research and development, is well established in the economics of international trade and investment. A part of the emphasis on technology as a factor in international trade has resulted from the general reaction to Leontief's findings about the apparent factor intensity of U.S. trade: findings which went against the accepted pattern of the capital‐ and labour‐ based Heckscher‐Ohlin model of international trade. More important though is the recognition of the commercial significance of product‐ and process‐ oriented industrial innovation in an industry's international operations. There is ample evidence to support the usually accepted connection between research and development and international trade and investment in the case of United States' manufacturing industry. There has not, however, been a proper examination of the nature of this relationship in U.K. manufacturing industries. With the availability of new data on book values of British direct investment abroad by industry groups, some assessment of the connection between research activity and export‐ and foreign‐investment positions can now be undertaken.

2 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Theories of development -of the development of the capitalist mode of production -were implicit, essential elements of the classicist's study of political economy as mentioned in this paper, and were the focus of analysis in the works of Karl Marx.
Abstract: Theories of development - of the development of the capitalist mode of production-were implicit, essential elements of the classicist's study of political economy. They were the focus of analysis in the works of Karl Marx.

2 citations


Book
01 Jan 1974