Topic
Internationalization
About: Internationalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18414 publications have been published within this topic receiving 427742 citations. The topic is also known as: internationalisation & Internationalization.
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01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the degree, direction, and diversity of the international orientation of arts journalism for each country and cultural genre, finding that international arts and culture coverage has increased in Europe but not in the United States.
Abstract: textThis article charts key developments and cross-national variations in the coverage of foreign culture (i.e., classical and popular music, dance, film, literature, theater, television, and visual arts) in Dutch, French, German, and U.S. elite newspapers between 1955 and 2005. Such coverage signals the awareness of foreign culture among national elites and the degree and direction of "globalization from within." Using content analysis, we examine the degree, direction, and diversity of the international orientation of arts journalism for each country and cultural genre. Results denote how international arts and culture coverage has increased in Europe but not in the United States. Moreover, the centrality of a country in the cultural "world-system" offers a better explanation for cross-national differences in international orientation than do other country-level characteristics, such as size and cultural policy framework. Recorded and performance-based genres differ markedly in their levels of internationalization, but the effect of other genre-level characteristics, such as language dependency and capital intensiveness, is not clear. In each country, international coverage remains concentrated on a few countries, of which the United States has become the most prominent. Although the global diversity of coverage has increased, non-Western countries are still underrepresented.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the following variables help explain distinctive aspects of Chinese multinational enterprises internationalization: (1) their stage of evolution as a multinational enterprise, with most CMNEs being infant MNEs rather than mature mNEs; (2) the global context for internationalization, which has helped CMNE internationalize faster than it was possible in earlier decades; (3) government-created advantages, which complemented China’s natural endowments and for the most part improved CMNE's international competitiveness; and (4) "leapf
Abstract: Buckley et al.’s (J Int Bus Studi 38(4):499–518, 2007) pioneering work concluded that the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from China were similar to those observed in developed countries – but with a few modifications. In this commentary, we suggest continuing their effort to understand what is distinctive about Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs). We look for underlying explanations that are analytically useful and potentially generalizable, unlike a firm’s nationality, which is a catch-all variable with no analytical value. Based on prior research and Ramamurti (Glob Strategy J 2(1):41–47, 2012a), we argue that the following variables help explain distinctive aspects of CMNE internationalization: (1) their “stage of evolution as a multinational enterprise,” with most CMNEs being infant MNEs rather than mature MNEs; (2) the “global context for internationalization,” which has helped CMNEs internationalize faster than it was possible in earlier decades; (3) “government-created advantages,” which complemented China’s natural endowments and for the most part improved CMNEs’ international competitiveness; and (4) “leapfrogging advantage,” which allowed late-mover Chinese firms to gain a competitive advantage in smokestack industries and some sunrise industries. These variables may also explain the behavior of MNEs from other emerging economies and are therefore candidates for inclusion in general models of the internationalization process.
157 citations
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of internationalization processes (inward and outward) as mechanisms of facilitating competitive catch-up by developing country MNEs, with new evidence relating to Chinese multinationals.
Abstract: This paper considers the importance of internationalization processes (inward and outward) as mechanisms of facilitating competitive catch-up by developing country MNEs, with new evidence relating to Chinese multinationals. The links between inward and outward internationalization, the speed of outward internationalization and the growing importance of outward joint ventures and acquisitions in developed countries are stressed.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the extent to which firms in the electronics industry in Malaysia and Brazil developed significant innovative technological capabilities is examined by examining whether innovative capabilities have spread to these two late-industrializing countries.
Abstract: The focus of this paper is the extent to which firms in the electronics industry in Malaysia and Brazil (Manaus) developed significant innovative technological capabilities. By examining whether innovative capabilities have spread to these two late‐industrializing countries, the paper seeks to add new evidence to the debate over internationalization of innovative capabilities and to argue against existing generalizations. Internationalization of innovative capabilities is measured here by the technological capability types and levels built within firms. The framework for capability‐building identifies types and levels of technological capabilities. The paper draws on empirical evidence from 82 electronics firms—transnational corporation subsidiaries and local firms: 53 in Malaysia (25 in Penang and 28 in Klang Valley) and 29 in Manaus (Northern Brazil). Empirical evidence was collected during extensive fieldwork based on different data‐gathering strategies. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis ...
157 citations