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Internationalization

About: Internationalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18414 publications have been published within this topic receiving 427742 citations. The topic is also known as: internationalisation & Internationalization.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Kotabe et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the factors infencing global sourcing of services by US service firms and the effect of such a strat-egy on market performance, and also tested hypotheses relatingservice firms' global sourcing strategy to their market performance.
Abstract: Masaaki Kotabe,Janet Y Murray,and RajshekharG Javalgi Submitted April 1996Revised April 1997February 1998^Journal of International MarketingVol 6 No 4 1998 pp 10-31ISSN 1069-031X Global procurement of services has received an increasing amountof managerial attention in recent years Service firms seem to havebegun sourcing some of their activities from abroad in much thesame way that manufacturing firms have outsourced in the past 30years However, little is known about the performance implicationsof a service sourcing strategy This study applies, with appropriatemodifications, a global components/finished goods sourcing strate-gy framework to the service sector It also tests hypotheses relatingservice firms' global sourcing strategy to their market performance The world trade in services, which is growing faster than thetrade in goods, represents approximately 25% of the totalvalue of all global trade (Kotabe and Helsen 1998) The major-ity takes place within the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (Gdneng 1988); US servicesimports in 1996 amounted to $1504 billion (StatisticalAbstract of the United States 1997) The dramatic increase inUS services procurement abroad, either intra- or interfirm,is attributed chiefiy to government deregulation and techno-logical advances The revolution in data processing andtelecommunications either makes the tradability of someservices possible or facilitates the transactions economically(Gerstein 1987; Sampson and Snape 1985)Despite the increase in global procurement of services(Fortune 1994; Liu and McGoldrick 1995), few studies inves-tigate global sourcing issues and performance implicationsThe literature on service industries in the global arena stress-es their growing importance (Gowell 1983; Palmer 1985;Patterson and Gicic 1995); the motives, process, and prob-lems of internationalization (Bower 1968; Gaedeke 1973);determinants of foreign direct investment (Terpstra and Yu1988; Weinstein 1977); foreign market entry modes (Erramilli1990; Erramilli and Rao 1993); and the propensity for servicefirms to follow major clients abroad (Patterson and Gicic1995) Some of this research is dated, however, and a neg-lected topic is how to manage service procurement for com-petitive advantage (Anderson and Narus 1995)This study examines the factors infiuencing global sourcingof services by US service firms and the effect of such a strat-egy on market performance A paradigm developed for com-ponents/finished goods sourcing is modified and applied to

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Philip G. Altbach1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that most of the enrolment growth in the coming several decades will be in developing countries, and China and India will contribute a significant proportion of that expansion, since China currently educates only about 20% and India 10% of the age cohort.
Abstract: China and India together account for almost 25% of the world’s postsecondary student population. Most of the enrolment growth in the coming several decades will be in developing countries, and China and India will contribute a significant proportion of that expansion, since China currently educates only about 20% and India 10% of the age cohort. Both countries are expanding the higher education sector, while at the same time seeking to improve its quality. Challenges of funding, educating qualified academics, and building a sustainable academic culture are significant. An emerging private higher education sector and developing masters and doctoral programmes are additional pressures. Internationalization is a key factor as well, as both countries seek to expand their global profile and develop strategies for international programmes. Also, higher education development is central to future economic growth of these two of the world’s fastest growing economies.

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical examination of the capacity of inward investment projects in the Czech and Slovak Republics to generate forms of embedded regional restructuring is carried out, pointing to the profound, yet uneven and contradictory regional transformations resulting from inward investment in three industrial sectors in Czech and Slovakia: automobile manufacturing, light engineering, and tobacco and food processing.
Abstract: PAVLINEK P. and SMITH A. (1998) Internationalization and embeddedness in East-Central European transition: the contrasting geographies of inward investment in the Czech and Slovak Republics, Reg. Studies 32, 619-638. Inward investment has been accorded a central role in the internationalization and restructuring of East-Central European economies. This paper undertakes a critical examination of the capacity of inward investment projects in the Czech and Slovak Republics to generate forms of embedded regional restructuring. The analysis points to the profound, yet uneven and contradictory regional transformations resulting from inward investment in three industrial sectors in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: automobile manufacturing; light engineering; and tobacco and food processing. The paper also develops a number of conceptual arguments around the determinants of integrated and embedded inward investment. Wedraw upon two forms of regional restructuring to analyse how and why differential forms of embed...

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that firms with greater levels of international activity have better credit ratings and that the cost of debt financing is inversely related to the degree of firm internationalization beyond that incorporated in credit ratings.
Abstract: Recent research suggests that firm internationalization is associated with greater exchange rate risk and a higher cost of equity capital. However, there is no research on the relation between the level of firm international activity and the cost of debt financing. This study of? fers the first such empirical evidence using non-provisional public debt. Based on a sample of 2,194 U.S. firm year observations, we find that firms with greater levels of international activity have better credit ratings. We also find that the cost of debt financing is inversely related to the degree of firm internationalization beyond that incorporated in credit ratings. These results suggest that rating agencies do not fully incorporate firm international activ? ity in their analysis resulting in a downward bias in credit ratings for international firms. In aggregate, the results imply that failing to incorporate firm international activity in debt pricing leads to potential omitted variable problems.

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Wen Wen1, Die Hu1, Jie Hao1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the influx of international students to China in recent years and the corresponding internationalization strategies in the higher education sector and assess international students' learning and socio-cultural experiences in Chinese universities.

110 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20231,053
20222,315
2021831
2020939
20191,035