Internationalization

About: Internationalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18414 publications have been published within this topic receiving 427742 citations. The topic is also known as: internationalisation & Internationalization.

Analyzing the nexus of higher education and vocational training in Europe: a comparative‐institutional framework

Abstract: Given ongoing economic, political and social transformation, skill formation systems are under pressure to change. This is acknowledged in European declarations – Bologna for higher education and Copenhagen for vocational training – and various national reform processes. The omnipresent convergence hypothesis is that these international pressures will result in national skill formation systems becoming more similar. However, if these systems throughout Europe are to match the dominant anglophone models, which value general higher education more than specific vocational training, those countries with strong apprenticeship traditions are especially challenged. Due to countries’ differential starting points, the convergence hypothesis needs to be tested, taking the shifting complementary and competitive relationship between the two organizational fields of higher education and vocational training into account. Ideational internationalization, and normative and regulative Europeanization, as manifest in the B...

Doing Business in Emerging Markets: Entry and Negotiation Strategies

Abstract: About the Authors List of Exhibits Preface Chapter 1 Why Look at Emerging Economies? Chapter 2 Emerging Market Potential Chapter 3 Internationalization as a Business Strategy Chapter 4 Export Marketing To and Sourcing in Emerging Economies Chapter 5 Entry Strategies for Emerging Markets Chapter 6 Developing and Managing Relationships in Emerging Markets Chapter 7 Negotiation Process and Strategies for Emerging Markets Chapter 8 Emerging Markets of Asia Chapter 9 Emerging Markets of Eastern Europe Chapter 10 Emerging Markets of Latin America, South Africa, and Turkey Chapter 11 Conclusions: Some Guidelines for Doing Business in Emerging Markets References

Speed of SME Internationalization and Performance

Abstract: This paper studies the performance consequences of the speed of SME internationalization. The authors identify three research gaps: few studies treat speed as an independent variable; most studies analyze speed only until internationalization starts; and, finally, studies have paid little attention to the multidimensionality of the speed concept. The authors seek to address these gaps and to contribute to the literature on the dynamics of internationalization by developing three measures of internationalization speed, which capture its multidimensionality. Building on the theories of learning advantage of newness and time compression diseconomies, the study presents three hypotheses on speed’s effect on performance, and the theoretically derived research model is tested on a sample of 183 SMEs visited on site. The analysis demonstrates that the speed of a firm’s increase in the breadth of its international markets has a positive but curvilinear effect on firm performance. It also demonstrates that the speed of a firm’s increase in commitment of foreign resources has a negative but curvilinear effect on the performance of the firm. These results have implications both for scholars interested in the dynamics of firm internationalization and for SME managers.

Seeking commonalities or avoiding differences? Re-conceptualizing distance and its effects on internationalization decisions

Abstract: Past research established distance’s key influence on internationalization. However, theoretical issues, methodological challenges, and inconsistent results hinder scholarship on why distance plays such an influential role. To address these problems, we draw from cognitive research on similarity comparisons to re-conceptualize distance and test a model of internationalization decisions. Analyzing the verbal protocols of executives considering a series of internationalization opportunities, we demonstrate that, over and above objective distance indicators, considerations that reduce distance (commonalities) and considerations that augment distance (differences) have distinct effects on decisions of where, when, and how to internationalize. As such, our study contributes new insights for understanding the nature and effects of distance, across different dimensions of distance and internationalization decisions. Moreover, internationalization theories have come to emphasize different theoretical rationales for explaining the influential role of distance on different decisions. By integrating these rationales together with the notion that distance-reducing commonalities and distance-augmenting differences have distinct implications for internationalization decisions, we introduce the notion that it is not only the addition of distance considerations that matters but also the directionality of such changes. Doing so, our study points to new theoretical and methodological insights to help address prior criticisms and advance future research.

Shopping behaviour and preferences in e-commerce of Turkish and American university students: Implications from cross-cultural design

Abstract: With internationalization of commerce and business and with increased use of e-business and e-commerce, it is important to ensure that these systems can be effectively utilized across cultural boundaries. To increase effectiveness, appropriate changes and modifications in the systems may be required. With this in mind, a survey of 300 Turkish university students was undertaken to assess their on-line shopping and behaviour preferences, and these were compared with the results derived from 64 US university students. The results provide guidelines for specific design of features for the Turkish population that may not be necessary for the US population.