Internationalization

About: Internationalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18414 publications have been published within this topic receiving 427742 citations. The topic is also known as: internationalisation & Internationalization.

The pursuit of international opportunities in family firms: Generational differences and the role of knowledge-based resources

Abstract: Research Summary: We argue that willingness (attitude toward risk, return, and socioemotional wealth), ability (extent of control), and resource availability influence the internationalization of family firms. We hypothesize that the internationalization of family firms led by founding and later generation family members differs from the internationalization of nonfamily firms and from each other and that knowledge-based resources moderate the relationship. Longitudinal analysis of 4,925 firm-year observations of S&P 1500 manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2008 shows that compared to nonfamily firms, family firms run by founding (later generation) family members internationalize less (more). Knowledge resources increase (decrease) the internationalization of founder-led (later generation) family firms. Overall, how family ownership influences firm behavior is likely to vary as much by its type as its amount.Managerial Summary: We explore the internationalization of family firms based on a sample of S&P 1500 manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2008. Compared to nonfamily firms, family firms run by founding family members internationalize less, and family firms run by later generation members internationalize more. However, as knowledge resources increase, the internationalization of founder-led family firms increases, whereas the internationalization of firms led by later generation family members decreases. Therefore, our findings suggest that knowledge resources can facilitate or hamper international expansion in family firms, depending on the generation of family control. These findings underscore the role of goals, governance, and resources as important drivers of differences in internationalization between family and nonfamily firms, as well as of variations in internationalization among family firms.

Geography, International Trade, and Political Mobilization in U.S. Industries

Abstract: posed industries, geographic concentration strongly increases (a) the formation of common trade policy preferences among workers; (b) employees' contributions to political campaigns; and (c) voter turnout. This activism traces not to the behavior of political elites, but rather to the increased possibility for collective action that spatial proximity affords individuals in trade-exposed industries. ,eS ~ eography is everywhere in vogue. From studies of "Silicon Valley effects" and industrial agglomeration (Audretsch 1998; Dyer 1994) to the pricing practices of monopolies, from corporate alliances to regional economic development (Porter 1998), the spatial proximity of firms is shedding new light on some of the most enduring puzzles in business and economics. Yet despite this interest in industrial "clusters," few studies have asked-and fewer still have empirically assessed-how spatial proximity conditions an industry's political behavior. This link is particularly important for sectors exposed to international trade, given the longstanding debate over how geographic concentration affects an industry's ability to secure import relief. Recent studies (Busch and Reinhardt 1999; McGiliivray 1997) find that spatially proximate industries are, indeed, more successful in gaining protection, although the mechanisms by which they exert greater political influence remain little understood. We seek to explain how geographic concentration facilitates political mobilization on the part of trade-exposed industries. Geographic concentration bolsters an industry's capacity for collective action. In particular, as a wide variety of literatures insists, spatial proximity facilitates greater "face-to-face" communication, aids in the diffusion of specialized political knowledge, provides the basis for denser social networks, and enables more effective monitoring and sanctioning of those who might free-ride on the political contributions of others. In short, individuals in geographically concentrated groups are more likely to recognize and act upon their collective interests. Yet spatial proximity alone is not sufficient to motivate political mobilization: underlying common interests must exist as well. Looking at manufacturing industries, we hypothesize

Coalitions and competition : the globalization of professional business services

Abstract: Globalization of professional services business and professional services- competing in a more mobile world effects of GATT rules on trade in professional services mutual recognition, regulatory competition and the globalization of professional services the globalization of services and service-intensive goods industries the internationalization of the production of services - some general and specific explanations the globalization of professional service firms - evidence from four case studies ownerships, networks and coalitions the impact of bargaining and negotiating on the globalization of professional service firms risk sharing incentive contracts - on setting compensation policy for expatriate professionals in a foreign operation co-operative strategies for professional service firms - unique opportunities and challenges patterns of international competition in service industries - global oligopolistic reaction and national competitive advantages international competitiveness and corporate strategies in the construction services sector business corporation with Eastern Europe - problems and perspectives globalization of professional business services and Eastern Europe the global expansion of Japanese financial service firms - role of domestic economic and regulatory policies globalization of banking services.

Democratizing Entrepreneurship? Digital Technologies and the Internationalization of Female-Led SMEs

Abstract: This study examines how digital technologies affect the international expansion of female‐led small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Digital technologies have the potential to democratize entre...