Topic
Internationalization
About: Internationalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18414 publications have been published within this topic receiving 427742 citations. The topic is also known as: internationalisation & Internationalization.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the linkages between the overall business strategies of small firms and their patterns, processes and pace of internationalization, and found that there were close relationships between product policies and market focus, with product or process innovation often providing an important stimulus to international expansion.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the linkages between the overall business strategies of small firms and their patterns, processes and pace of internationalization. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving 30 indepth interviews with key decision makers of internationalizing small firms based in 3 UK regions (15 ‘knowledge-intensive’ and 15 ‘traditional’ firms). The findings suggest that business policies, including those linked to ownership and/or management changes, had an important influence upon the international orientation of many firms. There were close relationships between product policies and market focus, with product or process innovation often providing an important stimulus to international expansion. However, differences existed in the patterns, processes and pace of internationalization between small ‘knowledge-intensive’ and ‘traditional’ manufacturing firms. The implications of these results on firm strategy, public policy and theory development are discussed and a series o...
502 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth analysis of R&D internationalization in 21 large corporations in Europe, Japan and the US is presented. And a framework is developed to assess the appropriate mechanisms to coordinate and control an international network of technological competence centers.
500 citations
TL;DR: The phenomenon of Born Globals has been highlighted in many studies as discussed by the authors, where firms adopt a global approach right from their inception or very shortly thereafter. This phenomenon has been identified as a major obstacle in the creation of successful companies.
Abstract: During the past few years, the phenomenon of Born Globals has been highlighted in many studies. Such firms adopt a global approach right from their inception or very shortly thereafter. This behavi ...
496 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed two hypotheses from the internationalization process approach regarding the locations of FDIs in the Norwegian manufacturing companies up to the mid-year 1982 and found no support for the notion that the first FDI in general takes place in culturally closer countries than later FDIs.
Abstract: It is recognized in the literature that experience may affect the cost and the uncertainty of operating in foreign markets, and experience and market knowledge may therefore influence the location decisions of FDIs. Economic theory does not, however, predict a general expansion pattern of FDIs across industries. On the other hand, the theory associated with the “internationalization process” approach highlights the importance of cultural distance, and predicts a movement from “close” to more “distant” markets as more experience is acquired by the firm. The internationalization process approach is rooted in a behavioral theory of the firm. In this article two hypotheses are developed from the internationalization process approach regarding the locations of FDIs. The database used for testing the hypotheses includes in principle all FDIs undertaken by Norwegian manufacturing companies up to the midyear 1982. Cultural distance is measured by an index developed by Kogut and Singh [1988]. No support is found for the notion that the first FDI in general takes place in culturally closer countries than later FDIs. Furthermore, for given companies, an expansion into more distant countries is not found as the number of investments increases.
495 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the economic and process views of international business research give some insight into the complex phenomenon of the intractable intractability of the business process.
Abstract: There are 2 dominant views in international business research: the economic and the process view. In this study it is shown that these views give some insight into the complex phenomenon of the int ...
490 citations