Topic
Internationalization
About: Internationalization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18414 publications have been published within this topic receiving 427742 citations. The topic is also known as: internationalisation & Internationalization.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the dual perspectives of cross-border platforms and ecosystems, as a venue for multifaceted innovation and as multisided marketplace, and focus on three overarching themes at the intersection of digital platforms and international business.
Abstract: The emergence of digital platforms and ecosystems (DPE) as a venue for value creation and capture for multinational enterprises holds considerable implications for the theory and practice of international business. In this paper, we articulate these implications by considering the dual perspectives of cross-border platforms and ecosystems – as a venue for multifaceted innovation and as multisided marketplace – and focusing on three overarching themes at the intersection of DPEs and international business, that is, DPEs as affording new ways of internationalization, as facilitating new ways of building knowledge and relationships, and as enabling new ways of creating and delivering value to global customers. We explain specific DPE-related concepts and constructs that underlie these themes and discuss how they could be incorporated into existing IB theories in ways that would enhance their richness and continued relevance as well as their ability to better predict a multitude of emerging IB phenomena.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the S-model is merged with the IP-model and is treated as one, since the concepts are seen as being interchangeable, and the unification led some researchers to completely reject the IP model, since their observations did not correspond with the progressive stages in internationalization modes (Engwall/Wallenstal 1988).
Abstract: The internationalization process model (Johanson/Vahlne 1977) has been reviewed and tested in a considerable number of studies. The underlying assumption when testing the model is that there is a connection between the progressive stages of the internationalization, stage model (S-model) and the variables of commitment and knowledge in the internationalization process model (IP-model). The S-model is merged with the IP-model and is treated as one, since the concepts are seen as being interchangeable. The unification led some researchers to completely reject the IP-model, since their observations did not correspond with the progressive stages in internationalization modes (Engwall/Wallenstal 1988). Other researchers had more modest objections and remarked on some inconsistencies in the appearance of the stages (Hedlund/Kverneland 1985, Forsgren 1989, Calof/Beamish 1995).
178 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the early phases of firms' internationalization, i.e., start up patterns of internationalization and provide a framework to analyze these patterns and their outcomes.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of Chinese Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) were investigated and the authors proposed research challenges for the next decade on Chinese OFDI that transcend the Chinese context and have wider theoretical applicability.
Abstract: Our original 2007 Journal of International Business Studies article, “The determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment”, was the first theoretically based empirical analysis of the phenomenon. It utilised internalisation theory to explain the internationalisation of Chinese state-owned enterprises. This paper showed that we had failed to ask sufficiently challenging questions about the effects of home country institutions on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). This Retrospective builds on the extensive subsequent research to show the importance of context in constructing satisfactory theoretical explanations of OFDI. Building on these foundations, we propose research challenges for the next decade on Chinese OFDI that transcend the Chinese context and have wider theoretical applicability. Examining alternative forms of social and economic organisation allows the creation of special theories of foreign direct investment nested within the general theory. Following such a strategy would enable International Business research to make a contribution across the social sciences.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that not all entrepreneurial risk-taking, brokering and opportunity-seeking activities lead to internationalization, and that the only truly internationally entrepreneurial firms are those that are "born global" and concerned with what can be constructed again in relation to global markets rather than in relation with local/regional context in which the business is located.
Abstract: The topic of ‘international entrepreneurship’ is becoming increasingly popular with researchers concerned with examining how international and entrepreneurial activities intersect when people in organizations engage in pro-active brokering and risk-taking behaviour in cross-border contexts. Some caution is needed in over-generalizing the meaning and significance of international entrepreneurship – especially in relation to small businesses. Not all entrepreneurial risk-taking, brokering and opportunity-seeking activities lead to internationalization (as the statistics on small business international activities indicate). This might suggest then that the only truly internationally entrepreneurial firms are those that are ‘born global’. However, their entrepreneurial activities are more ‘spatial’, concerned with what can be constructed again in relation to global markets rather than in relation to the local/regional context in which the business is located. For small firms that internationalize a few years ...
177 citations