scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Interpersonal communication published in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that while these effects are largely dependent on the particular goals that users bring to the interaction-such as self-expression, affiliation, or competition-they also interact in important ways with the unique qualities of the Internet communication situation.
Abstract: The Internet is the latest in a series of technological breakthroughs in interpersonal communication, following the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. It combines innovative features of its predecessors, such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass audience. However, the Internet has novel features as well, most critically the relative anonymity afforded to users and the provision of group venues in which to meet others with similar interests and values. We place the Internet in its historical context, and then examine the effects of Internet use on the user's psychological well-being, the formation and maintenance of personal relationships, group memberships and social identity, the workplace, and community involvement. The evidence suggests that while these effects are largely dependent on the particular goals that users bring to the interaction—such as self-expression, affiliation, or competition—they also interact in important ways with the unique qualities of the Internet communicat...

1,269 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two studies showed that communicating personal positive events with others was associated with increased daily positive affect and well-being, above and beyond the impact of the positive event itself and other daily events.
Abstract: Four studies examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of seeking out others when good things happen (i.e., capitalization). Two studies showed that communicating personal positive events with others was associated with increased daily positive affect and well-being, above and beyond the impact of the positive event itself and other daily events. Moreover, when others were perceived to respond actively and constructively (and not passively or destructively) to capitalization attempts, the benefits were further enhanced. Two studies found that close relationships in which one's partner typically responds to capitalization attempts enthusiastically were associated with higher relationship well-being (e.g., intimacy, daily marital satisfaction). The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical and empirical importance of understanding how people "cope" with positive events, cultivate positive emotions, and enhance social bonds.

1,022 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The occurrence of everyday medical mishaps in this study is associated with faulty communication; but, poor communication is not simply the result of poor transmission or exchange of information.
Abstract: Purpose To describe how communication failures contribute to many medical mishaps. Method In late 1999, a sample of 26 residents stratified by medical specialty, year of residency, and gender was randomly selected from a population of 85 residents at a 600-bed U.S. teaching hospital. The study design involved semistructured face-to-face interviews with the residents about their routine work environments and activities, the medical mishaps in which they recently had been involved, and a description of both the individual and organizational contributory factors. The themes reported here emerged from inductive analyses of the data. Results Residents reported a total of 70 mishap incidents. Aspects of "communication" and "patient management" were the two most commonly cited contributing factors. Residents described themselves as embedded in a complex network of relationships, playing a pivotal role in patient management vis-a-vis other medical staff and health care providers from within the hospital and from the community. Recurring patterns of communication difficulties occur within these relationships and appear to be associated with the occurrence of medical mishaps. Conclusion The occurrence of everyday medical mishaps in this study is associated with faulty communication; but, poor communication is not simply the result of poor transmission or exchange of information. Communication failures are far more complex and relate to hierarchical differences, concerns with upward influence, conflicting roles and role ambiguity, and interpersonal power and conflict. A clearer understanding of these dynamics highlights possibilities for appropriate interventions in medical education and in health care organizations aimed at improving patient safety.

976 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Psychological Entitlement Scale was found to be reliable and valid, not associated with social desirability, stable across time, and correlated negatively with two of the Big Five factors: agreeableness and emotional stability.
Abstract: Nine studies were conducted with the goal of developing a self-report measure of psychological entitlement and assessing its interpersonal consequences. The Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) was found to be reliable and valid (Study 1, 2), not associated with social desirability (Study 2), stable across time (Study 3), and correlated negatively with two of the Big Five factors: agreeableness and emotional stability (Study 4). The validity of the PES was confirmed in studies that assessed willingness to take candy designated for children (Study 5) and reported deservingness of pay in a hypothetical employment setting (Study 6). Finally, the PES was linked to important interpersonal consequences including competitive choices in a commons dilemma (Study 7), selfish approaches to romantic relationships (Study 8), and aggression following ego threat (Study 9). Psychological entitlement has a pervasive and largely unconstructive impact on social behavior.

902 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, gender differences in video game use are examined by focusing on interpersonal needs for inclusion, affection, and control, as well as socially constructed perceptions of gendered game play.
Abstract: In this study, we examined gender differences in video game use by focusing on interpersonal needs for inclusion, affection, and control, as well as socially constructed perceptions of gendered game play. Results of a large-scale survey (n = 534) of young adults’ reasons for video game use, preferred game genres, and amount of game play are reported. Female respondents report less frequent play, less motivation to play in social situations, and less orientation to game genres featuring competition and three-dimensional rotation. Implications for game design are discussed.

743 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright and which are likely to be copyrighted.
Abstract: Online spaces that enable shared public interpersonal communications are of significant social, organizational, and economic importance. In this paper, a theoretical model and associated unobtrusive method are proposed for researching the relationship between online spaces and the behavior they host. The model focuses on the collective impact that individual information-overload coping strategies have on the dynamics of open, interactive public online group discourse. Empirical research was undertaken to assess the validity of both the method and the model, based on the analysis of over 2.65 million postings to 600 Usenet newsgroups over a 6-month period. Our findings support the assertion that individual strategies for coping with "information overload" have an observable impact on large-scale online group discourse. Evidence was found for the hypotheses that: (1) users are more likely to respond to simpler messages in overloaded mass interaction; (2) users are more likely to end active participation as the overloading of mass interaction increases; and (3) users are more likely to generate simpler responses as the overloading of mass interaction grows.The theoretical model outlined offers insight into aspects of computer-mediated communication tool usability, technology design, and provides a road map for future empirical research.

684 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigated the antecedents of willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) through two separate investigations conducted with Japanese adolescent learners of English and found that the attitudinal construct international posture leads to WTC and communication behavior.
Abstract: This article investigates results and antecedents of willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second Language (L2) through 2 separate investigations conducted with Japanese adolescent learners of English. In the first investigation, involving 160 students, a model was created based on the hypothesis that WTC results in more frequent communication in the L2 and that the attitudinal construct international posture leads to WTC and communication behavior. This model was tested with structural equation modeling and was found to fit the data well. The second investigation with 60 students who participated in a study-abroad program in the United States confirmed the results of the first. Finally, frequency of communication was shown to correlate with satisfaction in interpersonal relationships during the sojourn.

614 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Consumer health information seeking in the realm of the primary sources of health information used by consumers is explored, demonstrating that active communication channels such as interpersonal communication, print readership, and Internet communication serve as primary health information sources for health-conscious, health-information oriented individuals with strong health beliefs, and commitment to healthy activities.
Abstract: The recent growth in consumer autonomy in health care accompanied by the surge in the use of new media for health information gathering has led to an increasing scholarly interest in understanding the consumer health information search construct This article explores consumer health information seeking in the realm of the primary sources of health information used by consumers Based on an analysis of the 1999 HealthStyles data, the paper demonstrates that active communication channels such as interpersonal communication, print readership, and Internet communication serve as primary health information sources for health-conscious, health-information oriented individuals with strong health beliefs, and commitment to healthy activities On the other hand, passive consumption channels such as television and radio serve as primary health information resources for individuals who are not health-oriented Media planning implications are drawn from the results, suggesting that broadcast outlets with an entertainment orientation are better suited for prevention campaigns Such channels provide suitable sites for entertainment-education On the other hand, print media, interpersonal networks, and the Internet are better suited for communicating about health issues to the health-active consumer segment

553 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results support the suggested structure for business competence and indicate that business competence significantly influences the intentions of IT professionals to develop partnerships with their business clients.
Abstract: This research aims at improving our understanding of the concept of business competence of information technology professionals and at exploring the contribution of this competence to the development of partnerships between IT professionals and their business clients. Business competence focuses on the areas of knowledge that are not specifically IT-related. At a broad level, it comprises the organization-specific knowledge and the interpersonal and management knowledge possessed by IT professionals. Each of these categories is in turn inclusive of more specific areas of knowledge. Organizational overview, organizational unit, organizational responsibility, and IT-business integration form the organization-specific knowledge, while interpersonal communication, leadership, and knowledge networking form the interpersonal and management knowledge. Such competence is hypothesized to be instrumental in increasing the intentions of IT professionals to develop and strengthen the relationship with their clients. The first step in the study was to develop a scale to measure business competence of IT professionals. The scale was validated, and then used to test the model that relates competence to intentions to form IT-business partnerships. The results support the suggested structure for business competence and indicate that business competence significantly influences the intentions of IT professionals to develop partnerships with their business clients.

548 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, focus groups were conducted with adult family members of children with and without disabilities and service providers and administrators to identify indicators of professional behavior facilitative of collaborative partnerships, including commitment, commitment, equality, skills, trust, and respect.
Abstract: The development of collaborative partnerships between parents and professionals is too often unsuccessful. One reason for this failure may be the lack of empirical understanding of the components of interpersonal partnerships. Using qualitative inquiry, 33 focus groups were conducted with adult family members of children with and without disabilities and service providers and administrators. In addition, 32 individual interviews were conducted with non-English-speaking parents and their service providers. Indicators of professional behavior facilitative of collaborative partnerships were identified. These indicators were organized into six broad themes: (a) Communication, (b) Commitment, (c) Equality, (d) Skills, (e) Trust, and (f) Respect. The specific meaning of each theme is described, including similarities and differences between professionals and family members. Policy, practice, and future research implications are discussed.

531 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize the results of two meta-analytic reviews the effects of physician gender on communication in medical visits within a communication framework that reflects patient-centeredness and the functions of the medical visit.
Abstract: Physician gender has stimulated a good deal of interest as a possible source of variation in the interpersonal aspects of medical practice, with speculation that female physicians are more patient-centered in their communication with patients. Our objective is to synthesize the results of two meta-analytic reviews the effects of physician gender on communication in medical visits within a communication framework that reflects patient-centeredness and the functions of the medical visit. We performed online database searches of English-language abstracts for the years 1967 to 2001 (MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, PsycINFO, and BIOETHICS), and a hand search was conducted of reprint files and the reference sections of review articles and other publications. Studies using a communication data source such as audiotape, videotape, or direct observation were identified through bibliographic and computerized searches. Medical visits with female physicians were, on average, two minutes (10%) longer than those of male physicians. During this time, female physicians engaged in significantly more communication that can be considered patient-centered. They engaged in more active partnership behaviors, positive talk, psychosocial counseling, psychosocial question asking, and emotionally focused talk. Moreover, the patients of female physicians spoke more overall, disclosed more biomedical and psychosocial information, and made more positive statements to their physicians than did the patients of male physicians. Obstetrics and gynecology may present a pattern different from that of primary care: Male physicians demonstrated higher levels of emotionally focused talk than their female colleagues. Female primary care physicians and their patients engaged in more communication that can be considered patient-centered and had longer visits than did their male colleagues. Limited studies exist outside of primary care, and gender-related practice patterns might differ in some subspecialties from those evident in primary care.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Large bodies of literature support these conclusions within the context of research on evolutionary processes, epistemic needs, interpersonal communication, attention, perception, attributional thinking, self-regulation, human agency,Self-worth, and contextual activation of cultural paradigms.
Abstract: Psychological processes influence culture. Culture influences psychological processes. Individual thoughts and actions influence cultural norms and practices as they evolve over time, and these cultural norms and practices influence the thoughts and actions of individuals. Large bodies of literature support these conclusions within the context of research on evolutionary processes, epistemic needs, interpersonal communication, attention, perception, attributional thinking, self-regulation, human agency, self-worth, and contextual activation of cultural paradigms. Cross-cultural research has greatly enriched psychology, and key issues for continued growth and maturation of the field of cultural psychology are articulated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the available literature reflects persistent methodologic problems, a consistent and significant positive relationship exists between interpersonal continuity of care and patient satisfaction.
Abstract: PURPOSE We wanted to review the medical literature regarding the relationship between interpersonal continuity of care and patient satisfaction and suggest future strategies for research on this topic. METHODS A search of the MEDLINE database from 1966 through April 2002 was conducted to find articles focusing on interpersonal continuity of patient care. The resulting articles were screened to select those focusing on the relationship between interpersonal continuity in the doctor-patient relationship and patient satisfaction. These articles were systematically reviewed and analyzed for study method, measurement technique, and the quality of evidence. RESULTS Thirty articles were found that addressed the relationship between interpersonal continuity and patient satisfaction with medical care. Twenty-two of these articles were reports of original research. Nineteen of the 22, including 4 clinical trials, reported significantly higher satisfaction when interpersonal continuity was present. CONCLUSIONS Although the available literature reflects persistent methodologic problems, a consistent and significant positive relationship exists between interpersonal continuity of care and patient satisfaction. Future research in this area should address whether the same is true for all patients or only for those who seek ongoing relationships with physicians in primary care.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Poor FHL appears to be a marker for oral communication problems, particularly in the technical, explanatory domains of clinician-patient dialogue, in patients with poor functional health literacy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared college students' interpersonal interaction online, face-to-face, and on the telephone and found that while the internet was integrated into college students’ social lives, face to face communication remained the dominant mode of interaction, and participants reported using the internet as often as the telephone.
Abstract: Two studies compared college students’ interpersonal interaction online, face-to-face, and on the telephone. A communication diary assessed the relative amount of social interactions college students conducted online compared to face-to-face conversation and telephone calls. Results indicated that while the internet was integrated into college students’ social lives, face-to-face communication remained the dominant mode of interaction. Participants reported using the internet as often as the telephone. A survey compared reported use of the internet within local and long distance social circles to the use of other media within those circles, and examined participants’ most recent significant social interactions conducted across media in terms of purposes, contexts, and quality. Internet interaction was perceived as high in quality, but slightly lower than other media. Results were compared to previous conceptualizations of the roles of internet in one’s social life.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Topics central to the interpersonal perspective are highlighted, such as the self-perpetuating interpersonal cycle, interpersonal variability in social phobia, and the relational nature of self-related information.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding of a positive association between integrated interpersonal trust and performance not only yields the strongest support for a relationship between trust and VCR performance but also contradicts prior research.
Abstract: This article examines the relationship between interpersonal trust and virtual collaborative relationship (VCR) performance. Findings from a study of 10 operational telemedicine projects in health care delivery systems are presented. The results presented here confirm, extend, and apparently contradict prior studies of interpersonal trust. Four types of interpersonal trust-calculative, competence, relational, and integrated are identified and operationalized as a single construct. We found support for an association between calculative, competence, and relational interpersonal trust and performance. Our finding of a positive association between integrated interpersonal trust and performance not only yields the strongest support for a relationship between trust and VCR performance but also contradicts prior research. Our findings indicate that the different types of trust are interrelated in that positive assessments of all three types of trust are necessary if VCRs are to have strongly positive performance. The study also established that if any one type of trust is negative, then it is very likely that VCR performance will not be positive. Our findings indicate that integrated types of interpersonal trust are interdependent, and the various patterns of interaction among them are such that they are mutually reinforcing. These interrelationships and interdependencies of the different types of interpersonal trust must be taken into account by researchers as they attempt to understand the impact of trust on virtual collaborative relationship performance.

Book
24 Nov 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, three levels of social influence are considered in decreasing order of inclusiveness, starting with the surrounding culture and subculture, moving on to the more delimited organization or group, and finally focusing on the interpersonal setting.
Abstract: Within psychology, emotion is often treated as something private and personal. In contrast, this book tries to understand emotion from the 'outside,' by examining the everyday social settings in which it operates. Three levels of social influence are considered in decreasing order of inclusiveness, starting with the surrounding culture and subculture, moving on to the more delimited organization or group, and finally focusing on the interpersonal setting.

01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The Incredible Years Dinosaur Social Skills and ProblemSolving Child Training Program as discussed by the authors is a small group treatment program for young children who were diagnosed with oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, which is adapted for use by preschool and elementary teachers as a prevention curriculum designed to increase the social, emotional, and academic competence, and decrease problem behaviors of all children in the classroom.
Abstract: The ability of young children to manage their emotions and behaviors and to make meaningful friendships is an important prerequisite for school readiness and academic success. Socially competent children are also more academically successful and poor social skills are a strong predictor of academic failure. This article describes The Incredible Years Dinosaur Social Skills and ProblemSolving Child Training Program, which teaches skills such as emotional literacy, empathy or perspective taking, friendship and communication skills, anger management, interpersonal problem solving, and how to be successful at school. The program was first evaluated as a small group treatment program for young children who were diagnosed with oppositional defiant and conduct disorders. More recently the program has been adapted for use by preschool and elementary teachers as a prevention curriculum designed to increase the social, emotional, and academic competence, and decrease problem behaviors of all children in the classroom. The content, methods, and teaching processes of this classroom curriculum are discussed. Key words: behavior problems, emotional regulation, problem-solving, school readiness, social competence

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define interpersonal conflict as a dynamic process that occurs between interdependent parties as they experience negative emotional reactions to perceived disagreements and interference with the attainment of their goals and present a two-dimensional framework and a typology of interpersonal conflict that incorporates previous conceptualizations of the construct.
Abstract: The lack of a clear conceptualization and operationalization of the construct of interpersonal conflict makes it difficult to compare the results of different studies and hinders the accumulation of knowledge in the conflict domain. Defining interpersonal conflict as a dynamic process that occurs between interdependent parties as they experience negative emotional reactions to perceived disagreements and interference with the attainment of their goals, the present paper presents a two‐dimensional framework and a typology of interpersonal conflict that incorporates previous conceptualizations of the construct. The first dimension of the framework identifies three properties generally associated with conflict situations: disagreement, negative emotion, and interference. The framework's second dimension identifies two targets of interpersonal conflict encountered in organizational settings: task and interpersonal relationship. Based on this framework, the paper highlights several shortcomings of current conceptualizations and operationalizations of interpersonal conflict in the organizational literature, and provides suggestions for their remedy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors draw on media synchronicity theory to identify the functionalities of the wide range of ICTs available today, and map these functionalities onto the salient communication needs of 3 key interpersonal processes: conflict management, motivation and confidence building, and affect management.
Abstract: This article addresses the broad question, How can virtual teams that manage a majority of their interactions through information and communication technologies (ICTs) be made more effective? Focusing specifically on interpersonal interactions, the task-technology fit paradigm is used as the foundation for a theoretical model that seeks to identify how such teams can match available communication technologies to the different types of interpersonal interactions in which they engage. The authors draw on media synchronicity theory to identify the functionalities of the wide range of ICTs available today, and map these functionalities onto the salient communication needs of 3 key interpersonal processes: (a) conflict management, (b) motivation and confidence building, and (c) affect management. The model also incorporates a temporal dimension examining how the communication needs, and hence, the need for ICT functionality, varies depending on the virtual team's developmental stage. Opportunities for future research arising from the theoretical model are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline three features of this transformation: an increasing focus on the nature of, changes in, and the developmental impact of adolescents' relationships with significant others; the expansion and diversification of networks of significant others during adolescence; and recognition of significant interrelations among these relationships.
Abstract: In the past quarter century, research on adolescence has expanded from a near exclusive focus on intraindividual processes to a concern with individuals in an interpersonal context. Today, studies of the impact of relationships within families, with peers, and with romantic partners account for a large proportion of research in the field. This article outlines three features of this transformation: an increasing focus on the nature of, changes in, and the developmental impact of adolescents’ relationships with significant others; the expansion and diversification of networks of significant others during adolescence; and the recognition of significant interrelations among these relationships. Contemporary studies require research designs that encompass multiple significant relationships and that assess a broad range of relationship properties.

BookDOI
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The Interpersonal Motive as an Explanatory Construct Attachment and the Stress of Separation Communion and Agency in Interpersonal Interactions The Self-Image and Interpersonal Processes The Dependent and Avoidant Personality Disorders The Obsessive-Compulsive and Paranoid Personality Disorders Syndromes and Axis I Disorders: Depressive and Panic Disorders Difficulty Regulating Impulses, Thoughts, and Behavior: Obsessionive-compulsive disorders and Eating Disorders Diffuse Identity and Lack of Long-Term Direction: The Histrionic Personality Disorder and Other Related Disorders Split Identity and
Abstract: Introduction to the Interpersonal Approach The Interpersonal Motive as an Explanatory Construct Attachment and the Stress of Separation Communion and Agency in Interpersonal Interactions The Self-Image and Interpersonal Processes The Dependent and Avoidant Personality Disorders The Obsessive-Compulsive and Paranoid Personality Disorders Syndromes and Axis I Disorders: Depressive and Panic Disorders Difficulty Regulating Impulses, Thoughts, and Behavior: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Eating Disorders Diffuse Identity and Lack of Long-Term Direction: The Histrionic Personality Disorder and Other Related Disorders Split Identity and Instability: Borderline Personality Disorder and Related Conditions Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Summary and Conclusions

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of secondary education teachers' interpersonal behavior is investigated by analysing data from two samples: a study on 45 Physics teachers and their 3rd-year classes and another study on 32 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers.
Abstract: In this study, the effectiveness of secondary education teachers' interpersonal behaviour is investigated by analysing data from 2 samples: a study on 45 Physics teachers and their 3rd-year classes and a study on 32 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and their 3rd-year classes. Teacher interpersonal behaviour was studied by means of students' perceptions of this behaviour, collected with the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). These perceptions include 2 important dimensions: Influence and Proximity. Results of multilevel analyses with various covariates indicated that Influence and Proximity were positively related to both cognitive and affective outcomes. Interpersonal behaviour explained up to more than half of the variance in student outcomes at the teacher-class level. The outcomes suggest that interpersonal behaviour as perceived by students may be an important variable for educational effectiveness researchers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An interpersonal stress model of depression transmission was tested in a community sample of depressed and never-depressed women and their 15-year-old children, and the association between maternal and child depression was entirely mediated by the predicted family and interpersonal stress effects.
Abstract: An interpersonal stress model of depression transmission was tested in a community sample of nearly 800 depressed and never-depressed women and their 15-year-old children. It was hypothesized that maternal depression (and depression in the maternal grandmother) contributed to chronic interpersonal stress in the mothers, affecting quality of parenting and youths' social competence. In turn, poor social functioning and interpersonal life events caused at least in part by the youths were predicted to be the proximal predictors of current depressive symptoms and diagnoses. Structural equation modeling confirmed the predicted associations among variables and the link between youth chronic and episodic interpersonal stress and depression. Additionally, the association between maternal and child depression was entirely mediated by the predicted family and interpersonal stress effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Incredible Years Dinosaur Social Skills and ProblemSolving Child Training Program as discussed by the authors is a small group treatment program for young children who were diagnosed with oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, which is adapted for use by preschool and elementary teachers as a prevention curriculum designed to increase the social, emotional, and academic competence, and decrease problem behaviors of all children in the classroom.
Abstract: The ability of young children to manage their emotions and behaviors and to make meaningful friendships is an important prerequisite for school readiness and academic success. Socially competent children are also more academically successful and poor social skills are a strong predictor of academic failure. This article describes The Incredible Years Dinosaur Social Skills and ProblemSolving Child Training Program, which teaches skills such as emotional literacy, empathy or perspective taking, friendship and communication skills, anger management, interpersonal problem solving, and how to be successful at school. The program was first evaluated as a small group treatment program for young children who were diagnosed with oppositional defiant and conduct disorders. More recently the program has been adapted for use by preschool and elementary teachers as a prevention curriculum designed to increase the social, emotional, and academic competence, and decrease problem behaviors of all children in the classroom. The content, methods, and teaching processes of this classroom curriculum are discussed. Key words: behavior problems, emotional regulation, problem-solving, school readiness, social competence

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Physician self-rated language ability and cultural competence are independently associated with patients’ reports of interpersonal process of care in patient-centered domains, providing empiric support for the importance of language andcultural competence in the primary care of Spanish-speaking patients.
Abstract: Language and cultural barriers to health communication among non–English-speaking patients may partly explain racial and ethnic disparities in processes and outcomes of health care.1–3 However, surprisingly little is known about how language and cultural barriers affect communication. Latinos are the largest ethnic minority in the US, but even for Latinos there are few data on health communication. Latinos with limited English proficiency have been shown to be less satisfied with their care compared with English-speaking Latinos or whites in primary care settings,4 and are less willing to return for a subsequent medical problem in emergency department settings.5 Studies that have examined the use and effect of interpreters reveal that patients with limited English proficiency often believe that interpreters should be used more than they are currently.6 However, even when interpreters are used, Spanish-speaking Latinos are less satisfied with their care than their English-speaking counterparts and are less likely to rate their provider as respectful and concerned about them.7 These studies and others8,9 suggest that language barriers have a negative impact on Spanish-speaking patients’ experiences of care. Yet, to date, studies have focused primarily on patients’ global ratings of satisfaction, either with clinical encounters or with interpreters. While satisfaction ratings are useful as a crude indicator of patient experience, what is lost in the communication process across a language barrier remains unclear. In addition, most of the empiric literature on communication with non–English-speaking patients has focused only on language barriers, and has not included considerations of cultural barriers. Cultural assumptions and expectations shape the doctor–patient relationship and may present a formidable barrier to effective care.10 Cultural competence has been defined as “the ability of health care providers and institutions to deliver effective services to racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse patient populations.”11 While much has been written about the need for culturally competent care, empiric evidence that cultural competence affects communication and the physician–patient relationship is lacking.2,12 Nor is it clear if cultural competence adds additional value to the clinical encounter for a language-proficient clinician. We investigated the association between primary care physicians’ self-rated language ability and self-rated cultural competence with reports of communication-related aspects of interpersonal processes of care of their Spanish-speaking patients with diabetes. The purpose of our study was twofold: 1) to explore the specific ways in which language ability affects health communication for Spanish speakers; and 2) to determine whether aspects of physicians’ self-rated cultural competence—other than Spanish language skill—affect health communication.

BookDOI
12 Apr 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of age stereotypes in intergenerational communication and the relationship between older adults and their families in the formation of relationships between generations of adults.
Abstract: Contents: Preface. Part I: The Experience of Aging. M. Hepworth, Images of Aging. A. O'Hanlon, P. Coleman, Attitudes Towards Aging: Adaptation, Development, and Growth Into Later Years. Part II: Language, Culture, and Social Aging. N. Coupland, Age in Social and Sociolinguistic Theory. M.L. Hummert, T.A. Garstka, E.B. Ryan, J.L. Bonnesen, The Role of Age Stereotypes in Interpersonal Communication. A. Williams, J. Harwood, Intergenerational Communication: Intergroup, Accommodation, and Family Perspectives. V. Barker, H. Giles, J. Harwood, Inter- and Intragroup Perspectives on Intergenerational Communication. L.L. Pecchioni, H. Ota, L. Sparks, Cultural Issues in Communication and Aging. Part III: The Communicative Construction of Relationships in Later Life. K.L. Henwood, Adult Parent-Child Relationships: A View From Feminist and Discursive Social Psychology. M-L. Mares, M.A. Fitzpatrick, Communication in Close Relationships of Older People. V.C. McKay, R.S. Caverly, The Nature of Family Relationships Between and Within Generations: Relations Between Grandparents, Grandchildren, and Siblings in Later Life. W.K. Rawlins, Friendships in Later Life. Part IV: Organizational Communication. M.J. Bergstrom, M.E. Holmes, Organizational Communication and Aging: Age-Related Processes in Organizations. A.L. Balazs, Marketing to the Older Adults. M. Bernard, C. Phillipson, Retirement and Leisure. Part V: Political and Mass Communication. S.J. Holladay, W.T. Coombs, The Political Power of Seniors. L.L. Kaid, J. Garner, The Portrayal of Older Adults in Political Advertising. J.D. Robinson, T. Skill, J.W. Turner, Media Usage Patterns and Portrayals of Seniors. Part VI: Health Communication. T.L. Thompson, J.D. Robinson, A.E. Beisecker, The Older Patient-Physician Interaction. K. Grainger, Communication and the Institutionalized Elderly. K.B. Wright, J.L. Query, Online Support and Older Adults: A Theoretical Examination of Benefits and Limitations of Computer-Mediated Support Networks for Older Adults and Possible Health Outcomes. Part VII: Senior Adult Education. F. Glendenning, Education for Older Adults: Lifelong Learning, Empowerment, and Social Change. D.K. Baringer, A.L. Kundrat, J.F. Nussbaum, Instructional Communication and Older Adults.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new interpersonal approach to self-enhancement decomposes self-Perception into 3 components: perceiver effect, target effect, and unique self-perception and suggests that this resulting measure of self- enhancement is less confounded by unwanted components of interpersonal perception than previous social comparison and self-insight measures.
Abstract: Self-enhancement bias has been studied from 2 perspectives: L. Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory (self-enhancers perceive themselves more positively than they perceive others) and G. W. Allport's (1937) self-insight theory (self-enhancers perceive themselves more positively than they are perceived by others). These 2 perspectives are theoretically and empirically distinct, and the failure to recognize their differences has led to a protracted debate. A new interpersonal approach to self-enhancement decomposes self-perception into 3 components: perceiver effect, target effect, and unique self-perception. Both theoretical derivations and an illustrative study suggest that this resulting measure of self-enhancement is less confounded by unwanted components of interpersonal perception than previous social comparison and self-insight measures. Findings help reconcile conflicting views about whether self-enhancement is adaptive or maladaptive.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a social-cognitive conceptual framework for the study of team coordination and communication is offered, based on research on social cognition and from industrial and organizational psychology, and an overview of the type of methods that could be used to measure aspects of teamwork and communication in sport is provided.
Abstract: The cognitive properties and processes of teams have not been considered in sport psychology research. These properties and processes extend beyond the sum of the cognitive properties and processes of the constituent members of the team to include factors unique to teams, such as team coordination and communication. A social-cognitive conceptual framework for the study of team coordination and communication is offered, based on research on social cognition and from industrial and organizational psychology. This is followed by a discussion of coordination and communication in expert teams. In addition, an overview of the type of methods that could be used to measure aspects of team coordination and communication in sport is provided. The framework and methods afford hypothesis generation for empirical research on coordination and communication in sport teams, a means to begin examining these constructs in sport, and a theoretical base with which to reconcile the resultant data.