Showing papers on "Interpersonal communication published in 2022"

Suspicion of institutions: How distrust and conspiracy theories deteriorate social relationships.

Abstract: Many citizens distrust powerful societal institutions, and hold conspiracy theories about them. What are the implications of this suspicion of institutions for people’s social relationships? The current paper proposes that institutions have at least two functions to regulate citizens’ social relationships: providing people with a sense of safety, and providing models for group norms and values. Suspicion of institutions undermines both of these functions, and therefore yields a range of negative societal outcomes by impacting people’s interpersonal, within-group, and between-group relationships. More specifically, suspicion of institutions reduces trust between strangers, within-group cooperation, commitment, and prosocial behavior, and increases prejudice, intergroup conflict, polarization, and extremism. We conclude that institutional distrust and conspiracy theories erode the fabric of society.

Be smart, play dumb? A transactional perspective on day-specific knowledge hiding, interpersonal conflict, and psychological strain:

Abstract: Research on knowledge hiding, the intentional attempt to withhold knowledge that others have requested, strikingly shows its detrimental consequences. But, if it has only negative effects, why do e...

Suspicion of institutions: How distrust and conspiracy theories deteriorate social relationships

Abstract: Many citizens distrust powerful societal institutions, and hold conspiracy theories about them. What are the implications of this suspicion of institutions for people's social relationships? The current paper proposes that institutions have at least two functions to regulate citizens' social relationships: providing people with a sense of safety, and providing models for group norms and values. Suspicion of institutions undermines both of these functions, and therefore yields a range of negative societal outcomes by impacting people's interpersonal, within-group, and between-group relationships. More specifically, suspicion of institutions reduces trust between strangers, within-group cooperation, commitment, and prosocial behavior, and increases prejudice, intergroup conflict, polarization, and extremism. We conclude that institutional distrust and conspiracy theories erode the fabric of society.

Interpersonal Communication : Putting Theory into Practice

Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction WHAT IS INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION? INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS AN ART INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS A SCIENCE SUMMARY PART 1: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 2. Culture WHAT IS CULTURE? CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION SUMMARY Chapter 3. Self and Identity WHAT IS THE SELF? IDENTITY: HOW YOU COMMUNICATE YOUR SELF HOW IDENTITIES CHANGE SUMMARY Chapter 4. Perception and Attribution WHAT IS PERCEPTION? WHAT IS ATTRIBUTION? FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION PART 2: INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION Chapter 5. Verbal Messages WHAT IS VERBAL COMMUNICATION? THE RULES OF LANGUAGE FACTORS THAT AFFECT LANGUAGE USE BIASED LANGUAGE SUMMARY Chapter 6. Nonverbal Messages WHAT IS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION? THE FUNCTIONS OF NONVERBAL MESSAGES INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES COMBINING VERBAL AND NONVERBAL CUES SUMMARY Chapter 7. Emotions WHAT ARE EMOTIONS? FEELINGS AND COMMUNICATION INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES THE DARK SIDE OF EMOTIONS IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS SUMMARY Chapter 8. Dynamic Listening WHAT IS LISTENING? ACTIVE LISTENING LISTENING FOR RELATIONSHIP INFORMATION SUMMARY PART 3: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Chapter 9. Developing Relationships FORMING RELATIONSHPS ESCALATING RELATIONSHIPS ENDING RELATIONSHIPS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG SUMMARY Chapter 10. Intimate Relationships WHAT IS INTIMACY? MAINTAINING INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN INTIMACY EXTREMES OF INTIMACY SUMMARY Chapter 11. Families WHAT IS A FAMILY? COMMUNICATION IN FAMILY SYSTEMS THE FAMILY LIFESPAN SUMMARY PART 4: STRATEGIC INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Chapter 12. Influence GOALS INFLUENCE MESSAGES INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCE IN ACTION SUMMARY Chapter 13. Managing Conflict WHAT IS CONFLICT? MANAGING CONFLICT CONFLICT DYNAMICS SUMMARY Chapter 14. Comfort and Support PROVIDING COMFORT INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES COMFORT WHEN IT COUNTS SUMMARY

European Society of Clinical Pharmacy definition of the term clinical pharmacy and its relationship to pharmaceutical care: a position paper

Abstract: Many definitions of the term clinical pharmacy exist, but a number of ambiguities remain. In order to clarify the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) position on what defines clinical pharmacy, a consultation exercise was conducted among ESCP members with the findings used as the basis for an updated definition. The updated definition clarifies that clinical pharmacy (1) represents both a professional practice and field of research, (2) aims to optimise the utilisation of medicines in order to achieve person-centered and public health goals, (3) as a practice encompasses cognitive, managerial and interpersonal activities targeting all stages of the medicines use process, and as a field of research generates knowledge that informs clinical decision-making, health care organisation or policy, (4) as a practice is restricted to pharmacists, (5) can be practiced regardless of setting, and (6) encompasses pharmaceutical care but is not restricted to it.

Disordered, Disabled, Disregarded, Dismissed

Abstract: According to a popular line of thought, being excluded from interpersonal life is to be exempted from accountability, and vice versa. In ordinary life, this is most often illustrated by the treatment of people with serious psychological disorders. When people are excluded from valuable domains on the basis of their arbitrary characteristics (such as race and sex), they are discriminated against, prevented from receiving the benefits of participation in those domains for morally irrelevant reasons. Exemption from accountability—via exclusion from the interpersonal domain—seems to prevent exempted parties from receiving crucial human goods for morally irrelevant reasons. This chapter discusses two widely deployed ways of trying to ameliorate morally costly disabilities. Both fail to apply viably to various psychopathologies. The solution involves disentangling accountability and interpersonality in a way that also provides insights into our shared human nature.

Somebody is hiding something: Disentangling interpersonal level drivers and consequences of knowledge hiding in international entrepreneurial firms

Abstract: This research is set to address the scant research on the relationship between the key drivers and consequences of knowledge hiding within international entrepreneurial organisations at the interpersonal level. It further aims to compare knowledge hiding behaviour among international entrepreneurs in two diverse contexts of emerging countries versus advanced economies. Therefore, this research employs a total number of ten international entrepreneurs in Iran and Italy and takes advantage of the Multi-Criterion Decision-Making (MCDM) approach. In this regard, DEcision-MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is applied to disentangle the cause-effect relationship between knowledge hiding components and present conceptual frameworks for the interrelationship of knowledge hiding factors in each context. Furthermore, in order to assess the importance and ranking of factors in Italy and Iran Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is performed. As such, this research provides different contributions to the knowledge hiding literature as well as key implications for practitioners.

Psychometric Assessment of the Persian Translation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale With Undergraduate Students

Abstract: Interpersonal mindfulness is a construct that significantly contributes to social interaction. To date, no validated measure assessing interpersonal mindfulness has been developed in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and validate the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS) among Iranian undergraduate students. Participants in the study (370 undergraduate students; 220 females) from the Azad University completed the translated IMS, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Scale. The translated measure demonstrated acceptable face validity. All items had acceptable content validity and were deemed essential to the scale. The results of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed a scale with four subscales (presence, awareness of self and others, non-judgmental acceptance, and non-reactivity), with acceptable internal consistency. The findings support the psychometric properties of the Persian translated Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale, which could be used to measure interpersonal mindfulness among undergraduate students in Iran.

Analysis of Interpersonal Skill Learning Outcomes in Business English Students Class

Abstract: The research examines the interpersonal competence of student communication in the Business English study program. Interpersonal competence refers to the ability of individuals to collaborate and communicate in groups, both verbally and nonverbally. People with effective interpersonal skills will be sensitive to the feelings and emotions of others around them. This ability is a way to mea- sure the quality of interpersonal communication, which includes knowledge of the rules of nonverbal communication, such as physical contact and intimacy, knowledge of interaction by context, attention to the person to whom to com- municate, and attention to the amount. This is evidenced by the test results data of class A students of the Class of 2020, the average score obtained in the listening skill aspect is 53.56, the emotional intelligence aspect is 57.65, and verbal communication is 45. 47, communication in groups is 53.27, and the average score of students totalling 45 is 53.11. There are eleven students who are at a level below average, this happens because of several factors. Then the average score in class B class of 2020, in the aspect of listening skills is 53.35, emotional intelligence is 57.67, verbal communication is 47.47, and communi- cation in the group is 53.28 while the total average number of res throughout is 53.44. There were 21 students who were in the below-average category out of a total of 43. Based on the data obtained, it shows that the scores obtained by class A and B Year 2020 are not too significantly different, this happens because the students experience the same difficulties

Trust in physicians and trust in government predict COVID‐19 vaccine uptake

Abstract: Abstract Objective We consider how trust in government, trust in physicians, and interpersonal trust affect the likelihood of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake. Methods A survey of 3057 registered South Dakota voters was fielded in April 2021 that measured COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, three aspects of trust, and several other factors related to vaccine hesitancy. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the responses. Results We found positive, statistically significant, and substantively impactful effects for trust in government and trust in physicians on the likelihood of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, and null results for interpersonal trust. Conclusions Our findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between trust and COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, and suggest that public health official as well as physicians should strive to increase the public's trust in the medical community.

Different roles of interpersonal trust and institutional trust in COVID-19 pandemic control

Abstract: The absence of pharmaceutical interventions made it particularly difficult to mitigate the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study investigated how interpersonal trust and institutional trust influenced the control process. Trusts and COVID-19 data in 44 countries and 50 US states were analyzed; institutional trust was associated with case fatality rate, and interpersonal trust was associated with control speed. Two independent behavioral experiments showed that institutional trust manipulation increased participants’ willingness to complete the COVID-19 test and that interpersonal trust manipulation increased conscious compliance with prevention norms and decreased unnecessary outdoor activities. Agent-based modeling further confirmed these behavioral mechanisms for two types of trust in the COVID-19 control process. New interventions are needed to help countries heighten interpersonal and institutional trust as they continue to battle COVID-19 and other collective threats.

Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility

Abstract: In a time of societal acrimony, psychological scientists have turned to a possible antidote - intellectual humility. Interest in intellectual humility comes from diverse research areas, including researchers studying leadership and organizational behaviour, personality science, positive psychology, judgement and decision-making, education, culture, and intergroup and interpersonal relationships. In this Review, we synthesize empirical approaches to the study of intellectual humility. We critically examine diverse approaches to defining and measuring intellectual humility and identify the common element: a meta-cognitive ability to recognize the limitations of one's beliefs and knowledge. After reviewing the validity of different measurement approaches, we highlight factors that influence intellectual humility, from relationship security to social coordination. Furthermore, we review empirical evidence concerning the benefits and drawbacks of intellectual humility for personal decision-making, interpersonal relationships, scientific enterprise and society writ large. We conclude by outlining initial attempts to boost intellectual humility, foreshadowing possible scalable interventions that can turn intellectual humility into a core interpersonal, institutional and cultural value.

Something Personal from the Metaverse: Goals, Topics, and Contextual Factors of Self-Disclosure in Commercial Social VR

Abstract: Current Social VR literature provides limited insight on one of the most critical behaviors for developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships: self-disclosure. Therefore, we present an online survey (N = 126) investigating how users disclose personal information to each other in Social VR. Our results indicate that many participants see in Social VR access to authentic connections with others despite tending towards skepticism and privacy concerns. Most users disclose sexuality-related information, lifestyle preferences, and personal goals. In contrast, information that breaks anonymity, such as real names and more intimate aspects of oneself, are shared less commonly. Thereby, self-disclosure decisions depend on factors like the relationship to or age of disclosure recipients, the privacy of a virtual environment, the group size, or the activity context, and is driven by different goals, i.a., relational development or exploration of oneself. These insights advance the understanding of current Social VR users and their behavior by directing future research on self-disclosure-based relationship building in Social VR and outlying broader design implications for the future metaverse.

Effects of Sociodemographic Variables on Electronic Word of Mouth: Evidence from Emerging Economies

Abstract: Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) engagement on social networking sites (SNSs) is influenced by social relationship factors and this influence is assumed to be consistent. This study investigates the effects of social relationship variables in the context of emerging economies. It also observes the mediating role of social relationship variables in the relationship between conformity and eWOM. We hypothesized a moderating role of age, gender, and country of residence. The results revealed that social ties, trust, and interpersonal influence exert consistent impact and that conformity exerts positive indirect influence on eWOM engagement via social ties, trust, social capital, and interpersonal influence. It was found that age, gender moderate the observed relationship, while country plays no moderating role. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Using chatbots to support student goal setting and social presence in fully online activities: learner engagement and perceptions

Abstract: Although fully online learning is now the 'new normal' in many parts of the world, its implementation is often beset by challenges such as the lack of student self-regulation, and the sense of isolation. In this paper, we explored the use of chatbots to support student goal setting (Study 1) and social presence (Study 2) in online activities. In Study 1, participants in a fully online course were invited to complete a goal setting activity prior to attending class via a goal-setting chatbot. The chatbot engaged participants with five questions developed based on the SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely) goal setting framework. In Study 2, English-as-Foreign-Language participants in a fully online course were tasked to complete listening practices. The learning buddy chatbot was designed based on the social presence framework (interpersonal communication, open communication, cohesive communication) to guide students through listening exercises. In both Study 1 and 2, we evaluated participants' behavioral engagement by measuring their conversation records with the chatbots, as well as participants' perceived usefulness and ease of use of the chatbots. We also gathered in-depth interview data concerning the participants' perceptions of interacting with the chatbots. Overall, our findings found positive learner experiences with both chatbots with regard to the chatbots' perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. We also provided suggestions for instructors to apply chatbots in teaching and learning.

Effects of using mobile instant messaging on student behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract: Abstract Mobile instant messaging (MIM) has become the most popular means for young people to communicate. MIM apps typically come with a myriad of features that educators may leverage to increase student learning. However, it remains poorly understood to what extent and in what aspect MIM can facilitate student engagement. We address the gap by comparing the effects of using MIM and asynchronous online discussion (AOD) on student online engagement, using a quasi-experimental study involving a historical cohort control group. Understanding which communication mode can better promote student online engagement is particularly important during the current widespread use of online learning. Specifically, we examined engagement from the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. The results showed that the MIM group was more behaviorally engaged in discussion activities, producing more messages, more words, and higher rates of participation, task completion, and interaction. Emotionally, no statistically significant difference was found in students’ affective evaluation of course interaction and satisfaction between the two groups. However, MIM appeared to help students with improved intimacy and interpersonal relationships. Cognitively, the MIM group was more engaged than the AOD group. In particular, MIM seemed to facilitate interactive idea exchange and thus contributing to more “creating” activities. We conclude by providing suggestions for future instructional practice and research directions.

Dealing with loss in the face of disasters and crises: Integrating interpersonal theories of couple adaptation and functioning.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the significant and varied losses that couples can experience during times of global and regional disasters and crises. What factors determine how couples navigate their close relationships during times of loss? In this paper, we elaborate and extend on one of the most influential frameworks in relationship science-the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model (VSAM, Karney and Bradbury, 1995)-to enhance the model's power to explain relationships during loss-themed disasters/crises. We do so by elaborating on attachment theory and integrating interdependence theory (emphasizing partner similarities and differences). Our elaboration and extension to the VSAM provides a comprehensive framework to guide future research and inform practice and policy in supporting relationships during and beyond loss-themed disasters/crises.