Interpersonal communication

About: Interpersonal communication is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26243 publications have been published within this topic receiving 767999 citations.

To Share or Not to Share: When Do Toddlers Respond to Another's Needs?

Abstract: The developmental origins of sharing remain little understood. Using procedures adapted from research on prosocial behavior in chimpanzees, we presented 18- and 25-month-old children with a sharing task in which they could choose to deliver food to themselves only, or to both themselves and another person, thereby making it possible for them to share without personal sacrifice. The potential recipient, a friendly adult, was either silent about her needs and wants or made them explicit. Both younger and older toddlers chose randomly when the recipient was silent. However, when the recipient vocalized her desires 25-month-olds shared, whereas younger children did not. Thus, we demonstrate that children voluntarily share valued resources with others by the end of the second year of life, but that this depends on explicit communicative cues about another's need or desire.

Circumplex scales of interpersonal values: reliability, validity, and applicability to interpersonal problems and personality disorders.

Abstract: Three studies describe the development, psychometric properties, and potential utility of a new self-report measure, the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values (CSIV). The CSIV was designed to complement other interpersonal circumplex measures that assess interpersonal behavior by efficiently assessing a comprehensive set of agentic and communal values. The eight 8-item scales of the CSIV were shown to have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability and a circumplex structure. The CSIV showed convergent and discriminant validity with measures of interpersonal traits (the Bem Sex Role Inventory; Bem, 1974), interpersonal problems (the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex; Horowitz, 2000), implicit interpersonal motives (the Thematic Apperception Test; see Atkinson, 1958), and interpersonal goals (the Interpersonal Goals Inventory; Dryer & Horowitz, 1997). Finally, the locations of the MCMI-III (Millon, 1994) personality disorder scales on the CSIV circumplex generally mirrored the locations of personality disorders on other interpersonal circumplex measures.

Sociolinguistics and Corpus Linguistics

Abstract: 1. Introduction: Corpus approaches to sociolinguistics 2. Corpora and sociolinguistic variation 3. Englishes around the World 4. Diachronic variation 5. Corpora and interpersonal communication 6. Uncovering discourses 7. Conclusion.

Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age

Abstract: It is well documented that aging is associated with cognitive declines in many domains. Yet it is a common lay belief that some aspects of thinking improve into old age. Specifically, older people are believed to show better competencies for reasoning about social dilemmas and conflicts. Moreover, the idea of aging-related gains in wisdom is consistent with views of the aging mind in developmental psychology. However, to date research has provided little evidence corroborating this assumption. We addressed this question in two studies, using a representative community sample. We asked participants to read stories about intergroup conflicts and interpersonal conflicts and predict how these conflicts would unfold. We show that relative to young and middle-aged people, older people make more use of higher-order reasoning schemes that emphasize the need for multiple perspectives, allow for compromise, and recognize the limits of knowledge. Our coding scheme was validated by a group of professional counselors and wisdom researchers. Social reasoning improves with age despite a decline in fluid intelligence. The results suggest that it might be advisable to assign older individuals to key social roles involving legal decisions, counseling, and intergroup negotiations. Furthermore, given the abundance of research on negative effects of aging, this study may help to encourage clinicians to emphasize the inherent strengths associated with aging.

The Influence of Personality and Demographic Variables on Ethical Decisions Related to Insider Trading

Abstract: We investigated the influence of the following variables on individuals' ethical decisions related to insider trading: interpersonal competitiveness, locus of control, need for achievement, self-esteem, religious beliefs, frequency of attendance at religious services, social class, parents' annual income, year in college, college major, college GPA, exposure to an ethics course, age, and gender. Upper division business students (N = 201) were asked to read eight vignettes that depicted ethical dilemmas involving insider trading and to indicate what they would do in each case. The findings indicated that interpersonal competitiveness, locus of control, religious beliefs, age, and gender may be important influences on individuals' levels of ethicality.