Showing papers on "Interpersonal relationship published in 1968"

Interaction and adaptation: Intimacy as a critical variable.

Abstract: This study is one of a series devoted to the analysis of the relation between adult socialization patterns and adaptation Panel data collected for an older sample are drawn upon to document further the equivocal nature of this relationship when conventional measures of social role and interaction are compared with three different types of indicators of adaptation The comparative importance, respectively, of social privilege and social deprivation for adaptation varies in accordance with the subjectivity of adaptive measure used It also differs for self as compared with professional appraisals of well-being Regardless of the overall pattern of these interrelationships, deviant cells are sizeable The introduction of a variable bearing on the quality of social relationships, in this case the presence or absence of a confidant, helps considerably to explicate both sets of findings The presence of an intimate relationship serves as a buffer both against gradual social losses in role and interaction and against the more traumatic losses accompanying widowhood and retirement Age and sex differences may have implications for the differential in the survival rates of men and women, as well as for the relation between socialization patterns and adaptation at earlier stages of the lifespan

The Development of Interpersonal Relationships: Social Penetration Processes

Abstract: (1968). The Development of Interpersonal Relationships: Social Penetration Processes. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 79-90.

Dating and physical attractiveness: Replication.

Abstract: Walster, et al. (1966) held a dance at the University of Minnesota at which 752 men and women were randomly paired to form 376 couples. Ss did not know their dates prior to contact at the dance. Although a number of hypotheses were made relating different measures to the desire for future dating, the only correlate with desire to date has been the partner's social desirability, operationally defined in the study as the parrner's rated physical attractiveness. The present smdy is n replication of Walster with several minor changes. The number of Ss, college freshmen and sophomores, is smaller; N = 58. Thus 29 couples, strangers before the dance, were randomly formed with the qualification that the boy be mller than the girl, as in the original scudy. The small N made the dance manageable and conceivably allowed Ss to interact with several other people present. Another measure of social desirability was gathered in addition co physical attractiveness: the parrner's \"sociability\" defined by the question, \"How sociable or outgoing does your date seem?\" Questions also asked about similarity of interests, animdes, religious orientation, values, and intelligence of date. All questions were answered on a 7-point scale. \"lnterescs\" was not an item on the Walster questionnaire. In addition, the question was asked, \"Is there anyone else here at the party who you would like to dare in the fumre. If so, whom?\" The questionnaire was administered to men and women in separate rooms 2 hr. after the dance started. The criterion measure was the question, \"Would you like to go out with your date in the future?\" Ss answered on a 7-point scale ranging from definitely to definitely not. The following Pearsonian correlation coefficients give the relationship between the predictors and \"desire to date\" criterion: physical attractiveness, s = .89; sociable, s = .60; similar interests, r = .64 (df = 56, p < .O1 in all cases). There were no differences between predictor and criterion for men and women. For both sexes the attractiveness-desire to date correlation was .89 (df = 27, p < .01). The question asking who else might be dated yielded 1 4 names, 13 of whom were rated as very attractive ( 6 or 7 on a 7-point scale) by the person's date and by two independent raters who acted as chaperones. Assuming that the names of 7 attractive people would have been obtained by chance, 13 people out of 14 is significant at the .O1 level by a binomial test. N o other correlates of desire to date were found. The findings strongly support the Walscer data, especially the high correlation between attractiveness and desire to date. This correlation also supports the notion that it is very rewarding to be with someone who is physically attractive.

Interpersonal Relationships: U.S.A. 2000

Abstract: Man's greatest problem, at this point in our swiftly changing technological progress, concerns our ability to assimilate change. With the population doubling during the next generation, can we huma...

The influence of nursery school on social interactions.

Abstract: Age of entrance to nursery school and length of preschool attendance are shown not to have a significant influence on the frequency of children's interactions with each other or with teachers in kindergarten. However, negative interactions with other children decreased and negative interactions with teachers increased for those children who had been in school longest.

An Interpersonal Ethic for Communication

Abstract: A modern rhetoric has developed concerning itself with considerably more dimensions of speech than was the case with traditional rhetoric's concentration on persuasion and public address. Indeed, this modern rhetoric has expanded its domain to include the whole range of types of oral communication. But while this very basic kind of evolution has been taking place, it appears that a corresponding ethic (an interpersonal one) has not emerged. The authors make bold to try to stimulate that study. The interpersonal ethic proposed in the article can be stated as follows: A's communication is ethical to the extent that it accepts B's responses; it is unethical to the extent to which it develops hostility toward B's responses, or in some way tries to subjugate B. The ethic can be observed best, the authors believe, when A discovers that B rejects the message A is sending. Such an ethic springs from the following assumptions: (1) By virtue of the very nature of the communicative act, the two parties to a communication exercise control over each other. Both the listener and the speaker are, in part, at the other's mercy. (2) One of the highest values in a democratic culture is that conditions be created and maintained in which the potential of the individual is best realized. (3) The individual will be able to realize his potential to the extent that psychological freedom can be increased for him. An interpersonal ethic, the article suggests, may have more to do with the attitude of the speaker and listener toward each other than with elements of the message (as in the more traditional rhetoric). It may concern itself more with loyalty to the person with whom one is in communication than to rationality or cosmic truth.

Individual Change in a Management Development Program

Abstract: Research into laboratory processes and outcomes has suffered from a lack of precise methods and continuity of effort essential to the construction of empirically grounded theoretical models of learning and behavior change. Data are presented here from a study of perceived behavior changes in employees of a large industrial concern one year after their participation in training.Participants are seen by co-workers as increasing significantly more than controls in effective initiation and assertiveness, in capacity for collaboration and operational skill in interpersonal relations, and in diagnostic awareness of self and the ability to fulfill perceived needs.Further systematic inquiry into the determinants of laboratory education is needed to complete the spectrum of alternative designs and outcomes.

Family Structure in a Disabled Population

Abstract: Disability of the breadwinner has serious consequences for the family. In addition to severe economic problems, such families experience a disruption of roles and strained interpersonal relations. This paper is concerned with the variations in structure of families with a disabled breadwinner. Family types were constructed utilizing age, sex, and marital status of the disabled person in addition to presence and age of children and generational factors as important dimensions. The distribution of a disabled population of breadwinners among these family types is presented. Factors believed to bear an influence upon family structure are introduced: sex, age, race, size of community of residence, and severity of disability. This paper is a step toward bridging the gap in research between theoretical models of family structure and empirical reality.

Supervisory Behavior and Interpersonal Relations

Abstract: In this article, the author, who is Associate Professor of Education, Syracuse University, poses the following questions: Are teachers' perceptions of their supervisors' styles related to the quality of interpersonal relations that teachers see existing between themselves and their supervisors? Do differential descriptions of behavioral styles produce different perceptions of the interpersonal relationship?

Perspectives on the Atomistic-Type Society: Introduction

Abstract: The atomistic-type of society, which is the concern of the following papers, is a society in which the nuclear family represents the major structural unit and, indeed, almost the only formalized social entity. Interpersonal relationships outside of the nuclear family are characterized by contention, suspiciousness, and invidiousness. Moreover, these attitudes and behavior are normative. Observations of interpersonal relationships found in each of the four articles are replicated by other authors whose work has been with closely related groups. Thus, the quality of interpersonal relations in each society is not in dispute. They are, in fact, a phenomenological reality and not a function of the selective perception of our contributors; the data exist "out there," not in the mind of the observer.

Friendship to the Death in Rural Thai Society

Abstract: With reference to a growing literature on interpersonal relations in peasant societies, Foster has asserted that peasants typically exhibit the following characteristics: distrust of the intentions of others; noncooperativeness; inability or unwillingness to seek interpersonal involvement; and friendlessness. He notes in addition the widespread occurrence of what might be termed a deus ex machina complex: a heavy reliance on patron-client relationships in a variety of critical situations, and an emphasis on luck or magic as explanations of either success or failure. Here I shall comment only upon the first of these two clusters of traits.

Altruism, extraversion, and mental illness.

Abstract: (1968). Altruism, Extraversion, and Mental Illness. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 19-30.