Showing papers on "Interpersonal relationship published in 1979"
1,011 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the social network approach, its origins, key concepts, and methods, and apply the network approach in a comparative analysis of two organizations and argue for its use in organizational settings.
Abstract: This article introduces the social network approach — its origins, key concepts, and methods. We argue for its use in organizational settings and apply the network approach in a comparative analysis of two organizations.
989 citations
866 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of cancer on the patient's interpersonal relationships and the ultimate impact of these relationships on patient's emotional adjustment to the disease was explored. But, the authors focused on the effect on the patients' interpersonal relationships.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the effect of cancer on the patient's interpersonal relationships, and the ultimate impact of these relationships on the patient's emotional adjustment to the disease. In a detailed theoretical analysis, both the patient's reaction to the illness and others' responses toward the patient are explored. Concerning the patient, the following issues are discussed: (1) fears and uncertainties that develop as one attempts to cope with the diagnosis; (2) the consequent need for clarification and support; and (3) the barriers to receiving validation and support from others. Others' reactions to the patient are hypothesized to be a function of a conflict between (1) their feelings about the illness, which are predominantly negative; and (2) their beliefs about appropriate behaviors to display when interacting with cancer patients (optimism and cheerfulness). This conflict results in behavioral responses that are unintentionally damaging to the patient, including physical avoidance, avoidance of open discussion of the illness, and discrepancies among behaviors. The impact of others' behavior on the patient and the patient's subsequent attempts to solve their interpersonal problems are discussed. The paper concludes with implications for intervention and research.
515 citations
352 citations
203 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1979
189 citations
172 citations
170 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the five most frequently utilized strategies of relational conflict resolution were tested and three propositions were examined: same and opposite sex friends indicated that they utilized significantly different conflict strategies, and the third proposition, frequently used conflict strategies discriminated between levels of relational satisfaction.
Abstract: The present study delineates the five most frequently utilized strategies of relational conflict resolution. Three propositions were tested. In examining the first proposition, same and opposite sex friends indicated that they utilized significantly different conflict strategies. In testing proposition two, males and females reported that they employ different strategies with their same but not opposite sex friends. In probing the third proposition, frequently used conflict strategies discriminated between levels of relational satisfaction.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the quality, rather than quantity, of social interaction is crucial to understanding adaptations to old age.
Abstract: Problems of social and psychological adjustment in later life have been examined by numerous investigators. Some have found positive relationships between social interaction and personal adjustment, while others have found interaction and adjustment to be unrelated. The purpose of the research reported here was to examine how different ways of measuring interaction may affect its relationship with personal adjustment. Data were obtained in interviews with 218 noninstitutionalized persons aged 70 and older. Findings indicate that both the number of persons interacted with, and the frequency of this interaction, are of little importance for the adjustment of older people. We suggest that the quality, rather than quantity, of social interaction is crucial to understanding adaptations to old age.
TL;DR: Sex differences in the processes of identity and intimacy development among college youth are examined in the context of Eriksonian theory, which seemed more adequate in explaining male than female development.
Abstract: This study examined sex differences in the processes of identity and intimacy development among college youth. Fifty males, and 50 females were given measures of identity status, intimacy status, and self-esteem. Males were found to focus on intrapersonal aspects of identity status, intimacy status, and self-esteem. Males were found to focus on intrapersonal aspects of identity, females on interpersonal aspects. The pursuit of various identity development pathways affected self-esteem differentially for the two sexes. More females than males were found to be intimate and the achievement of intimacy seemed more closely related to identity in males than in females. The findins were interpreted in the context of Eriksonian theory, which seemed more adequate in explaining male than female development.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that relationships which exist between many family life variables and stages in the family life cycle disappear when the effect of length of marriage is removed from the relationships.
Abstract: A number of issues related to individual and family life are studied as they vary across stages of the family life cycle. Strong relationships are found between stages in the family life cycle and a number of such issues. Further analysis which seeks to determine the manifest dimensions of the family life cycle indicates that the major empirically important dimensions qf the family life cycle are the presence qf children and length of marriage. Finally, it is shown that relationships which exist between many family life variables and stages in the family life cycle disappear when the effect of length of marriage is removed from the relationships. It is suggested that the applicability qf family life cycle analysis could be considerably extended by recognition of the crucial empirical importance of the length of marriage and the simple presence or absence of children.
TL;DR: Correlation coefficients showed a positive association between the measures of social support and morale and a negative correlation among family cohesion, presence of a confidant, and changes in social functioning.
Abstract: The findings reported in the literature on the relationship between social support and adaptation to illness are ambiguous and, in some cases, contradictory. The present study sought to examine the relationship among support factors, medical status, and adaptation to chronic illness in 36 hemodialysis patients. Social support was measured on three dimensions: family environment (family cohesion and family expressiveness), level of spouse support, and presence of a confidant. Adaptation was assessed in terms of morale and changes in social functioning since the onset of dialysis. Data collection was done through unstructured interviews, mailed questionnaires, observation, and review of medical records. Correlation coefficients showed a positive association between the measures of social support and morale and a negative correlation among family cohesion, presence of a confidant, and changes in social functioning.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used network analysis to examine differences in the social networks of mental health clients to identify factors associated with positive social adjustment, and found that better functioning chronic clients emphasized professional contacts, whereas more poorly adjusted chronic clients would look to friends for support.
Abstract: The general importance of an individual's support network has been recognized in the field of community mental health; yet a more detailed understanding of how a client's available social ties may contribute to his or her adjustment is presently lacking. This study used network analysis to examine differences in the social networks of mental health clients to identify factors associated with positive social adjustment. Subjects were selected from three different types of mental health programs as well as from the general population of Marion County, Oregon. Results generally revealed that subjects from the community sample more often would look to immediate family members for support. Better functioning chronic clients emphasized professional contacts, whereas more poorly adjusted chronic clients would look to friends for support. The results have implications both for understanding the nature of the support available to a client and mobilizing the support resources of the existing network of relationships to aid adjustment to community living.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an attempt to bridge these two disciplines by studying family interaction within a sample of families with 15-month-old infants, and find that wives may have a greater influence on fathering than do husbands on mothering.
Abstract: Traditionally, family sociologists have devoted themselves to the study qf the marital relationship, while developmental psychologists have directed their attention toward the parent-child relationship. The present study represents an attempt to bridge these two disciplines by studying family interaction within a sample of families with 15-month-old infants. Data collected during naturalistic home-based observations are analyzed to explore the interface of husband-wife and parent-infant interactions. Three patterns emerge from this analysis suggesting that: (1) wives may have a greater influence on fathering than do husbands on mothering; (2) in some families spousal interaction may preclude active involvement in parenting; and (3) in other families active parental involvement may provide the basis for pleasurable spousal interaction. Given the nature of the family system, it is concluded that complete understanding of parenting and the spousal relationship can only be achieved if research is carried out on an interdisciplinar~ basis. A conceptual model fbr the study qf family interaction during the years when the child is an infant is proposed.
TL;DR: The authors found that females are most likely to commit delinquent acts in groups, particularly mixed-sex groups, in contrast to the traditional stereotype of females passively accompanying a romantic partner, and their explanations for their participation also depart from feminine stereotypes and resemble explanations most often associated with male delinquents.
Abstract: The popular notion that the women's movement is responsible for an increase in female crime oversimplifies the concept of liberation. Distinctions are made between women's traditionality or nontraditionality in various roles—societal, familial or interpersonal, and within the realm of the criminal act itself. Data derived from a questionnaire administered in three urban high schools and two state institutions for girls suggest that there is little or no association between liberated attitudes and self-reported delinquency involvement. But at the level of the criminal act itself, there is evidence of perhaps more significant change. Females are most likely to commit delinquent acts in groups, particularly mixed-sex groups, in contrast to the traditional stereotype of females passively accompanying a romantic partner. Their explanations for their participation also depart from feminine stereotypes and resemble explanations most often associated with male delinquents.
TL;DR: In this article, an interactionist perspective is used to show the influence of community in the well-being of people, and the concept of self-actualization is discussed in terms of the humanist concept.
Abstract: An interactionist perspective is used to show the influence of community in the well‐being of people. Well‐being is discussed in terms of the humanist concept of self‐actualization. The thesis is d...
01 Oct 1979
TL;DR: Asher and Gottman as mentioned in this paper described the development of friendship as a process of mutual information exchange between two individuals, and discussed the role of social media in this process, including social networks.
Abstract: "This paper will appear as a chapter in S.R. Asher and J.M. Gottman (Eds.), The development of friendship, Cambridge University Press."
TL;DR: In this paper, problems in assessing interpersonal accuracy are discussed, and then addressed in an empirical study of the perception of trustworthiness in person perception, and the authors present an approach to studying the ac curacy of person perception.
Abstract: This paper presents an approach to studying ac curacy in person perception. Problems in assessing interpersonal accuracy are discussed, and then addressed in an empirical study of the perception of...