Showing papers on "Interpersonal relationship published in 2022"
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27 Jan 2022TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of interpersonal communication in the formation and maintenance of intimate relationships between individuals and their relationships, as well as their role in managing conflict and managing conflict.
Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction WHAT IS INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION? INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS AN ART INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS A SCIENCE SUMMARY PART 1: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 2. Culture WHAT IS CULTURE? CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION SUMMARY Chapter 3. Self and Identity WHAT IS THE SELF? IDENTITY: HOW YOU COMMUNICATE YOUR SELF HOW IDENTITIES CHANGE SUMMARY Chapter 4. Perception and Attribution WHAT IS PERCEPTION? WHAT IS ATTRIBUTION? FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION PART 2: INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION Chapter 5. Verbal Messages WHAT IS VERBAL COMMUNICATION? THE RULES OF LANGUAGE FACTORS THAT AFFECT LANGUAGE USE BIASED LANGUAGE SUMMARY Chapter 6. Nonverbal Messages WHAT IS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION? THE FUNCTIONS OF NONVERBAL MESSAGES INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES COMBINING VERBAL AND NONVERBAL CUES SUMMARY Chapter 7. Emotions WHAT ARE EMOTIONS? FEELINGS AND COMMUNICATION INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES THE DARK SIDE OF EMOTIONS IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS SUMMARY Chapter 8. Dynamic Listening WHAT IS LISTENING? ACTIVE LISTENING LISTENING FOR RELATIONSHIP INFORMATION SUMMARY PART 3: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Chapter 9. Developing Relationships FORMING RELATIONSHPS ESCALATING RELATIONSHIPS ENDING RELATIONSHIPS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG SUMMARY Chapter 10. Intimate Relationships WHAT IS INTIMACY? MAINTAINING INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN INTIMACY EXTREMES OF INTIMACY SUMMARY Chapter 11. Families WHAT IS A FAMILY? COMMUNICATION IN FAMILY SYSTEMS THE FAMILY LIFESPAN SUMMARY PART 4: STRATEGIC INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Chapter 12. Influence GOALS INFLUENCE MESSAGES INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCE IN ACTION SUMMARY Chapter 13. Managing Conflict WHAT IS CONFLICT? MANAGING CONFLICT CONFLICT DYNAMICS SUMMARY Chapter 14. Comfort and Support PROVIDING COMFORT INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES COMFORT WHEN IT COUNTS SUMMARY
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how humanness implicates social relatedness, how social distance fosters perceptions of others as less human than the self, and how dehumanizing perceptions undermine close relationships.
Abstract: Dehumanization is traditionally considered in the context of intergroup conflict. An emerging body of research examines how it also occurs in interpersonal relationships and is associated with social exclusion and disconnection rather than conflict. This article examines how humanness implicates social relatedness, how social distance fosters perceptions of others as less human than the self, and how dehumanizing perceptions undermine close relationships. It then explores how experiences of social exclusion lead people to see themselves and their rejecters as less human, how the belief that one is dehumanized by others promotes rejection of others, and how positive social contact may reduce dehumanization. Finally, it discusses how feeling lonely or socially connected sometimes leads people to anthropomorphize nonhumans and other times leads them to dehumanize people.
12 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the associations among hospitalization factors, social/interpersonal factors, personal factors, and social anxiety to reveal the mechanism of social anxiety in COVID-19 survivors.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Background As a highly infectious disease with human-to-human transmission characteristics, COVID-19 has caused panic in the general public. Those who have recovered from COVID-19 may experience discrimination and internalized stigma. They may be more likely to worry about social interaction and develop social anxiety. Objectives This study investigated the associations among hospitalization factors, social/interpersonal factors, personal factors, and social anxiety to reveal the mechanism of social anxiety in COVID-19 survivors. Methods A cross-sectional, multicenter telephone survey was conducted from July to September 2020 in five Chinese cities (i.e. Wuhan, Nanning, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Dongguan); adult COVID-19 survivors were recruited 6 months after they were discharged from the hospital. Linear regressions and path analysis based on the minority stress model were conducted to test the relationships among hospitalization, social/interpersonal factors, personal factors, and social anxiety. Results The response rate was 74.5% (N = 199, 55.3% females). Linear regression analyses showed that various hospitalization, social/interpersonal, and personal factors were statistically significantly associated with social anxiety. Path analysis showed that the proposed model fit the data well (χ2(df) = 3.196(3), p = .362, CFI = .999, NNFI = .996, RMSEA = .018). Internalized stigma fully mediated the association between perceived discrimination/social support and social anxiety, while it partially mediated the association between perceived affiliate stigma and social anxiety. Conclusions The results suggest that social/interpersonal and personal factors have a stronger association with social anxiety than hospitalization factors and highlight the importance of internalized stigma in understanding the mechanisms of these relationships. Clinical psychologists can refer to these modifiable psychosocial factors to develop efficient interventions for mental health promotion. HIGHLIGHTS Internalized stigma fully mediated the effects of perceived discrimination and social support on social anxiety and partially mediated the effect of perceived affiliate stigma on social anxiety.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined demographic, interpersonal, and community factors associated with personal wellbeing and identified malleable moderators of the relationship between loneliness and well-being that could be targeted in intervention efforts.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provided an in-depth analysis of eight aspects of student satisfaction (i.e. satisfaction with the program, teaching of lecturers, institution, campus facilities, student support provided, own learning, overall university experience and life as a university student in general).
Abstract: Given the pivotal role of student satisfaction in the higher education sector, myriad factors contributing to higher education satisfaction have been examined in the literature. Within this literature, one lesser-researched factor has been that of the quality and types of interpersonal interactions in which students engage. As existing literature has yet to fully explore the contributions made by different forms of interaction to student satisfaction in higher education, this study aimed to provide a more fine-grained analysis of how different forms of interaction between students, their peers and their instructors relate to different aspects of student satisfaction. A total of 280 undergraduate students from one of the largest higher education institutions in Singapore participated in the study. Results provided an in-depth analysis of eight aspects of student satisfaction (i.e. satisfaction with the program, teaching of lecturers, institution, campus facilities, student support provided, own learning, overall university experience and life as a university student in general) and suggested that the different aspects of student satisfaction were associated with three different forms of interaction: student–student formal, student–student informal and student-instructor.
9 citations
TL;DR: The authors developed a Systems Framework of Bilingualism, where embedded layers of individual, interpersonal, and ecological sociolinguistic factors jointly predict people's language behavior, and found that people's individual language behavior was jointly predicted by the language characteristics of their interpersonal social networks and the ambient linguistic patterns of their residential neighborhood environments.
Abstract: Human cognition occurs within social contexts, and nowhere is this more evident than language behavior. Regularly using multiple languages is a globally ubiquitous individual experience that is shaped by social environmental forces, ranging from interpersonal interactions to ambient language exposure. Here, we develop a Systems Framework of Bilingualism, where embedded layers of individual, interpersonal, and ecological sociolinguistic factors jointly predict people's language behavior. Of note, we quantify interpersonal and ecological language dynamics through the novel applications of language-tagged social network analysis and geospatial demographic analysis among 106 English-French bilingual adults in Montréal, Canada. Consistent with a Systems view, we found that people's individual language behavior, on a global level (i.e., overall language use), was jointly predicted by the language characteristics of their interpersonal social networks and the ambient linguistic patterns of their residential neighborhood environments, whereas more granular aspects of language behavior (i.e., word-level proficiency) was mainly driven by local, interpersonal social networks. Together, this work offers a novel theoretical framework, bolstered by innovative analytic techniques to quantify complex social information and empower more holistic assessments of multifaceted human behaviors and cognition, like language. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the correlations that levels of addiction to smartphones, social media, and online games have with levels of real-life and online interpersonal interactions among adolescents.
9 citations
TL;DR: A review of relevant theories and its implications for assessment and intervention has been lacking so far as discussed by the authors , however, a selective review of theories, empirical evidence and interventions has been conducted, and recommendations to improve teacher-child relationships address the need for teacher sensitivity, relationship based communication and flexibility in interpersonal behaviour in everyday teaching.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
Research on dyadic teacher-child relationships has grown rapidly. However, a review of relevant theories and its implications for assessment and intervention has been lacking so far.
METHODS
A selective review of theories, empirical evidence and interventions was conducted.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Different theories highlight distinct aspects of teacher-child relationships and have different implications for assessment and intervention. The attachment perspective on dyadic teacher-child relationships is most widely applied in psychological research. Also relatively well-known is self-determination theory. However, the interpersonal theory, though widely applied in educational research to teacher-class interactions, has been largely overlooked in research on dyadic teacher-child relationships. The overarching dyadic systems perspective, providing insight in the dynamic interplay between different aspects of teacher-child relationships, also deserves more attention. Recommendations to improve teacher-child relationships address the need for teacher sensitivity, relationship-based communication and flexibility in interpersonal behaviour in everyday teaching.
9 citations
TL;DR: Policy concerning companionship and visiting have been inconsistently applied within English maternity services during the COVID-19 pandemic and there is an urgent need to determine how to sensitively and flexibly balance risks and benefits and optimise outcomes during the current and future crisis situations.
Abstract: Objectives To explore stakeholders’ and national organisational perspectives on companionship for women/birthing people using antenatal and intrapartum care in England during COVID-19, as part of the Achieving Safe and Personalised maternity care In Response to Epidemics (ASPIRE) COVID-19 UK study. Setting Maternity care provision in England. Participants Interviews were held with 26 national governmental, professional and service-user organisation leads (July–December 2020). Other data included public-facing outputs logged from 25 maternity Trusts (September/October 2020) and data extracted from 78 documents from eight key governmental, professional and service-user organisations that informed national maternity care guidance and policy (February–December 2020). Results Six themes emerged: ‘Postcode lottery of care’ highlights variations in companionship and visiting practices between trusts/locations, ‘Confusion and stress around ‘rules’’ relates to a lack of and variable information concerning companionship/visiting, ‘Unintended consequences’ concerns the negative impacts of restricted companionship or visiting on women/birthing people and staff, ‘Need for flexibility’ highlights concerns about applying companionship and visiting policies irrespective of need, ‘‘Acceptable’ time for support’ highlights variations in when and if companionship was ‘allowed’ antenatally and intrapartum and ‘Loss of human rights for gain in infection control’ emphasises how a predominant focus on infection control was at a cost to psychological safety and human rights. Conclusions Policies concerning companionship and visiting have been inconsistently applied within English maternity services during the COVID-19 pandemic. In some cases, policies were not justified by the level of risk, and were applied indiscriminately regardless of need. There is an urgent need to determine how to sensitively and flexibly balance risks and benefits and optimise outcomes during the current and future crisis situations.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the time-lagged bi-directional effects of social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms on the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms and concluded that social rejection expectation appears to be both a risk factor for - and a symptom of - depression.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
Although research suggests that social rejection expectations play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms, it is not clear whether such expectations are a risk factor for depression or rather a consequence thereof. The present study addressed this issue by investigating the time-lagged bi-directional effects of social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms.
METHODS
In an online survey, participants (N = 347) completed measures of social rejection expectations, depressive symptoms, interpersonal competencies, and perceived social support at baseline and 2 months later. The relationships between the variables were examined using path models and cross-lagged path analyses.
RESULTS
Cross-lagged path analyses provided evidence for a substantial positive effect of social rejection expectations at baseline on depressive symptoms at follow-up in addition to the reverse effect. A mediator analysis indicated that neither interpersonal competencies nor perceived social support mediated these bi-directional effects.
CONCLUSION
The current results demonstrate that social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms bi-directionally predict each other. Thus, social rejection expectations appears to be both a risk factor for - and a symptom of - depression. In order to prevent a vicious circle of social rejection expectations and depressive symptoms, we recommend the early detection and treatment of social rejection expectations. Moreover, social rejection expectations should be specifically addressed in cognitive-behavioural treatment of depression.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined co-occurring changes in relationship quality and BPD features over time and found that when participants reported decreases in the quality of their interpersonal relationships, they endorsed increases in BPD feature.
Abstract: Interpersonal dysfunction is a core characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Cross-sectional research suggests that higher BPD features are associated with lower relationship quality. Many researchers have examined the associations between interpersonal stressors and short-term increases in emotional reactivity or impulsivity among those with high levels of BPD features. Yet, most research paradigms assume that interpersonal stressors change over time, whereas BPD features remain relatively stable; however, the stability of BPD features in the context of fluctuating interpersonal stressors has yet to be tested longitudinally. In the current study, we examined co-occurring changes in relationship quality and BPD features over time. In Study 1, 126 female, undergraduate participants completed ratings of relationship quality (i.e., conflict, criticism, closeness, satisfaction, and support) with recent interpersonal partners as well as self-reported BPD features at baseline and 1-month follow-up. In Study 2, 50 female participants from the community (n = 27 with BPD; n = 23 without any psychiatric diagnoses) completed the same measures at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Across both studies, when participants reported decreases in the quality of their interpersonal relationships, they endorsed increases in BPD features. Similarly, when participants endorsed worsening BPD features, their perceptions of relationship quality with all recent interaction partners (in Study 1) or more frequent interaction partners (in Study 2) decreased as well. Even in samples with a wide range of BPD features, these results suggest that the quality of interpersonal relationships and BPD features may influence each other over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of finding the right strategies (e.g., alternative solutions, comparison of costs and rewards between partners, reappraisals) to navigate these complex interpersonal situations in which partners' goals and preferences conflict.
Abstract: Although previous research has found that prosocial behavior increases personal and relationship well-being, a particularly costly type of prosocial behavior — sacrifice — can sometimes have aversive effects and is the focus of the current review. We consider effects for both the individual who enacts the sacrifice and the recipient. Sacrifice, can take a toll on the giver's well-being, is a mixed blessing for the recipient (when they perceive the sacrifice), and may have some harmful consequences for relationships in the long-run. We discuss the importance of finding the right strategies (e.g. alternative solutions, comparison of costs and rewards between partners, reappraisals) to navigate these complex interpersonal situations in which partners' goals and preferences conflict.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the importance of finding the right strategies (e.g., alternative solutions, comparison of costs and rewards between partners, reappraisals) to navigate these complex interpersonal situations in which partners' goals and preferences conflict.
Abstract: Although previous research has found that prosocial behavior increases personal and relationship well-being, a particularly costly type of prosocial behavior - sacrifice - can sometimes have aversive effects and is the focus of the current review. We consider effects for both the individual who enacts the sacrifice and the recipient. Sacrifice, can take a toll on the giver's well-being, is a mixed blessing for the recipient (when they perceive the sacrifice), and may have some harmful consequences for relationships in the long-run. We discuss the importance of finding the right strategies (e.g. alternative solutions, comparison of costs and rewards between partners, reappraisals) to navigate these complex interpersonal situations in which partners' goals and preferences conflict.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated influences of level of observation (behaviors vs. traits), personality, and instructional set on complementarity, and concluded that the participants' individual complementarity coefficients predicted their being liked by the interaction partner, observer judgments of their social competence, and their overall discussion performance.
Abstract: The principles of "interpersonal complementarity" posit that one person's behavior tends to evoke reactions from others that are similar with regard to affiliation, but dissimilar with regard to status (Carson, 1969). Empirical support for these assumptions has been mixed, especially with regard to the status dimension. The present study investigated influences of level of observation (behaviors vs. traits), personality, and instructional set on complementarity. Previously unacquainted participants (N = 182) were randomly assigned to dyads who engaged in videotaped discussions with either a cooperative or a competitive framing. Their behaviors were rated every 10 s in terms of affiliation and status. We used a multilevel modeling approach that enables powerful omnibus tests of core tenets of interpersonal theory, including previously overlooked influences of person and situation, as well as time-lags. Interpersonal complementarity was found for both affiliation and status. It was highest for simultaneous behaviors, (i.e., occurring within the same 10-s interval), but for status we also found lagged effects being anticomplementary. Complementarity was also moderately predicted by some personality traits. The situational context predicted the mean levels of interpersonal behaviors but not complementarity. Concerning consequences of complementarity, the participants' individual complementarity coefficients predicted their being liked by the interaction partner, observer judgments of their social competence, and their overall discussion performance. We clearly recommend this type of comprehensive multilevel modeling for future research into these and related issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: This review attempts to consider the eminence of teacher interpersonal behavior and learner-teacher relations in the classroom and indeed illustrate their relationship and influence on students’ well-being.
Abstract: Well-being has become extensively viewed as apprehension for administrations in the last decades and schools have been progressively realized as locations for encouraging well-being which is a considerable development in inquiries on mediations connected to learner well-being. In this way, the function of teachers has got specific consideration regarding students’ well-being, given the merits of teacher-student interactions. High-quality educator-learner relationships offer a support base for long-term learners’ education. Educator interpersonal behavior that makes learners feel supported and cared for is known as emotional support. These behaviors can help learners’ emotional and social needs; meet learners’ families, and being available when learners need additional help. This review attempts to consider the eminence of teacher interpersonal behavior and learner-teacher relations in the classroom and indeed illustrate their relationship and influence on students’ well-being. As a final point, this review can provide suggestions and recommendations for teaching participants in the scholastic context.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined whether gender differences in friendship values intensify across the adolescent transition, specifically from elementary to junior high school, and found that junior high-school girls placed higher value on psychological provisions (intimacy, support) whereas junior high high school boys placed high value on recreational provisions (companionship, enjoyment).
Abstract: Friendships can provide a critical buffer against stress for youth, but the extent to which they serve this role depends on whether they provide resources that youth value most. These valued provisions may differ for girls and boys and across stages of development. This study examined whether gender differences in friendship values intensify across the adolescent transition, specifically from elementary to junior high school. Youth (73 elementary schoolers; 80 junior high schoolers; Mage = 11.40 years; SDage = 1.55) completed a novel friendship values measure assessing how much youth valued psychological provisions (intimacy, support) and recreational provisions (companionship, enjoyment) in their friendships. Consistent with predictions, results revealed that junior high school girls place higher value on psychological provisions, whereas junior high school boys place higher value on recreational provisions, differences that were less apparent during elementary school. These gender differences in friendship values may have trade-offs for adolescent socioemotional development.
TL;DR: In this paper , a model was proposed that social cognitive processes, including relational schemas, mediate the link between discrimination and depression, and the model was tested in a convenience sample of ethnically diverse, non-white participants recruited from two sites, a community medical center and a private university.
Abstract: Interpersonal racial/ethnic discrimination is a risk factor for depression across the lifespan in minoritized racial/ethnic groups. This study tests a model proposing that social cognitive processes, including relational schemas, mediate the link between discrimination and depression. Relational schemas enable individuals to form mental representations of others, reflecting prior social learning and generating expectations about future social relations. Racism-related relational schemas include, among others, concerns about being rejected or invalidated, concerns about confirming negative stereotypes held by others, and cynical mistrust of others. Prior studies have typically examined the mediating role of one or two relational schemas in the association between discrimination and depression; less is known about the unique and combined effects of multiple dimensions of racism-related social cognition.The model was tested in a convenience sample of ethnically diverse, non-white participants recruited from two sites, a community medical center (N = 136; Mage = 38, SD = 13.0) and a private university (N = 120; Mage = 19.4, SD = 1.3), yielding a consolidated sample of 256 participants (64% women). Data were collected between September 2016 and April 2018. Participants completed paper-and-pencil self-report measures of exposure to interpersonal discrimination, depressive symptoms, and eight measures of relational schemas.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the eight relational schemas defined three primary dimensions: concerns about rejection and invalidation, social vigilance, and mistrust. A structural equation model in which the association between exposure to discrimination and depressive symptoms operates through latent factors representing three social-cognitive dimensions demonstrated adequate fit (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04). A significant mediational effect was found only for concerns about rejection and invalidation.The conceptual model supported by this study may help inform psychological interventions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on mental health.
TL;DR: This paper explored meaningful experiences of older Taiwanese adults who had received a Paro (social robot) companion for 8 weeks and found that the meaningful experiences expressed by participants at the end of the intervention with Paro might provide the value of companionship and improve interpersonal relationships for older adults in geriatric nursing.
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural evidence supports the claim that victims’ perceptions of harmdoers’ relationship value and exploitation causally influence whether or not they forgive them.
Abstract: We review the logic of an evolutionary perspective on forgiveness, highlighting how insight into the likely function of forgiveness--solving adaptive problems related to acquiring and maintaining social relationships--has productively guided research and theory. A combination of experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural evidence supports the claim that victims’ perceptions of harmdoers’ relationship value and exploitation causally influence whether or not victims forgive harmdoers. We also review the nascent literature on the topic of intergroup forgiveness, and consider how the concepts associated with interpersonal forgiveness, such as apologies, relationship value, and exploitation risk might help us understand forgiveness between groups, cultures, and societies. Finally, we explore the intersection of evolutionary and cultural perspectives on forgiveness, and consider how concepts from these two research traditions might be integrated to help us understand forgiveness even better.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the associations between different types of Internet use, social networks, and loneliness among Chinese older adults using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Ageing Society Survey (N = 1863).
Abstract: While the rate of Internet use among the older population in China is rapidly increasing, the outcomes associated with Internet use remain largely unexplored. Currently, there are contradictory findings indicating that Internet use is sometimes positively and sometimes negatively associated with older adults’ subjective well-being. Therefore, we examined the associations between different types of Internet use, social networks, and loneliness among Chinese older adults using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Ageing Society Survey (N = 1863). Internet use was classified as interpersonal communication and information acquisition, and social networks were divided into family and friendship ties. The results showed that both interpersonal communication and information acquisition were associated with lower loneliness. Interpersonal communication can increase social networks, and family ties have a mediating effect on the association between Internet use for interpersonal communication and loneliness. Although information acquisition can directly decrease loneliness in older adults, it can also damage existing social networks and further increase loneliness. Family ties act as a suppressor in the association between Internet use for information acquisition and loneliness. Our study further discusses important implications for improving the subjective well-being of older adults in the digital era, based on the empirical findings.
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and health-related behavior (HB), expanding upon Pascoe and Richman's (2009) meta-analysis and research synthesis, concluding that IPD heightens risk for negative physical health outcomes among marginalized groups.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE
This article comprehensively examines the relationship between interpersonal discrimination (IPD) and health-related behavior (HB), expanding upon Pascoe and Richman's (2009) meta-analysis and research synthesis.
METHOD
One hundred and twenty one articles providing zero-order correlations (or information allowing their calculation) between perceptions of IPD and a variety of HB outcomes were coded and analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis model. One hundred and fifty six articles examining this relationship using multivariate models were also coded and summarized within a research synthesis. Subanalyses were performed for articles examining smoking, alcohol use/abuse, substance use/abuse, sexual risk, and diet/eating behaviors. Potential mediators of the IPD-HB relationship were also tallied when available.
RESULTS
Compared to the original analysis, results suggest an overall attenuated but stable relationship between IPD and HBs.
CONCLUSIONS
The documented meta-analytic associations between perceptions of IPD and a variety of HB provide supportive evidence for one pathway through which IPD heightens risk for negative physical health outcomes among marginalized groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: This paper proposed a three-factorial interpersonal emotions (TIE) analytical framework, using two directions of gratitude behavior-expression and receipt of the expression-perspectives of both individuals reporting those behaviors-the acting self and the observing partner-and two temporal scopes to examine gratitude-the dispositional and the situational (operationalized as one's 2-week average thanking behavior and daily variations around the average, respectively).
Abstract: Several lines of research document various relational and personal benefits of gratitude and its key behavioral manifestation, expressed gratitude. Integrating these lines, we propose the three-factorial interpersonal emotions (TIE) analytical framework, using two directions of gratitude behavior-expression and receipt of the expression-perspectives of both individuals reporting those behaviors-the acting self and the observing partner-and two temporal scopes to examine gratitude-the dispositional and the situational (operationalized as one's 2-week average thanking behavior and daily variations around the average, respectively). These describe eight (2 × 2 × 2) prototypical aspects of behavioral manifestations of interpersonal emotions such as expressed gratitude. We demonstrate the TIE model using a well-powered dyadic daily-diary dataset of naturally emerging gratitude interactions within romantic couples. Results show all aspects of situational gratitude behavior uniquely forecast daily increases in relationship satisfaction; these effects mediate contemporaneous daily increases in life satisfaction, and are not attributable to self-disclosure, fairness, politeness, or general positivity. Alternatively, although they each show a zero-order effect, many aspects of dispositional gratitude behavior do not exert independent effects on relationship or life satisfaction, nor do they hold against the four nongratitude constructs. Exemplifying the utility of the TIE model, we conclude behavioral gratitude is an everyday phenomenon; it comprises related yet distinguishable interpersonal acts, and can be understood from the different perspectives of the actors involved. Methodologically, our work shows the value of bringing relationship-science techniques to study the social functions of emotions, and generates new questions about gratitude in everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper , a dyadic perspective of expressive suppression (ES) was applied to test whether ES represents a weak link, such that either actors' or partners' ES is sufficient to undermine relationship satisfaction.
Abstract: In the current research, we apply a dyadic perspective of expressive suppression (ES) to test whether ES represents a weak link, such that either actors' or partners' ES is sufficient to undermine relationship satisfaction. Our primary aim was to test this weak-link pattern by modeling Actor × Partner ES interactions on relationship satisfaction. To maximize power, we conducted integrative data analyses across four existing dyadic samples (N = 427 couples) that included self-reports of habitual ES and relationship satisfaction. Our second aim was to examine the role of conflict resolution ability as one potential mechanism for the ES weak-link pattern on satisfaction. These integrative data analyses involved two dyadic samples (N = 242 couples) that included self-reports of conflict resolution ability. Significant Actor × Partner ES interactions revealed a weak-link pattern: greater actors' or partners' ES was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. Accordingly, actors' lower ES was associated with higher satisfaction only when partners' ES was also low. This ES weak-link pattern also emerged for conflict resolution ability, which provided evidence that reduced conflict resolution ability is one interpersonal process that contributes to the weak-link pattern on satisfaction. ES likely operates as a weak link because actors' or partners' ES interferes with the coordination, cooperation, and connection needed to manage relationship challenges and sustain healthy relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic review synthesises the literature exploring the relationship between neglect and adolescent interpersonal functioning in peer relationships, finding that neglect, particularly emotional neglect, is associated with reduced relationship quality and there is consistent evidence that neglect increases the risk of gang involvement and deviant peer affiliation.
TL;DR: Loneliness is a felt deprivation of connection, companionship, and camaraderie as mentioned in this paper and at least a quarter of adults experience persistent loneliness and the consequences can be highly detrimental to mental and physical health.
01 Apr 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a combination of experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural evidence supports the claim that victims' perceptions of harmdoers' relationship value and exploitation risk causally influence whether or not they forgive harm-doers.
Abstract: We review the logic of an evolutionary perspective on forgiveness, highlighting how insight into the likely function of forgiveness - solving adaptive problems related to acquiring and maintaining social relationships - has productively guided research and theory. A combination of experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural evidence supports the claim that victims' perceptions of harmdoers' relationship value and exploitation risk causally influence whether or not victims forgive harmdoers. We also review the nascent literature on the topic of intergroup forgiveness and consider how the concepts associated with interpersonal forgiveness, such as apologies, relationship value, and exploitation risk, might help us understand forgiveness between groups, cultures, and societies. Finally, we explore the intersection of evolutionary and cultural perspectives on forgiveness, and consider how concepts from these two research traditions might be integrated to help us understand forgiveness even better.
TL;DR: This paper proposed an adult friendship dissolution process model that features how situational, personal, and interpersonal variables may influence whether friendships are ended via active or passive routes, and potential intervening variables that could lead to different paths of friendship dissolution, including the emotional toll of experiencing dissolution via one path versus another.
Abstract: Adult friendships are important relationships, yet little work has examined the processes through which they end and the antecedents and consequences of endings. Building on work that has highlighted the reasons friendships end (Fehr, 1996), we propose an adult friendship dissolution process model that features how situational, personal, and interpersonal variables may influence whether friendships are ended via active or passive routes. Furthermore, potential intervening variables that could lead to different paths of friendship dissolution, including the emotional toll of experiencing dissolution via one path versus another, are discussed.
TL;DR: The authors found that autistic adults were equally attached to their pets as neurotypicals, but were less likely to own them, even though pet ownership corresponded with better mental health outcomes.
Abstract: Many autistic people cite a strong attachment to animals, and some studies suggest they may even show a bias towards animals over people. This mixed-methods study explored companion animal attachment in the adult autistic community. In a quantitative study with 735 people, we found that autistic adults were equally attached to their pets as neurotypicals but were less likely to own them, even though pet ownership corresponded with better mental health outcomes. Substituting pets for people also served as a compensatory mechanism for social contact in the autistic sample. In a second qualitative study, we explored the lived experiences of 16 autistic pet owners. The interpretive phenomenological analysis highlighted the benefits and the barriers to animal companionship. Together these mixed methods findings underline how pets improve the lives of their autistic owners. We conclude with specific recommendations for increasing animal companionship opportunities for autistic adults.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used egocentric network analysis and latent profile analysis with survey data from April 2020 and conducted follow-up interviews in September 2020 to examine some of the pandemic's immediate effects on student interpersonal network change.
Abstract: In spring 2020, many U.S. colleges and universities rapidly shifted to online instruction and implemented social distancing policies to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Students experienced unprecedented disruption of their interpersonal academic and social networks due to the loss of physical proximity. We used egocentric network analysis and latent profile analysis with survey data from April 2020 and conducted follow-up interviews in September 2020 to examine some of the pandemic’s immediate effects on student interpersonal network change. We found the disappearance of interpersonal network patterns featuring coworkers and academic ties, as well as reductions in students’ overall number of connections and the role diversity of their networks. Results suggest potential ongoing reduction of peer academic relationships, implying that institutional personnel may need to pay particular attention to academic connections in online spaces and to regenerating students’ academic networks when on-campus physical spaces may again be used to support learning.
TL;DR: In this article , a case study explored the development of Islamic school learners' interpersonal intelligence fostered by religious extracurricular activities and also sought the factors inhibiting the developing of intelligence.
Abstract: Research on multiple intelligences has been growing for the last three decades, however, the ones on interpersonal intelligence still need more investigation. This case study explored the development of Islamic school learners’ interpersonal intelligence fostered by religious extracurricular activities. It also sought the factors inhibiting the development of intelligence. The participants of the study were a school principal, vice-principal, extracurricular coach, and three teachers and students at a secondary Islamic school. Data were collected through interviews and observation. The data were then analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The findings revealed that joining religious extracurricular helped learners grow the characters of discipline, self-confidence, empathy or caring, politeness, and togetherness. Meanwhile, factors that inhibit the development of students’ interpersonal intelligence were the influence of surrounding people and gadgets (technology).