Showing papers on "Interval training published in 2007"

Superior Cardiovascular Effect of Aerobic Interval Training Versus Moderate Continuous Training in Heart Failure Patients A Randomized Study

Abstract: Background—Exercise training reduces the symptoms of chronic heart failure. Which exercise intensity yields maximal beneficial adaptations is controversial. Furthermore, the incidence of chronic heart failure increases with advanced age; it has been reported that 88% and 49% of patients with a first diagnosis of chronic heart failure are 65 and 80 years old, respectively. Despite this, most previous studies have excluded patients with an age 70 years. Our objective was to compare training programs with moderate versus high exercise intensity with regard to variables associated with cardiovascular function and prognosis in patients with postinfarction heart failure. Methods and Results—Twenty-seven patients with stable postinfarction heart failure who were undergoing optimal medical treatment, including -blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (aged 75.511.1 years; left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction 29%; V u O2peak 13 mL · kg 1 · min 1 ) were randomized to either moderate continuous training (70% of highest measured heart rate, ie, peak heart rate) or aerobic interval training (95% of peak heart rate) 3 times per week for 12 weeks or to a control group that received standard advice regarding physical activity. V u O2peak increased more with aerobic interval training than moderate continuous training (46% versus 14%, P0.001) and was associated with reverse LV remodeling. LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes declined with aerobic interval training only, by 18% and 25%, respectively; LV ejection fraction increased 35%, and pro-brain natriuretic peptide decreased 40%. Improvement in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (endothelial function) was greater with aerobic interval training, and mitochondrial function in lateral vastus muscle increased with aerobic interval training only. The MacNew global score for quality of life in cardiovascular disease increased in both exercise groups. No changes occurred in the control group. Conclusions—Exercise intensity was an important factor for reversing LV remodeling and improving aerobic capacity, endothelial function, and quality of life in patients with postinfarction heart failure. These findings may have important implications for exercise training in rehabilitation programs and future studies. (Circulation. 2007;115:3086-3094.)

Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training.

Abstract: HELGERUD, J., K. HKYDAL, E. WANG, T. KARLSEN, P. BERG, M. BJERKAAS, T. SIMONSEN, C. HELGESEN, N. HJORTH, R. BACH, and J. HOFF. Aerobic High-Intensity Intervals Improve VO2max More Than Moderate Training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 665-671, 2007. Purpose: The present study compared the effects of aerobic endurance training at different intensities and with different methods matched for total work and frequency. Responses in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), stroke volume of the heart (SV), blood volume, lactate threshold (LT), and running economy (CR) were examined. Methods: Forty healthy, nonsmoking, moderately trained male subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups:1) long slow distance (70% maximal heart rate; HRmax); 2) lactate threshold (85% HRmax); 3) 15/15 interval running (15 s of running at 90-95% HRmax followed by 15 s of active resting at 70% HRmax); and 4) 4 4 min of interval running (4 min of running at 90-95% HRmax followed by 3 min of active restingat 70% HRmax). All four training protocols resulted in similar total oxygen consumption and were performed 3 dIwk j1 for 8 wk. Results: High-intensity aerobic interval training resulted in significantly increased VO2max compared with long slow distanceandlactate-thresholdtrainingintensities(P G 0.01). The percentage increases for the 15/15 and 4 4 min groups were 5.5 and 7.2%, respectively, reflecting increases in VO2max from 60.5 to 64.4 mLIkg j1 Imin j1 and 55.5 to 60.4 mLIkg j1 Imin j1 . SV increased significantly by approximately 10% after interval training (P G 0.05). Conclusions: High-aerobic intensity endurance interval training is significantly more effective than performing the same total work at either lactate threshold or at 70% HRmax, in improving VO2max. The changes in VO2max correspond with changes in SV, indicating a close link between the two. Key Words: LACTATE THRESHOLD, AEROBIC POWER, 4 4-MIN INTERVALS, 15/15 TRAINING, STROKE VOLUME, BLOOD VOLUME

Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement on the intensity and reproducibility of small-sided games. Data were collected on 20 amateur soccer players (body mass 73.1 ± 8.6 kg, stature 1.79 ± 0.05 m, age 24.5 ± 4.1 years, [Vdot]O2max 56.3 ± 4.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1). Aerobic interval training was performed during three-, four-, five- and six-a-side games on three differently sized pitches, with and without coach encouragement. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on the CR10-scale, and blood lactate concentration were measured. Main effects were found for exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement (P 0.15). During a six-a-side game on a small pitch without coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 84 ± 5% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 3.4 ± 1.0 mmol · l−1, and the RPE was 4.8. During a three-a-side game on a lar...

Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women

Abstract: Our aim was to examine the effects of seven high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) sessions over 2 wk on skeletal muscle fuel content, mitochondrial enzyme activities, fatty acid transport...

Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining

Abstract: Skeletal muscle primarily relies on carbohydrate (CHO) for energy provision during high-intensity exercise. We hypothesized that sprint interval training (SIT), or repeated sessions of high-intensi...

Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training.

Abstract: Valid and reliable experimental models are essential to gain insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of lifestyle-related diseases. Studies with large changes, low variation, and reproducible training outcome require individualized training intensity, controlled by direct measurements of maximal oxygen uptake or heart rate. As this approach is expensive and time consuming, we discuss whether maximal treadmill running speed in a gradually increasing ramp protocol might be sufficient to control intensity without losing accuracy. Combined data from six studies of rats and mice from our lab demonstrated a close correlation between running speed and oxygen uptake. This relationship changed towards a steeper linear slope after endurance training, indicating improved work economy, that is, less oxygen was consumed at fixed submaximal running speeds. Maximal oxygen uptake increased 40-70% after high-intensity aerobic interval training in mice and rats. The speed at which oxygen uptake reached a plateau, increased in parallel with the change in maximal oxygen uptake during the training period. Although this suggests that running speed can be used to assess training intensity throughout a training program, the problem is to determine the exact relative intensity related to maximal oxygen uptake from running speed alone. We therefore suggest that directly measured oxygen uptake should be used to assess exercise intensity and optimize endurance training in rats and mice. Running speed may serve as a supplement to ensure this intensity.

Improvement of VO2max by cardiac output and oxygen extraction adaptation during intermittent versus continuous endurance training.

Abstract: Improvement of exercise capacity by continuous (CT) versus interval training (IT) remains debated. We tested the hypothesis that CT and IT might improve peripheral and/or central adaptations, respectively, by randomly assigning 10 healthy subjects to two periods of 24 trainings sessions over 8 weeks in a cross-over design, separated by 12 weeks of detraining. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), cardiac output (Qmax) and maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference (Da-vO2max) were obtained during an exhaustive incremental test before and after each training period. VO2max and Qmax increased only after IT (from 26.3 +/- 1.6 to 35.2 +/- 3.8 ml min(-1) kg(-1) and from 17.5 +/- 1.3 to 19.5 +/- 1.8 l min(-1), respectively; P < 0.01). Da-vO2max increased after both protocols (from 11.0 +/- 0.8 to 12.7 +/- 1.0; P < 0.01 and from 11.0 +/- 0.8 to 12.1 +/- 1.0 ml 100 ml(-1), P < 0.05 in CT and IT, respectively). At submaximal intensity a significant rightward shift of the Q/Da-vO2 relationship appeared only after CT. These results suggest that in isoenergetic training, central and peripheral adaptations in oxygen transport and utilization are training-modality dependant. IT improves both central and peripheral components of Da-vO2max whereas CT is mainly associated with greater oxygen extraction.

Elevated plasma interleukin-6 levels in trained male triathletes following an acute period of intense interval training.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible changes in the plasma IL-6 levels, subjective reporting of sources and symptoms of stress and the innate immune system in response to an acute period of intensified run training in highly trained endurance athletes. Eight healthy endurance trained male subjects (mean +/- SD age 23 +/- 2 years, VO(2max) 64.8 +/- 2.6 ml kg(-1) min(-1), mass 77.1 +/- 2.9 kg) completed the study which took place over a 4 week period. In weeks 2 and 3, in addition to their normal endurance training, subjects completed interval-training run sessions on three successive days. Saliva and venous blood samples were taken at the end of each week. Blood samples were analysed for leukocyte counts; neutrophil function; plasma IL-6; creatine kinase activity; and cortisol. Symptoms and sources of stress were assessed by questionnaire. Plasma IL-6 and creatine kinase activity were elevated following intensified training. Neutrophil function was reduced but total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, plasma cortisol and salivary IgA remained unchanged. There was a worsening in symptoms of stress despite there being no significant change in the sources of stress during intensified training. In conclusion, an acute period of intensified training can induce a suppression of the innate immune system and a chronic elevation in IL-6. This was associated with an increase in fatigue and generalised malaise which lends support to the recent cytokine theories of unexplained, underperformance syndrome.

Muscular fatigue in the pelvic floor muscles after strenuous physical activity

Abstract: Background. It is not clear why young nulliparous women may leak urine during exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate whether strenuous physical activity can produce pelvic floor muscle fatigue. Methods. Participants in this crossover study included 12 nulliparous women with mild symptoms of stress urinary incontinence during strenuous physical activity. Participants were randomized to start with either the intervention (a 90-min interval training program) or the control period (rest in sitting position for 90 min). Maximal voluntary contraction pressure (cm H2O), vaginal resting pressure (cm H2O), and holding time (s) were measured before and after intervention and rest by a fiberoptic microtip transducer connected to a balloon catheter inserted into the vagina. Results. Mean age of the group was 24 years (±1.7). The mean maximal voluntary contraction pressure decreased 20% (±24.4) after physical activity. The mean difference in maximal voluntary contraction pressure was significantly larger a...

Effect of strength and aerobic training in children with cerebral palsy.

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a strength and aerobic interval training program on arm-cranking economy, aerobic capacity, and gross motor function in children and adolescents with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Seven subjects (five females, two males; mean age 15.9, range 14-18 yr) participated in a 12-wk aerobic interval and strength training program, three times per week, 70 min per session. The aerobic interval training required the subjects to perform 60-m uphill walking repetitions. Six individuals (four females, two males; mean age 15.7, range 14-17 yr) who did not receive the training program served as controls. Pre- and postexercise tests were performed to assess changes in arm-cranking economy, aerobic capacity, and gross motor function. Results: The results demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the oxygen cost of arm cranking (mean +/- SD: pre: 13.2 +/- 3.22 mL[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1, post: 12.7 +/- 3.38 mL[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1) and %V[spacing dot above]O2peak (pre: 75.8 +/- 3.55%, post: 61.8 +/- 7.47%) in the training group. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in aerobic capacity (pre: 17.5 +/- 4.45 mL[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1, post: 20.8 +/- 5.93 mL[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1) were also noted for the training group. Significant (P < 0.05) improvements in gross motor function measures were also noted in the training group (pre: 30.35%, post: 33.85%). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the application of a 12-wk strength and aerobic interval training program reduced the oxygen cost of arm cranking, improved aerobic capacity, and improved gross motor function in children and adolescents with CP

Physiological responses to interval training sessions at velocities associated with VO2max.

Abstract: Previous research has indicated that short-duration, high-intensity work intervals performed at velocities associated with maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max) combined with active recovery intervals may be effective in eliciting improvements in endurance performance. This study was designed to characterize selected physiological responses to short-duration ( 0.05) existed among 30/15 (11.5 +/- 1.8 mmol x L(-1)), 60/15 (12.5 +/- 1.8 mmol x L(-1)) or C (12.1 +/- 1.8 mmol x L(-1)). High intensity, short-duration 2:1 W/R intervals appear to produce responses that may benefit both aerobic and anaerobic energy system development. A 4:1 W/R ratio may be an upper limit for individuals in the initial phases of interval training.

New modalities of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract: Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to be an important part of the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exercise training is the corner stone of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD and has been shown to improve health-related quality of life and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, not every COPD patient responds well to pulmonary rehabilitation. Future trials should focus on new additions to conventional pulmonary rehabilitation programmes to optimise its effects on health-related quality of life, exercise capacity, body composition and muscle function in patients with COPD. Therefore, a patient-tailored approach is inevitable. Advantages and disadvantages of new modalities of pulmonary rehabilitation will be outlined in detail, including the following: endurance training and long-acting bronchodilatators; endurance training and technical modalities (inspiratory pressure support and inspiratory muscle training); interval training; resistance training; transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation; and exercise training and supplements (oxygen, oral creatine, anabolic steroids and polyunsaturated fatty acids). Based on well defined baseline characteristics, patients should most probably be individually selected. At present, these new modalities of pulmonary rehabilitation have been shown to improve body composition, skeletal muscle function and sometimes also exercise capacity. However, the translation to an improved health-related quality of life is mostly lacking, and cost effectiveness and long-term effects have not been studied. Moreover, future trials should study the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly patients with restrictive pulmonary diseases.

High-altitude training does not increase maximal oxygen uptake or work capacity at sea level in rowers

Abstract: Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max was evaluated after high-altitude training in rowers. Nine rowers trained in a camp at 1822 m for 3 weeks with no change in Vo2max or 6-min work capacity on a rowing ergometer at sea level. In contrast, 9 control rowers training at sea level increased Vo2max by 4 (0-8)% and work capacity by 3 (0-11)% (median and range). In rowers emphasizing endurance training during a summer of competitive rowing (n=9), Vo2max and work capacity increased by 6 (0-13)% and 3 (-1-6)%, respectively and no significant changes were noted in rowers performing interval training (n= 9). Exhaustive rowing on an ergometer was characterized by elevated plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline (n=13) and lactate (n=14) (to 19 (11-31), 74 (50-109) nmol l1 and 15 (11-22) mmol-I1, respectively). In heavyweight rowers (n=11), blood volume was 7.0 (5.9-8.3) litres, left ventricular wall thickness 13 (11-15) mm and end-diastolic diameter 57 (54-66) mm (n=11). This study demonstrated an elevated blood volume in rowers as well as myocardial hypertrophy and large internal heart diameters. In well-trained rowers, endurance training is superior to interval training for elevating Vo2max and work capacity, but high-altitude training does not contribute to increasing Vo2max or work capacity at sea level.

Superior Cardiovascular Effect Of Aerobic Interval-training Versus Moderate Continuous Training In Elderly Heart Failure Patients: 651

Abstract: PURPOSE: Exercise training reduces the symptoms of chronic heart failure. Which exercise intensity yields maximal beneficial adaptations is controversial. Furthermore, chronic heart failure is a disease of the elderly; in fact, it has been reported that 88% and 49% of the patients with a first diagn

Do hockey players need aerobic fitness? Relation between VO2max and fatigue during high-intensity intermittent ice skating.

Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between aerobic capacity, as measured by the VO(2)max test, and recovery from high-intensity intermittent exercise. Eleven female collegiate hockey players agreed to participate. Subjects skated 5 1-lap intervals around the hockey rink at maximal intensity with a 30-second recovery period between skates. The VO(2)max test was performed on a motor-driven treadmill after a modified Bruce protocol. A fatigue index was calculated by measuring the total increase in skate time from trial 1 to trial 5. This fatigue index was then correlated to VO(2)max. This correlation coefficient (-0.422) was not significant (p > 0.05) and indicated that only 17.8% of the variance in VO(2)max could be explained by the fatigue index. It was concluded that ability to recover from high-intensity intermittent exercise is not related to aerobic capacity. Coaches and trainers probably do not need to include aerobic training in their practices, because the high-intensity interval training commonly seen in hockey training also improves aerobic capacity, as reflected in the high VO(2)max values of these subjects.

Speed training with body weight unloading improves walking energy cost and maximal speed in 75- to 85-year-old healthy women

Abstract: This randomized controlled study was designed to prove the hypothesis that a novel approach to high-speed interval training, based on walking on a treadmill with the use of body weight unloading (B...

The effect of interval training in children with exercise-induced asthma competing in soccer.

Abstract: Sidiropoulou, M.P., E.G. Fotiadou, V.K. Tsimaras, A.P. Zakas, and N.A. Angelopoulou. The effect of interval training in children with exercise-induced asthma competing in soccer. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2):446-450. 2007.-A lot of emphasis has been placed in screening individuals with exercise-induced bronchospasm in order to avoid persistence bronchial hyperactivity and consequent chronic silent inflammation of the respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interval training on the respiratory function and endurance in children with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) participating in the sport of soccer. Twenty-nine boys ages 10-14, who developed EIA after a 6-minute free running test (decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second: FEV110%), participated in the study. They were divided into 2 groups (experimental: n = 18, and control: n = 11), fulfilling the same criteria (i.e., age, body height and weight, and severity of asthma). The experimental group exercised with the interval training method for a period of 8 weeks, (3 sessions per week), whereas the control group exercised with the usual football program. Measurements were made for FEV1 and endurance in both groups, before and after the application of training (8 weeks). Following the implementation of the training program, a significant improvement in FEV1 and endurance was documented in the experimental group, as well as significant differences between the 2 groups. In conclusion, duration and aerobic training via the interval method seems to be beneficial to soccer players with EIA.

Manipulating training intensity and volume in already well-trained rats: effect on skeletal muscle oxidative and glycolytic enzymes and buffering capacity

Abstract: Well-trained endurance athletes undergo periods of high-intensity interval training (HIT) or high-volume training (HVT) to improve exercise performance, but little is known about the mechanistic changes that occur during this time. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of HIT and HVT on the activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), and on intramuscular buffering capacity (βm) in already well-trained rats. At 4 weeks of age, Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SED; n = 18) and exercise training groups (n = 38). Following a 10 week preliminary training program, trained rats were divided randomly into 3 further groups that completed 4 additional weeks of continued endurance (CON, n = 14), high-intensity training (HIT, n = 12), or high-volume training (HVT, n = 12). Soleus (SOL), red and white gastrocnemius (RG and WG), and red and white vastus (RV and WV) muscles were removed 24–48 h after a final run-to-fatigue performance test (30 m·min–1; 25% grade) to determ...

Lung density is not altered following intense normobaric hypoxic interval training in competitive female cyclists

Abstract: Noninvasive imaging techniques have been used to assess pulmonary edema following exercise but results remain equivocal. Most studies examining this phenomenon have used male subjects while the fem...

Periodized Training Program of the Canadian Olympic Curling Team

Abstract: Balance, trunk strength, and muscular endurance are 3 primary physical attributes that can be trained to help improve curling performance. Aerobic base and interval training also contribute to recovery from the fatiguing effects of higher intensity sweeping motions. The implementation of these variables into a curling-specific training program may help to maintain the precision necessary to be successful over single and multiple matches.

Interval exercise support device, and control method and control program for interval exercise support device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve exercise effects of an interval training by allowing each target pulse when doing high intensity exercises and when doing low intensity exercises to be set to appropriate value with respect to a user's exercise ability. SOLUTION: The interval exercise support device 1 for supporting interval exercises for alternately performing high intensity exercises and low intensity exercises comprises: a user information input part 54 for inputting user information to be an index for leading out a user exercise ability; and a target pulse setting part 57 for setting a first target pulse to be a target pulse when doing the high intensity exercises and a second target pulse to be a target pulse when doing the low intensity exercises so as to be value in accordance with the user's exercise ability on the basis of the user information. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

The Effect of Very High Interval Training on the Carnosine Content and Buffering Capacity of V Lateralis from humans

Abstract: Carnosine (Carn) occurs in high concentrations in muscle where it contributes to H+ buffering. While Carn is increased in chronically trained athletes, the effects of acute training are less clear....

The effect of high intensity resisted cycling with and without explosive resistance training on performance in competitive cyclists

Abstract: Training studies involving competitive runners and road cyclists have shown substantial gains in sprint and endurance performance when sessions of high-intensity interval training were added to their usual training in the competitive phase of a season. Further research has shown large performance benefits in sprint and endurance power (7 – 9%) when cyclists combined explosive single-leg jumps with cycling-specific high-intensity interval training during a competitive season. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of the jumps to the gains in performance in competitive cyclists in a randomized control trial. The training protocol for the control group was based on previous experimental work in which the control group (n=8) completed cycle specific interval training followed by a series of explosive single-leg jumps. The experimental group (n=7) carried out the same cycle specific interval training but did not participate in the explosive single-leg jumps. While the current study did not use a true control group, the investigation was carried out in the knowledge that a combination of high intensity interval cycling and explosive singleleg jumps causes changes positive changes in performance. Participants took part in 10 x 30-min sessions consisting four sets of high intensity intermittent cycling (4 x 30-s maximum efforts at 50 – 60 min alternating with 30-s recovery). Between each set of 4 x 30 s sprints the control (ballistic) group carried out one set of explosive single-leg jumps (20 for each leg), while the experimental (continuous) group cycled for 20 s at 50 – 60 min . Before and after the training period all cyclists completed an incremental peak power test for assessment of VO2max, lactate threshold, exercise economy and peak power, a 30 s Wingate sprint test and a 20 km time-trial. Relative to the control group the percent mean

Prädiktoren und Outcome stationärer Rehabilitation bei Patienten mit Bronchialkarzinom

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no data on the efficacy of in-patient rehabilitation after surgery and/or radiation and/or chemotherapy against lung cancer. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess changes in exercise capacity, lung function and quality of life (QoL) before and after an inhouse training programme. METHODS: 45 patients with lung cancer (WHO I-III after surgery and/or radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment) entered a 28-day in house rehabilitation programme including of standardized aerobic training (submaximal interval training on bicycle ergometer daily, 6 times a week, 30 min., heart-rate-adjusted). Functional status and the health-related quality of life (QLQ-C30, QLQ-LC13, SF-36 and MFI-20) were examined at the beginning, within the rehab stay and at day 28. RESULTS: A substantial increase of work performance (bicycle ergometry from 68 ± 3 to 86 ± 4 Watt and six-minute walking test from 322 ± 11 to 385 ± 13 meter) could be noticed. Pulmonary function (FEV1 from 70 ± 3 to 73 ± 3, also FVC from 77 ± 3 to 82 ± 3 %) rose significantly. Also, heart rates at rest could be reduced (from 84 ± 2 to 80 ± 1 beat per miniute) and the heart rate variability (measure of efficacy of endurance training) could be raised significantly (9,7 ± 1 to 12,9 ± 1 root mean square of successive differences). Moreover, health-related quality of life significantly improved (48 ± 3 to 62 ± 2) and fatigue declined from 66 ± 3 to 41 ± 4. In addition, there were no age- or gender-dependent correlations with physical performance, quality of life and the extent of fatigue. Good motivation however, was found to be a predictor for a high rehabilitation outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized aerobic endurance training improves physiological and psychological parameters after surgery and/or radiation and/or chemotherapy for lung cancer. A future trial will compare this programme against a control group (no rehabilitation programme) over a 6-month period to verify a longerlasting effect of lung cancer rehabilitation.