Showing papers on "Intra-rater reliability published in 1990"

The reliability of goniometric measurements of active and passive wrist motions.

Abstract: A reliability study was conducted to determine (a) the intrarater and interrater reliability of goniometric measurement of active and passive wrist motions under clinical conditions and (b) the effect of a therapist's specialization on the reliability of measurement. Randomly paired therapists performed repeated measurements of active and passive wrist motions in 48 subjects who had been referred to one of four occupational therapy or hand management clinics for evaluation and treatment. The data were analyzed with an intraclass correlation coefficient. A posteriori data analyses were performed to determine the effects of identified sources of error on the reliability of measurement. The results indicated that measurement of wrist motion by individual therapists is highly reliable and that intrarater reliability is higher than interrater reliability for all active and passive motions. Interrater reliability was generally higher among specialized therapists for reasons not immediately apparent from this study. With the exception of pain, identified sources of error were found to have surprisingly little effect on the reliability of measurement.

A Reliability test system for educational purposes-basic results

Abstract: A set of basic reliability indices at the generation and composite generation and transmission levels for a small reliability test system are presented The test system and the results presented have evolved from reliability research and teaching programs The indices presented are for fundamental reliability applications which should be covered in a power system reliability teaching program The RBTS test system and the basic indices provide a valuable reference for faculty and students engaged in reliability teaching and research

A reliability test system for educational purposes-basic results

Abstract: A set of basic reliability indices at the generation and composite generation and transmission levels for a small reliability test system are presented. The test system and the results presented have evolved from reliability research and teaching programs. The indices presented are for fundamental reliability applications which should be covered in a power system reliability teaching program. The RBTS test system and the basic indices provide a valuable reference for faculty and students engaged in reliability teaching and research. >

Musculoskeletal measures of orofacial pain.

Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders of the stomatognathic system comprise the majority of diagnoses responsible for chronic orofacial pain. The most common signs for these disorders include tenderness, limitation in range of motion, deviation in range of motion, and joint noise. Although these signs are used routinely for diagnosis, the reliability, validity, and accuracy of their use as diagnostic criteria or outcome measures has not been established. A series of clinical studies on a Craniomandibular Index (CMI) was completed to examine these issues. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the grouped items in the CMI ranged from 0.58-0.98, with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Pressure algometry improved reliability of muscle and joint palpation for tenderness. Tenderness, but not dysfunction, was correlated with symptom severity. Both tenderness and dysfunction improved with treatment but did not become normal. The percent agreement of these signs as diagnostic criteria for the presence and stage of a temperomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement was about 80% compared with arthrotomography. These studies suggest that these clinical characteristics can be used with adequate reliability and validity to diagnose and measure severity if standardized methods are used.

Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of disability ratings based on the modified D Code of the ICIDH.

Abstract: Since application of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) in its full form proved to be impractical, the use of selected parts, or of instruments based on the ICIDH, has been suggested. We have assessed the inter- and intra-rater reliability of disability ratings using a screening instrument, based on the D Code of the ICIDH. The level of functional abilities of all new patients (n = 39) seen by a resident at our outpatient clinic in an 11-week period was rated on a four-point scale for each of 28 items in five ability categories. Independent ratings were done by a resident and his supervisor (inter-rater reliability). Repeated rating by the resident was used to assess intra-rater reliability. Calculation of the inter- and intra-rater reliability was based both on the method of the relative agreement and on the measure κ. The results showed relative agreements of ≥82%, and κ values of ≥0.71 were found. This study shows that in a teaching hospital very satisf...

Demonstrating reliability and reliability growth with environmental stress screening data

Abstract: Problems with conventional reliability demonstration methods are addressed, and the conventional reliability-demonstration tests are compared with the environmental stress screening (ESS) method. The concept of the roller-coaster curve is reviewed. The aging process for electronics and the relative benefits of ESS and the roller-coaster curve are explored. Recommendations on implementing ESS for reliability demonstration and reliability assurance are provided. >

Knowledge-based systems for reliability analysis

Abstract: The use of knowledge-based techniques to perform a reliability analysis of aerospace systems is discussed. Knowledge-based systems can be used by reliability engineers or design engineers to improve the accuracy of reliability analysis in a shorter amount of time than in current reliability analysis techniques. A system for performing a reliability analysis of a fault-tolerant electrical power system of an aircraft is presented. Results are compared with manually performed reliability analyses. >

Latent trait estimates of rater reliability in the International English Language Testing System (IELTS)

Abstract: The study examined the effects of fixed criteria, training and moderation on reliability of ratings assigned to written scripts. Using an item response analysis, consistency of inter and intra rater reliability of scoring patterns were examined under changing conditions. Ratings were assigned twice under workshop conditions and once under unsupervised isolated conditions. The workshops were used to identify criteria used by raters and then to obtain an agreed set of criteria using a consensus moderation approach. Results indicate that raters are influenced by their backgrounds, the moderation procedure and by the criteria depending on the circumstances under which the ratings were assigned. However a lack of fit of the ratings to a single dimension model over time, suggests that the raters may change their criteria under different conditions. Although similar ratings may be assigned, different criteria are employed by the same rater over time. The results seriously question the use of classical measurement approaches in the assessment of rater reliability.

Software reliability measurement

Abstract: The paper is concerned with evaluation of the reliability of software. It addresses the question of 'how to know whether it has been done successfully', with particular reference to the achievement of reliability targets. >

The Role of Static Analysis in Software Reliability Assessment

Abstract: Static analysis as a part of software reliability assessment in general aims in the detection of faults and anomalies, in the preparation of tests and in the collection of metrics for the qualitative and quantitative description of software attributes. It is shown that in addition to these objectives the demonstration of compliance between functions which are implemented in a program and those which are specified tin the software requirements specification) can be achieved by means of static analysis.