Showing papers on "Intraperitoneal injection published in 1969"

Delayed inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis after injection of an aqueous skin extract (chalone).

Abstract: Single or repeated injections of a crude aqueous extract of mouse skin inhibited DNA synthesis in epidermis within 9–12 hours after intraperitoneal injection. Similar injections of water or of an aqueous extract of liver did not affect epidermal DNA synthesis. The delayed inhibition of DNA synthesis suggests that the epidermal chalone may affect the decision of a cell to prepare for DNA synthesis 9–12 hours later.

Genetic factors in leucocyte responses to endotoxin: further studies in mice.

Abstract: Comparative studies of the leucocyte responses of two strains of highly inbred mice, which radically differ in their susceptibility to the lethal effects of endotoxin, indicate that the proportion of neutrophils to mononuclear cells in the peritoneal cavity after the intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin appears to be a function of the relative toxicity of the endotoxin. Therefore, the extravascular accumulation of leucocytes and mononuclears at the site of endotoxin injection may be a function of mechanisms that are influenced by the susceptibility of the host to the toxic effects of endotoxins. The degree of susceptibility appears to be determined in great measure by the genetic constitution of the host.

Intraperitoneal Injection of Mice

Abstract: Steward, Ornellas, Beernink, and Northway (2) reported a 14% error in the placement of intraperitoneal injections of mice. They considered this error inherent in the technique and not simply correctable. We similarly found an error in the intraperitoneal injection of mice and attempted to identify the cause of error by varying such technical procedures as size of needle, site of penetration (through lower left versus lower right quadrant), investigator, angle of needle to the abdominal wall, and speed of injection. None of these technical modifications consistently eliminated or reduced the error of placement.

Electron microscopic radioautographic studies of the carotid body following injections of labeled biogenic amine precursors

Abstract: Adult Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine 3 days before an intraperitoneal injection of (3)H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or (3)H-5, hydroxytryptophan and the carotid bodies were subsequently prepared for electron microscopic radioautography. Other Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine and the carotid bodies were subjected to a sensitive cytochemical test for the detection of unsubstituted amines. These studies were made to determine whether the labeled amine precursors were incorporated into the cells and to see whether the parenchymal cells were affected by reserpine treatment. Material from hamsters treated first with reserpine and subsequently injected with (3)H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or (3)H-5, hydroxytryptophan exhibited reduced grains of silver over the cells which were associated mainly with the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. These studies offer evidence that the granules of the carotid body incorporate catecholamine and indolamine precursors. Material from hamsters incubated for the presence of unsubstituted amines gave a positive reaction (opaque cytoplasmic granules) for catecholamines but not for indolamines. The latter substances may not be present in quantities sufficient to register a positive reaction in the cytochemical test. The opaque granules, indicative of the presence of catecholamines, decreased in density after reserpine treatment. 5 days after one reserpine injection the granules had regained opacity and were comparable to those seen in the control cells.

Allergenicity of Mycobacterial Ribosomal and Ribonucleic Acid Preparations in Mice and Guinea Pigs

Abstract: Guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with mycobacterial ribosomal fraction incorporated in Freund's incomplete adjuvant and tested 6 and 12 weeks later by the intradermal injection of 0.5 mug (25 TU) of Purified Protein Derivative. No evidence of delayed-type hypersensitivity could be detected in these animals, although large necrotic reactions were obtained in guinea pigs sensitized with living, attenuated mycobacterial cells. Mice also were vaccinated by the intraperitoneal injection of mycobacterial ribosomal fraction or ribonucleic acid (RNA) and tested for sensitivity to tuberculin at various subsequent times. No evidence of true tuberculin hypersensitivity could be detected at any time, although what appeared to be small Arthus type reactions were seen in mice given the largest vaccinating doses. Attempts to recall tuberculin sensitivity in vaccinated mice by the intravenous injection, 4 weeks after vaccination of living cells, of either the virulent or attenuated mycobacterial strains were unsuccessful. Instead, when the virulent cells were injected, a suppression of footpad reactivity was noted in animals made sensitive to tuberculin by the previous intraperitoneal injection of viable attenuated mycobacterial cells. Both guinea pigs and mice, vaccinated as described above, were also skin tested or footpad tested, respectively, with 2 mug of the ribosomal fraction or RNA used for vaccination. No evidence of true tuberculin hypersensitivity could be obtained; instead, in guinea pig skin very small dermonecrotic areas were noted, and in mice swelling and redness of the footpad occurred to an equal extent in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated mice. The possible role of tuberculin hypersensitivity in acquired immunity to tuberculosis is discussed, and the conclusion is reached that its part, if any, is minor.

Dexamethasone suppression of ACTH release: effect of the interval between steroid administration and the application of stimuli known to release ACTH.

Abstract: Dexamethasone was given to female rats by intraperitoneal injection (400 μg/100 g) or in the overnight drinking water (20 μg/ml). ACTH release was studied by measuring the plasma corticosterone response 20 min after the application of various stimuli. Four hr after the injection of dexamethasone the response to a tourniquet about the calf was inhibited; the response to urethane, gut stretch, hemorrhage or 50 mU/100 g vasopressin was partially inhibited but there was no inhibition of the response to 500 mU/100 g vasopressin. Overnight dexamethasone markedly reduced the response to all stimuli except 500 mil vasopressin. The relationship between the time of injection of dexamethasone and the application of the stimulus was tested by stimulating ACTH release with ip urethane. Ten hr after injection of dexamethasone there was complete suppression of ACTH release in response to urethane, but this suppression largely disappeared at 24 hr. It is concluded that the inhibition of ACTH release by large doses of dex...

Effects of RES "blockade" on antibody-formation. I. Suppressed cellular and humoral haemolysin responses in mice injected with carbon particles.

Abstract: Antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes, as detected both at the cellular and humoral level, was suppressed in adult mice after reticulo-endothelial cell (RES) blockade induced by intraperitoneal injection of colloidal carbon. Fewer antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC) appeared in spleens of carbon pretreated mice as compared to normal controls following intraperitoneal immunization with sheep erythrocytes. The day of peak antibody response was the same, however, for both control and carbon treated animals. There was no compensatory increase in the number of PFCs in other lymphoid organs of carbon treated animals. Similarly, carbon inoculation had no detectable effect on the number of `background' PFCs in the spleens of unstimulated mice. The time of injection of carbon in relation to time of immunization influenced the effect since injection of carbon 24–48 hours prior to RBC injection resulted in maximum immunosuppression. Injection of carbon 4–5 days before red blood cells resulted in only partial immunosuppression. Treatment with carbon 1–2 weeks prior to immunization had no detectable effect. Similarly, injection of carbon 1 or 2 days after immunization had little or no effect on the peak plaque response. The decrease in the amount of serum antibody to sheep red blood cells in carbon treated mice was not as marked as that which occurred on the individual cell level. However, most of the antibody in the sera of carbon treated animals was susceptible to 2-mercaptoethanol, even 1 or 2 weeks after immunization. On the other hand, serum antibody from control mice was mainly 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive only during the first week after immunization. Immunosuppression seemed to be related to a direct effect of carbon since the supernatant fluid obtained from carbon suspensions was not suppressive. Also, washed or dialysed carbon preparations were just as effective as the original preparation in suppressing antibody responses.

Labeling Index and Cellular Density in Palatine Shelves of Cleft-Palate Mice

Abstract: Cortisone-induced cleft-palate A/Jax fetal mice were administered tritiated thymidine by intraperitoneal injection of the mothers. Labeled mesenchymal cells of the palatine shelves showed a significant reduction. Also, there was reduced intercellular substance indicated by increased cell density.

Brain glycogen after intracisternal insulin injection.

Abstract: — Intracisternal injection of 0·1 i.u. of insulin to rats caused an increase in the brain glycogen content. Intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of the same amount had no effect on brain glycogen. The increase after intracisternal injection was first observed after 3–4 hr.

Changes in 3H-estradiol distribution with development in the rat.

Abstract: 3H-estradiol distribution in several brain areas, pituitary, liver and plasma was compared in 4- and 15-day-old rats and in intact and ovariectomized female adults 1, 3, 5 and 24 hr after a single intraperitoneal injection (5 μg/100 g body wt) of 3H-estradiol. In all groups at all time periods, radioactivity levels were 3–10 times higher in pituitary than in brain. In the adult brain, radioactivity was highest in brain stem, presumably because of its high lipid levels, next highest in hypothalamus and septum, andlowest in cerebral cortex. Plasma levels wereabout 100 times higher in 4-day-old rats than inintact adults. Pituitary and brain concentrationswere 3–10 times higher in 4-day-old ratsthan in adults 1 hr after injection, but were thesame after 24 hr. Tissue: plasma ratios werehigher in adults than in young rats. In 4-day-oldrats, tissue:plasma ratios were the same forcerebral cortex and hypothalamus, whereas inadult rats the ratio for hypothalamus was significantlyhigher than for cortex. In adults, ...

Collagen biosynthesis in normal and cirrhotic rat liver slices.

Abstract: The fibrosis that accompanies hepatic cirrhosis, either that produced in animals experimentally (for example, by CCI4, ethionine, or choline-free diet) or that occurring in man (viral, alcoholic-nutritional or biliary) is one of the main features of the diseas.Two mechanisms have been proposed for the development of fibrosis: (a) condensation or collapse of preexisting hepatic stroma (2), and (b) induction of fibroblastic proliferation and de novo collagen deposition (5). The latter mechanism is supported by evidence showing a net increase of total collagen content or an increase of hydroxyproline content per unit weight of liver (3, 7). The present experimens were designed to explore the capacities of normal and cirrhotic rat liver slices to synthesize protein containing radioactive hydroxyproline in the course of incubation with labeled proline.Materials and Methods. Male Wistar albino rats weighing from 60 to 70 g were fed ad libitum with Purina chow. Cirrhosis was produced by intraperitoneal injection...

The metabolism of tellurium in rats.

Abstract: The metabolism of 127mTe as tellurous acid in rats has been studied by gamma-ray counting of the whole body, various tissues, and the excreta. The whole-body retention of tellurium after intraperitoneal injection or gavage may be described by a sum of exponential terms. The variation with time of the tellurium content of the analysed tissues has been examined and shown to fit the whole-body retention curve.

Immunological studies on mouse mammary tumors. I. Induction of resistance to tumor isograft in C3H/He mice.

Abstract: An isografted tumor MM2, originating from a spontaneous mammary tumor in a C3H/He/mouse, killed 4- to 5-week-old mice within 30 days through intraperitoneal injection of 2 × 104 cells per mouse. It was shown that resistance to the isograft was induced by injection of 1.5 × 105 or 2.0 × 105 tumor cells sensitized with serum (5 μg antibody N) of rabbits immunized with the tumor. Four weeks after injection of the sensitized MM2 cells, 173 C3H/He mice were challenged intraperitoneally with fresh unsensitized MM2 in doses of 5 × 105 to 1 × 106 cells per mouse. Of these, 119 mice survived without any sign of tumor growth while all untreated mice died. The mean survival time for untreated mice was 18.1 days (± 1.7) when inoculated with 5 × 105 cells and 16.2 days (± 1.8) when inoculated with 1 × 106 cells. After the second challenge with the same number of fresh unsensitized cells, 117 out of 119 mice survived without any sign of tumor growth. All of 15 mice randomly selected from these resistant mice were tested for acceptance of skin grafts from normal C3H/He mice. The grafts showed no rejection even 150 days after the second graft. After hyperimmunization of these resistant mice, the serum of the spleen extract taken from the mice inhibited growth of tumors when the tumors were premixed in vitro and injected intraperitoneally into C3H/He mice.

Epidermal cell proliferation during the first 24 hr after injection of an aqueous skin extract (Chalone).

Abstract: After a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg of lyophilized skin powder (“chalone”), the epidermal mitotic rate in hairless mice was depressed for about 4 hr. The period of decreased mitotic rate was not followed by an increased mitotic rate in the subsequent 22 hr. The results suggested that the depression of the mitotic rate could be caused by a delay of cells in G2, and that some of the affected cells in G2 were permanently prevented from continuing their division.

Liver growth associated with the induction of demethylase activity after injection of 3-methylcholanthrene in immature rats.

Abstract: Summary One intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg of 3-methylcholanthrene into immature male and female rats results in an increase in azo dye demethylase activity. This is followed by an increase in wet and dry liver weight and in total protein, which reaches a peak of about 30–40% above control levels within 3 or 4 days. Cell proliferation contributes to the increase in liver weight and protein as indicated by an increase in the total DNA and nuclear count. Some of the increase in cell number is probably due to hepatocyte proliferation since there is an increase in heptaocyte mitotic activity. Between 5 and 7 days after injection of 3-methylcholanthrene, the liver weight, protein, DNA, and nuclear count begin to decrease to control values, which they reach by 14 days. The decline in these parameters of liver growth is closely associated with a decrease in the azo dye demethylase activity.

A method for the study of cholesterol biosynthesis in the central nervous system. Incorporation of [2-14C]mevalonic lactone after intraperitoneal, intracisternal and intraventricular administration in the rat.

Abstract: — 1 After intraperitoneal injection, there is negligible incorporation of [2-14C]-mevalonic lactone into the CNS of the adult rat. 2 Mevalonic lactone injected into the CSF is quickly transferred to blood. 3 Mevalonic lactone injected in the cistema magna or the lateral ventricle of the brain does not diffuse readily into the whole CSF. Spinal cord cholesterol is most heavily labelled after intracisternal injection, as is brain cholesterol after intraventricular administration. 4 After intraventricular perfusion, the diffusion of mevalonic lactone into the ventricle opposite the side of the injection is increased when the rate of perfusion is doubled from 5 to 10 μ1/hr. After injection, optimal homogeneity is obtained if a large volume (70μl) is administered. 5 An increase in the volume of injection from 70 μl to 130μl does not alter the distribution of activity between the left and right ventricles, nor does it increase the diffusion of mevalonic lactone from ventricle to spinal cord CSF. 6 The mean yield of mevalonic lactone incorporation into brain cholesterol is much higher after injection than after perfusion of precursor into the lateral cerebral ventricle.

Enhancement by glucose of the inhibition of an Ehrlich ascites tumor by tetraazatricyclododecane.

Abstract: The survival of mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumors was prolonged by the intraperitoneal injection on the following day of an isotonic solution of glucose (100 ml/kg) containing 1 to 2 millimoles of tetraazatricyclododecane per kg of body weight The addition of tetraazatricyclododecane to the solution of glucose increased the average length of survival (geometric mean) from 180 to 149 days When isotonic galactose or sodium chloride was substituted for glucose, the addition of tetraazatricyclododecane increased the average survival from 194 to 714 days The difference between the two increases in survival has a probability of 1 in 50 of being due to chance alone Similar injections made subcutaneously were ineffective

Modification of urethan-lung tumor incidence by low x-radiation doses, cortisone, and transfusion of isogenic lymphocytes.

Abstract: : Young adult male LAF1 mice were exposed to a single (300 R) dose of X rays, followed one day later by an intraperitoneal injection of urethan, 0.08 mg or 0.2 per gram body weight Cortisone acetate was injected subcutaneously, 7 injections of 2.5 mg each, on alternate days beginning one day after irradiation. The mice were sacrificed 25 to 26 weeks after the urethan injection, and the enumeration of lung tumor incidence was made by standard procedures. The percent of mice bearing lung tumors was highest (50%) in the group receiving 300 R plus urethan (0108 mg/g), as compared with 12.5% in the control mice irradiated only, and 16% in those receiving urethan only. Thus, X radiation and urethan can be additive for lung tumorigenesis. (Author)

Cell culture bioassay for vincristine sulfate in sera from mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys.

Abstract: Summary When vincristine sulfate (VCR) was added to serum from mice, rats, dogs, or monkeys, as little as 0.01 µ g/ml of VCR could be detected in a KB cell culture system. The bioassay was able to detect 88 to 100 percent of VCR added to the various serum samples. Mice and rats were treated intraperitoneally with 2.9 and 2.0 mg/kg respectively of VCR and bled at specific time intervals following drug administration. Dogs and monkeys were injected intravenously with 1.0 mg/kg of drug and bled at intervals of five minutes to four hours. In mice, dogs, and monkeys, the concentration of VCR was highest (0.3 to 1.0 µ g/ml of serum) at the shortest time interval tested (five minutes) after injection of VCR and decreased rapidly to low but detectable levels (0.02 to 0.05 µ g/ml of serum) by four or six hours posttreatment. In the rat, the maximum blood level was observed at 20 minutes following intraperitoneal injection of 2.0 mg/kg of the drug and was not detectable at 180 minutes postdrug injection.

Biochemical changes in beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile-treated rat brain and prevention of toxicity by ethionine.

Abstract: — The administration of β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to rats, either in five daily injections of 30 mg, or in a single injection of 100 mg/100 g body wt., resulted in the development of severe damage to the central nervous system and retinal vasculature. These changes were prevented by the daily intraperitoneal injection of 24 mg dl-ethionine/100 g body wt. Significant increases in the oxygen uptake of IDPN-treated rat brain were found when measured in the presence of succinate or glutamate as substrates. IDPN (5 mm) did not affect the oxygen uptake of brain homogenates in vitro when measured in the presence of the same substrates. The cytochrome oxidase activity of rat brain was not significantly changed by in vivo administration of IDPN, nor by the presence of 5 mm-IDPN in vitro. The lactate content of the IDPN-treated rat brain was significantly increased by the eighth day. There were no changes in the dry wt., total protein, lipid or phospholipid content of the IDPN-treated rat brain, even after 4 weeks. These findings are discussed with reference to previous experiments on the toxic action of IDPN on the central nervous system and retinal vasculature.