Showing papers on "Intraperitoneal injection published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, butylated hydroxytoluene was administered intraperitoneally to two strains of mice in the dose range 0.004-2.5 g/kg.
Abstract: SummaryButylated hydroxytoluene was administered intraperitoneally to two strains of mice in the dose range 0.004-2.5 g/kg. Histological examination of the lung tissue revealed thickened interalveolar septa, congestion and a general pattern of tissue disorganization at doses of 0.25 g/kg and above. The observed effects are apparently reversible and have a threshold in the vicinity of 0.04 g/kg.
101 citations
TL;DR: The data appear to support the view that the synthesis and turnover of 5-HT is regulated by a feed-back mechanism operating via changes in the intraneuronal 5- HT levels and/or in the activity of postsynaptic5-HT receptors.
Abstract: L-Tryptophan and various agents known to interfere with the brain monoamines were injected intraperitoneally to mice. Subsequently, the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the brain induced by the intraperitoneal injection of the decarboxylase inhibitor Ro 4-4602 was investigated. Also the tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the brain were measured.
90 citations
TL;DR: Examination of type I and type II substrate difference spectra indicate that induction at higher levels was not only greater but that the cytochrome induced was qualitatively different from that induced at lower levels.
85 citations
TL;DR: Although it remains to be shown whether DNA methylation is related to the initiation of cancer, the data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that cytoplasmic mutations are involved in carcinogenesis.
74 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that cell proliferation was greatly stimulated within 2 days after lead was injected, and indicates that the stimulatory effects of uninephrectomy and injection of lead on renal cell proliferation were additive.
Abstract: Effects of a single dose of lead (0.04 mg lead g body weight) on the proliferation of proximal tubular epithelium in rat kidneys were investigated by autoradiography over a period of 72 hours, using 3H-thymidine as a label. The results demonstrate that cell proliferation was greatly stimulated within 2 days after lead was injected. The increase in DNA synthesis began about 20 hours after intraperitoneal injection of lead, reached a sharp peak at 30 hours, and declined rapidly thereafter. At the peak, the mean labeling activity was 40 times that observed in control rats. Cumulatively, an average of 14.5% of the proximal tubular epithelial cells were labeled 72 hours after lead was injected. When uninephrectomy was followed immediately by injection of lead, the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the remaining kidney was, on the average, greater than the sum of the separate effects of the two treatments. This indicates that the stimulatory effects of uninephrectomy and injection of lead on renal cell proliferation were additive.
69 citations
TL;DR: At 8 h after injection of guanethidine into the third ventricle of the brain in male rats, plasma corticosterone was 38.8±3.2 µg/100 ml and hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were l.l0 and 0.27±0.06, suggesting that the adrenergic inhibition is mediated by norpinephrine rather than dopamine.
Abstract: At 8 h after injection of guanethidine, 1 mg/kg, into the third ventricle of the brain in male rats, plasma corticosterone was 38.8±3.2 µg/100 ml and hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were l.08±0.l0 and 0.27±0.06 µg/g, respectively. After intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine, 30 mg/kg, plasma corticosterone was 4.7 ± 1.1 and hypothalamic NE and DA were 1.86 ± 0.09 and 0.37 ± 0.08. Since guanethidine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, these observations support the hypothesis that adrenergic inhibition of ACTH secretion is mediated by adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Following specific depletion of NE by FLA-63, an inhibitor of dopamine-β-oxidase, plasma corticosterone was 56.4 ± 6.2. Hypothalamic NE content was decreased 50% while DA content was unchanged. This suggests that the adrenergic inhibition is mediated by norepinephrine rather than dopamine.
56 citations
TL;DR: In general, the compound proved to be quite toxic and very irritating in the systems employed, and Alteration of pentobarbital sleeping time in mice was determined following administration by inhalation and intraperitoneal injection.
48 citations
TL;DR: A significant depression in the evoked potentials was obtained with the high dose of alcohol, and was found to be even more striking at the visual cortex than at the reticular formation, but no significant effect was observed with the low dosage of alcohol at either site.
38 citations
TL;DR: Albino rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of approximately 2.8 μCi, submicron-sized 239PuO2 particles and about 27% of the animals developed mesotheli.
Abstract: Albino rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of approximately 28 μCi, submicron-sized 239PuO2 particles From 30 to 35% of the initially injected dose was found in the omentum within fibrous adhesions by 6 months after plutonium injection About 27% of the animals developed mesotheli
35 citations
TL;DR: Qualitative and quantitative similarities in urinary excretion of aromatic acids between the rats used in this study and human patients with uncontrolled phenylketonuria indicate that a patient with a circulating phenylalanine concentration of the order of those achieved in the experimental animal may have aromatic acid concentrations in brain and liver comparable with those found in the Rats used in the present study.
Abstract: 1. Aromatic acids were extracted from brain and liver of rats with phenylketonuria-like characteristics produced by administration of phenylalanine, either alone or in combination with p-chlorophenylalanine. The metabolism of the aromatic acids in these tissues was measured by gas chromatography. 2. At 1h after an intraperitoneal injection of l-phenylalanine (1g/kg) in 23-day-old rats, the phenyl-lactate concentration was 2.2mug/g in the liver and 0.43mug/g in the brain, and the concentration of o-hydroxyphenylacetate was 0.26mug/g in the liver. 3. Phenylacetate concentrations in brain and liver were 0.26 and 0.14mug/g respectively. 4. Suckling rats produced phenyl-lactate less rapidly than weanling rats, but accumulated higher concentrations in longer-term experiments. 5. Intraperitoneal injections of phenyl-lactic acid showed that this compound could directly penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and could produce similar brain/liver ratios of phenyllactate to those found after phenylalanine injection. 6. Qualitative and quantitative similarities in urinary excretion of aromatic acids between the rats used in this study and human patients with uncontrolled phenylketonuria indicate that a patient with a circulating phenylalanine concentration of the order of those achieved in the experimental animal may have aromatic acid concentrations in brain and liver comparable with those found in the rats used in the present study.
34 citations
TL;DR: It seems unlikely that the anti-inflammatory action of cAMP is mediated solely by hyperglycemia or by increased production of corticosteroids.
TL;DR: The glucose turnover rate of the 30-day-old rat was significantly greater than (approximately twice) that of the 2- and 10- day-old rats and the relative size of both the glucose pool and the glucose space decreased with age.
Abstract: 1. The specific radioactivity of plasma d-glucose and the incorporation of 14C into plasma l-lactate, liver glycogen and skeletal-muscle glycogen was measured as a function of time after the intraperitoneal injection of d-[6-14C]glucose and d-[6-3H]glucose into newborn, 2-, 10- and 30-day-old rats. 2. The log of the specific radioactivity of both plasma d-[6-14C]- and d-[6-3H]-glucose of the 2-, 10- and 30-day-old rats decreased linearly with time for at least 60min after injection of labelled glucose. The specific radioactivity of both plasma d-[6-14C]- and d-[6-3H]-glucose of the newborn rat remained constant for at least 75min after injection. 3. The glucose turnover rate of the 30-day-old rat was significantly greater than (approximately twice) that of the 2- and 10-day-old rats. The relative size of both the glucose pool and the glucose space decreased with age. Less than 10% of the glucose utilized in the 2-, 10- and 30-day-old rats was recycled via the Cori cycle. 4. The results are discussed in relationship to the availability of dietary glucose and other factors that may influence glucose metabolism in the developing rat.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the hyperthermia is a specific response to morphine, central in origin, and the result of diminished acetylcholine (ACh) release from central cholinergic neurones.
Abstract: 1. In rats, a subcutaneous injection of morphine (2·5 mg/kg) produced hyperthermia which was greatly attenuated by an intraperitoneal injection of physostigmine (0·1 mg/kg), but not of neostigmine (0·08 mg/kg) and promptly reversed by a subcutaneous injection of nalorphine.
2. It is concluded that the hyperthermia is a specific response to morphine, central in origin, and the result of diminished acetylcholine (ACh) release from central cholinergic neurones.
TL;DR: The present experiments show that the increased mutation frequency induced in the indicator organism after intraperitoneal injection and incubation may give false positive results in the host-mediated assay unless a comparison is made with suitable untreated controls, suggesting that one of the important defense mechanisms of higher animals against infectious organisms may be the induction of mutations.
Abstract: When Neurospora crassa conidia were injected into the peritoneal cavity of untreated mice or rats and kept there for more than 24 hours, the ad-3 mutation frequency among the surviving conidia increased sharply, more so in rats than in mice. This increase in the ad-3 mutation frequency was attributed both to direct cellular contact between conidia and mammalian cells and to macromolecules already present in untreated animals. Conidia enclosed in dialysis tubing or in diffusion chambers placed surgically in the peritoneal cavity had a much lower frequency of ad-3 mutations than conidia injected into the peritoneal cavity as a suspension. This was interpreted as indicating that the major fraction of mutations are mediated through a cellular contact. To determine whether the dialysis bags were permeable to mutagens, a comparison was made between the mutation frequencies obtained with conidia placed in dialysis bags and with conidia distributed at random throughout the peritoneal cavity in host animals treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). MMS (100 mg/kg) was injected into the tail vein 8 hours after the conidia were placed in the animals. Ten hours after the injection of the mutagen, the conidia were recovered and analyzed for the induction of ad-3 mutations. The MMS-induced mutation frequency was the same among both groups of conidia, demonstrating that the dialysis bags did not become impermeable to small molecules during the time of incubation in the animal. In the host-mediated assay an indiactor organism is injected into the peritoneal cavity of an animal which is then treated with a chemical or its metabolites, to assay for mutagenicity. The present experiments show that the increased mutation frequency induced in the indicator organism after intraperitoneal injection and incubation may give false positive results in the host-mediated assay unless a comparison is made with suitable untreated controls. Autopsies of animals 24 days after intraperitoneal inoculation with Neurospora conidia, and sectioning and staining of various organs (Malling and Cosgrove, 1970) showed that some conidia were still localized in various organs, even though essentially all of them had been inactivated 96 hours after injection. The inactivation of these fungal spores may result from an enzymatic degradation of their DNA, mediated by the host, and halting this process prematurely may result in the induction of recessive-lethal mutations. Thus these studies also suggest that one of the important defense mechanisms of higher animals against infectious organisms may be the induction of mutations.
TL;DR: It is shown that the synaptic bars of the frog represent a storage site for catecholamines or their precursors and that nialamide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, also causes a decrease in the size and density of synaptic bars compared with the untreated control.
TL;DR: Rapid uptake by the lungs, liver, kidney, adrenals, brain and spleen was observed, and by 6 h the radioactivity in most tissues except liver and testes had decreased to less than half of the max.
Abstract: 1. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 6-methoxytetrahydro-β-carboline, rapid uptake by the lungs, liver, kidney, adrenals, brain and spleen was observed, and by 6 h the radioactivity in most tissues except liver and testes had decreased to less than half of the max. values.2. Approximately 71% of the administered dose was found in the urine within 72 h, as compared to a total of 9% that appeared in the faeces over the same period of time. After oral administration, rats excreted 64 and 14% of the administered dose in 72 h in the urine and faeces, respectively.3. The major metabolic pathway for 6-methoxytetrahydro-β-carboline was hydroxylation of the 7-position and demethylation of the 6-methoxy group. The two metabolites, 6-methoxy-7-hydroxytetrahydro-β-carboline and 6-hydroxytetrahydro-β-carboline were excreted in urine in nearly equal amounts, almost entirely as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates with the latter predominating. The presence of conjugates of the two metabolites in the bile...
TL;DR: High doses of dopamine and norepinephrine injected directly into the striatum and hypothalamus induced motor hyperactivity in rats and pre-treatment with reserpine or parachlorophenylalanine to lower the serotonin level in the brain, followed by intracerebral injection of norpinephrine or dopamine failed to produce fighting or mounting behaviour.
Abstract: High doses of dopamine (59 μg) and norepinephrine (65 μg) injected directly into the striatum and hypothalamus induced motor hyperactivity in rats. The motor activity recorded on the Animex for a period of 60 min after injection of 65 μg of norepinephrine into the hypothalamus, showed a significant increase (p<0.005) in comparison with the controls. The increase in motor activity after dopamine (intrahypothalamic) and norepinephrine and dopamine (intrastriatal) was distinctly lower, although there was an initial large increase of motor activity after intrastriatally injected dopamine. Pre-treatment with reserpine or parachlorophenylalanine (intraperitoneal injection) to lower the serotonin level in the brain, followed by intracerebral injection of norepinephrine or dopamine failed to produce fighting or mounting behaviour.
TL;DR: Hemagglutinin and hemolysin production by congenitally thymusless mice in response to intraperitoneal injection of 107, 108, 109, or 1010 sheep erythrocytes was significantly lower than in normal littermate controls.
Abstract: SummaryHemagglutinin and hemolysin production by congenitally thymusless (“nude”) mice in response to intraperitoneal injection of 107, 108, 109, or 1010 sheep erythrocytes (SE) was significantly lower than in normal littermate controls. The plaque-forming cell response of nudes was also impaired. Rosette-forming cells (RFC) were observed in unimmunized nude mice. Injection of SE did not result in the formation of increased numbers of RFC in nude mice, whereas littermate controls responded strongly.The authors express appreciation to R. C. Roberts and D. S. Falconer for providing the breeding nucleus of mice carrying nude and to Mrs. Billie Welty for excellent technical assistance.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that injected oestrogen-glutathione conjugate undergoes conversion into N-acetylcysteine derivatives in vivo, which may be excreted in an apparently non-steroidal, possibly protein-bound form, which would not be detected by current analytical techniques.
Abstract: Adult male rats with cannulated or ligated bile ducts were given S-(2-hydroxyoestradiol-1-yl)[(35)S]glutathione, S-(2-hydroxy[6,7-(3)H(2)]oestradiol-1-yl)glutathione or S-(2-hydroxyoestradiol-1-yl)[glycine-(3)H]glutathione by intraperitoneal injection. The recovery of radioactivity in the bile of bile duct-cannulated rats was 33-86% and in the urine of bile duct-ligated rats was 54-105%. Oestrogen thioether derivatives of glutathione, cysteinylglycine, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine were isolated from bile; only the N-acetylcysteine derivatives could be identified in the urine. The steroid moiety was characterized by microchemical tests before and after treatment with Raney nickel: 2-hydroxyoestradiol-17beta was released from the glutathione conjugate, and 2-hydroxyoestrone and 2-hydroxyoestrone 3-methyl ether from the other conjugates. From intact rats the recovery of administered radioactivity was about 15% in the urine and 5% in the faeces over a period of several days and the radioactivity appeared to be largely protein-bound. The results demonstrate that injected oestrogen-glutathione conjugate undergoes conversion into N-acetylcysteine derivatives in vivo. Oestrogen-glutathione conjugates formed in the intact rat may be excreted in an apparently non-steroidal, possibly protein-bound form, which would not be detected by current analytical techniques.
TL;DR: The pattern of conjugation of 4-chlorophenacetyl-glutamine in these four species is similar to that found for phenylacetic acid itself (James et al., 1972).
Abstract: 1. The conjugation of 4-chloro- and 4-nitro-phenylacetic acid in man, rhesus monkey, capuchin monkey and the rat has been investigated.2. The four species excreted up to 95% of the radioactivity from an oral or injected dose of [14C]-4-chlorophenylacetic acid in the urine in 24 h. The major conjugate in the urine of a human subject after oral dosing, and the rhesus and capuchin monkeys after intramuscular injection, was 4-chlorophenacetyl-glutamine. The two monkeys, but not man, excreted also small amounts (<1% dose) of 4-chlorophenacetylglycine. The rat, however, excreted over 90% of the dose after intraperitoneal injection as the glycine conjugate and no glutamine derivative was detected. The rhesus and capuchin monkeys also excreted considerable amounts (up to 30% dose) of the acid unchanged.3. The pattern of conjugation of 4-chlorophenylacetic acid in these four species is similar to that found for phenylacetic acid itself (James et al., 1972).4. [14C]-4-Nitrophenylacetic acid was rapidly excreted in ...
TL;DR: It is suggested that the observed increase in tryptophan oxygenase in the liver may be the result of increased plasma adrenocortical hormone level following ethanol intoxication, or may be secondary to the induction of ALA (delta-aminolevulinic acid) synthetase and consequent enhanced heme production.
TL;DR: A single injection of 15 actinomycin D on Day 5 after mating interrupted pregnancy in five/five mice was studied to obtain information about the mode of action of the drug and its effect on the progress of the artificial decidual cell reaction was studied.
Abstract: A single injection of 15 \g=m\gactinomycin D on Day 5 after mating interrupted pregnancy in five/five mice. To obtain information about the mode of action of the drug, its effect on the progress of the artificial decidual cell reaction was studied. Ovariectomized mice were prepared for decidualization with exogenous hormones and decidualization induced by the intrauterine injection of arachis oil. Intraperitoneal injection of actinomycin D 7\m=1/2\
TL;DR: It is concluded that the rate of gluconeogenesis in the 2- and 10- day-old suckling rat is at least twice that of the weaned 30-day-old animal.
Abstract: 1. The specific radioactivity of plasma l-lactate and the incorporation of (14)C into plasma d-glucose, liver glycogen and skeletal-muscle glycogen were measured as a function of time after the intraperitoneal injection of l-[U-(14)C]lactate into 2-, 10- and 30-day-old rats. 2. Between 15 and 60min after the injection of the l-[U-(14)C]lactate, the specific radioactivity of plasma lactate decreased with a half-life of 20-33min in animals at all three ages. 3. At all times after injection examined, the specific radioactivity of plasma glucose of the 2- and 10-day-old rats was at least fourfold greater than that of the 30-day-old rats. 4. Although (14)C was incorporated into liver glycogen the amount incorporated was always less than 5% of that present in plasma glucose. 5. The results are discussed with reference to the factors that may influence the rate of incorporation of (14)C into plasma glucose, and it is concluded that the rate of gluconeogenesis in the 2- and 10-day-old suckling rat is at least twice that of the weaned 30-day-old animal.
TL;DR: Proinsulin exerts no antagonistic or synergistic effect on insulin but exhibits an additive effect with submaximal concentrations of insulin, and is one eighth as effective as insulin in promoting glucose oxidation in both tissues.
Abstract: By the use of the intraperitoneal injection method, the in vivo effect of various concentrations of insulin or pro-insulin alone and in combination has been studied on the conversion of glucose-U-C-14 into labeled lipid of epididymal fat pad and labeled glycogen of the diaphragm of rats. On a molar basis proinsulin is one eighth as effective as insulin in promoting glucose oxidation in both tissues. Proinsulin exerts no antagonistic or synergistic effect on insulin but exhibits an additive effect with submaximal concentrations of insulin.
TL;DR: Dextrose or saline was administered to sand rats by either intraperitoneal injection, esophageal intubation, or by a combination of these routes, and unlike Sprague-Dawley rats, sand rats responded to the stress ofintubation with decreased tolerance to the glucose load.
Abstract: SummaryDextrose or saline was administered to sand rats by either intraperitoneal injection, esophageal intubation, or by a combination of these routes. Unlike Sprague-Dawley rats, sand rats responded to the stress of intubation with decreased tolerance to the glucose load.
TL;DR: In this article, the accumulation of cadmium and changes in contents of some essential metals in the livers were studied for rats receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of Cadmium at 4, 14, 24 and 96 hr after the injection.
Abstract: Accumulation of cadmium and changes in contents of some essential metals in the livers were studied for rats receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium at 4, 14, 24 and 96 hr after the injection. Changes in intracellular distributions of these metals in the liver were also studied. Cadmium content in the liver increased with time and was about 34.2% of the injected amount at 96 hr after the injection. Calcium content in the liver showed a temporal increase by cadmium injectionand got its maximum at 14 hr after the injection. Increase of zinc and copper con-tents in the liver occured after cadmium injection. Zinc content was about 2.3 times arger than that of control level at 96 hr after cadmium injection. The increase of these metals mainly occured in the supernatant fraction. Manganese content in the liver decreased by cadmium injection, which was most remarkabe in the mitochondrial fraction. Relation between the accumulation of cadmium and the increase of zinc and copper contents in the supernatant fraction was discussed in relation to metallothionein or cadmium-binding protein.
TL;DR: Rat tissues can remove inorganic fluoride from fluorocitrate on a special diet, as the ordinary rat pellets may contain up to 20 parts/106 of in organic fluoride.
Abstract: In contrast to the extreme toxicity of fluorocitrate inside mitochondria or the brain, growing rats were able to drink sublethal doses of the carbon fluorine compound for periods up to 7 months without harm; the total dose so consumed was 6 times a lethal dose given by intraperitoneal injection. In an attempt to explain the reduced 9oral9 toxicity using fluorocitrate labelled with $^{14}$C in the 2 position, it was found that the mixed oxidase system in rat liver microsomes did not metabolize the $^{14}$C moiety. When given by the intraperitoneal route, the labelled carbon was mainly excreted in the urine within 48 h. On the other hand, when non-labelled Na fluorocitrate (synthetic) was given to rats in a single oral dose, much inorganic fluoride was excreted together with citrate. Hence rat tissues can remove inorganic fluoride from fluorocitrate. This proof required a preliminary stabilization of the urinary excretion of inorganic fluoride on a special diet, as the ordinary rat pellets (41 B) may contain up to 20 parts/10$^{6}$ of inorganic fluoride.
TL;DR: Normal and p -chlorophenylalanine pretreated rabbits were subjected to intraventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine, and subcellular distribution of5-HT in the brain stem, drug effects and behavioural changes were investigated.
TL;DR: A decreased FFA response in the aorta was observed in animals adapted to repeated ACTH administration, and the age of the animal also influenced the total aortic triglyceride content in relation to its nitrogen content it increased with age.
TL;DR: A significant decrease in brain/plasma ratio of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AAIB) was found in mice while blood ethanol concentrations were above 100 mg/100 ml blood, and this decrease was present whether ethanol was administered by gastric intubation or by intraperitoneal injection.