Showing papers on "Intraperitoneal injection published in 1988"
TL;DR: A single intraperitoneal injection was protected in a dose-dependent manner up to 100% of mice from radiation-induced death due to hematopoietic syndrome, and significant therapeutic effects were also achieved with a single dose of IFN-gamma or of TNF.
119 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that oxygen derived free radicals are involved in the early pathogenesis of caerulein induced AP in rats, and the greatly extended circulating half life of polyethylene PEG:SOD may make this compound more suitable than native superoxide dismutase as a potential therapeutic agent in AP.
Abstract: The effects of a polyethylene glycol linked oxygen free radical scavenger enzyme, superoxide dismutase (PEG:SOD) on caerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats were examined. Pancreas weights and serum amylase concentrations in rats given a three hour continuous intravenous infusion of caerulein (7.5 micrograms/kg/h, n = 18) for induction of AP followed by a three hour infusion of normal saline were significantly raised by approximately 25% (p less than 0.005) and 750% (p less than 0.001), respectively, compared with values obtained in control rats (n = 7) infused for six hours with normal saline alone. A single intraperitoneal injection of either 1 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 6), 2 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5), or 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5) of PEG:SOD immediately before caerulein infusion did not significantly alter pancreas weights, serum amylase content, or pancreatic histopathology compared with rats given caerulein alone. By contrast, a single intravenous bolus injection of 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 9) of PEG:SOD before caerulein treatment significantly reduced serum amylase content by approximately 25% (p less than 0.05) and a continuous six hour intravenous infusion of 4 X 10(4) U/kg/h of PEG:SOD (n = 5) produced significant reductions of approximately 25% (p less than 0.001), 35% (p less than 0.05), and 50% (p less than 0.01) in pancreas weights, serum amylase concentrations, and acinar cell vacuolisation (p less than 0.01), respectively, compared with values in rats given caerulein alone. In studies using bovine serum albumin linked to polyethylene glycol and infused for six hours at protein concentrations identical to high dose PEG:SOD (n = 6), no beneficial effects against caerulein induced AP were observed. These data suggest that (a) oxygen derived free radicals are involved in the early pathogenesis of caerulein induced AP in rats, and (b) the greatly extended circulating half life of polyethylene PEG:SOD ( > 35 hours in rats compared with less than six minutes for native superoxide dismutase) may make this compound more suitable than native superoxide dismutase as a potential therapeutic agent in AP.
116 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that postischemic blood glucose concentrations play an important role in modulating both ischemic infarction and selective neuronal necrosis in rats treated with insulin.
Abstract: The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia following 10.5 minutes of forebrain ischemia was studied in the rat. All groups received preischemic glucose loading (2 gm/kg) to promote brain infarction. Following completion of ischemia, rats received either 2 to 3 IU/kg (low-dose group) or 8 to 20 IU/kg (high-dose group) insulin. During the survival period, blood glucose concentrations were maintained in the ranges of 1.2 to 2.9 mM and 2.9 to 4.9 mM, respectively, for the low-dose and high-dose insulin groups. Control rats were given 2 gm/kg glucose immediately following ischemia. During the recovery period, until perfusion at 7 days, they were given glucose, 2 gm/kg, twice daily by intraperitoneal injection, and their drinking water was supplemented with 25% glucose. Mortality (p less than 0.05) and postischemic seizure incidence (p less than 0.01) were significantly reduced in the low-dose insulin group compared to the control group. Mortality was increased in the high-dose insulin group compared to the control group and was associated with an increased incidence of postischemic seizures. Neuropathological examination revealed no cortical infarction in the low-dose or high-dose insulin-treated rats compared to a 60% incidence of cortical infarction in the control group. In addition, the high-dose insulin-treated group showed a significant reduction in striatal and hippocampal CA1 selective neuronal necrosis compared to control rats with comparable survivals (p less than 0.05). The findings suggest that postischemic blood glucose concentrations play an important role in modulating both ischemic infarction and selective neuronal necrosis.
109 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of bacterial infections in neutropenic patients.
Abstract: The in vivo effect of Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil function was studied in golden Syrian hamsters. Significant increases in superoxide generation and specific binding of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine were observed in neutrophils isolated 4 h following a single subcutaneous injection of the factor (30 micrograms/kg). However, phagocytotic activity was not significantly stimulated in hamsters treated with the factor. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor hastened the recovery of peripheral neutrophil counts in animals made leukopenic by prior treatment with cyclophosphamide. Beginning several hours after infection, resistance to lethal infection following intraperitoneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus was increased when neutropenic animals were treated daily with the factor. This protective effect was associated with increased peritoneal neutrophil counts and a decreased incidence of positive peritoneal bacterial cultures at 24 h after the start of treatment. These results suggest that recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of bacterial infections in neutropenic patients.
80 citations
TL;DR: These studies show that neurophysiologic abnormalities occur as early as 2 h after intraperitoneal injection of sulfadimethoxine, and are reversible with appropriate therapy, and provide a model system in which the timing and efficacy of therapeutic intervention may be evaluated.
Abstract: Bilirubin toxicity produces significant neurologic and audiologic sequelae. Successful therapeutic intervention requires an understanding of the timing of neural dysfunction after exposure to bilirubin. BAEP were used in an animal model of bilirubin encephalopathy to study the onset of neural dysfunction after acute injection of a sulfonamide used to displace bilirubin out of the bloodstream and into tissue. Fourteen pairs of jaundiced Gunn rats from eight litters were studied at postnatal day 18. Baseline BAEP recordings were performed in anesthetized animals; then either sulfadimethoxine or an equal volume of saline was injected into the peritoneum. Another BAEP was done immediately, and then 2, 4, and 8 h after injection. Human serum albumin was injected into an additional 10 animals after the 2-h BAEP recording to see if induced BAEP abnormalities could be corrected. The sulfonamide-treated jj rats developed increased latencies for waves II and III, and I-II and I-III interwave intervals (p less than 0.0001). The latencies were prolonged by 2 h after injection and became progressively longer at 4 and 8 h. The amplitudes of waves II and III progressively decreased at 2, 4, and 8 h (p less than 0.0001). Latency and amplitude of waves I and IV did not change. The rats injected with albumin at 2 h showed improvement of BAEP abnormalities at 8 h. These studies show that neurophysiologic abnormalities occur as early as 2 h after intraperitoneal injection of sulfadimethoxine, and are reversible with appropriate therapy. These abnormalities are hypothesized to be due to the sulfonamide driven net transfer of free, toxic bilirubin into the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
69 citations
TL;DR: An immune-mediated reaction to food protein was associated with diarrhea and altered intestinal myoelectric and motor activity in this animal model of intestinal anaphylaxis.
Abstract: Intestinal motility was examined in an animal model of intestinal anaphylaxis. Hooded-Lister rats were sensitized (S) by intraperitoneal injection of 10 micrograms egg albumin (Ag) and compared with sham-sensitized controls (C). Seven days later three bipolar jejunal electrodes and a jejunostomy tube for motility recording and Ag administration were implanted. On day 14 intestinal myoelectric and motor activity were measured in fasted animals before and after intraluminal administration of either 10 mg egg albumin in 0.5 ml saline, 10 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 0.5 ml saline, or placebo (P) challenge with 0.5 ml saline. Specific immunoglobulin E serum titers were greater than or equal to 1:64 in S animals, whereas C animals showed no response. None of the C animals challenged with P or Ag and none of the S animals challenged with P or BSA defecated after challenge, but all the S animals challenged with Ag developed diarrhea (P less than 0.001). In S animals challenged with Ag, the fasting motility pattern was disrupted, the migrating motor complex was abolished (P = 0.002), and the frequency of aborally propagating clustered contractions was increased (P less than 0.01). In this animal model an immune-mediated reaction to food protein was associated with diarrhea and altered intestinal myoelectric and motor activity.
58 citations
TL;DR: Styrene oxide was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage as styrene (250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Styrene was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation (300, 100, 50, 25, 10 and 0 ppm, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 52 weeks); by gavage (250, 50 and 0 mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks), by intraperitoneal injection (50 and 0 mg in olive oil, four times at 2-month intervals), by subcutaneous injection (50 and 0 mg in olive oil, once). Styrene oxide was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage as styrene (250, 50 and 0 mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks). The animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Para-methylstyrene was also administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at 500, 250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg b.w., and to Swiss mice at 250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg b.w., in olive oil, once daily, 5 days weekly, for 108 weeks and 78 weeks, respectively. The study was terminated when the survival rate reached 50% in at least one experimental group. Styrene, when given by inhalation, was found to cause an increase in total (benign and malignant) and malignant mammary tumors. Styrene oxide produced a high incidence of tumors in the forestomach (papillomas, acanthomas, and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas). Para-methylstyrene was not shown to be carcinogenic.
58 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that taurine antagonized doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and significantly improved the survival rate of the mice treated with doxorbicin, demonstrating that a substantial myocardial damage had occurred.
Abstract: The effect of taurine on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was examined in mice. A single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg) produced a significant elevation of calcium and lipoperoxide content at 72 hr, as well as a significant depletion of creatine phosphokinase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities at 48 hr and glutathione peroxidase activity at 24 hr in the myocardium. These results suggest that a substantial myocardial damage had occurred. All biochemical alterations except depletion of glutathione peroxidase, were markedly attenuated by the combined oral and intraperitoneal administration of taurine. Taurine significantly improved the survival rate of the mice treated with doxorubicin. These results demonstrate that taurine antagonized doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
50 citations
TL;DR: Repeated intraperitoneal injections of an emulsion of sheep IgG or human growth hormone in complete Freund's adjuvant, together with a single intra peritoneal injection of Pristane, induced ascites formation in most mice within 5 weeks, and the antibodies derived from the ascitic fluid proved suitable for application in a radioimmunoassay.
Abstract: Balb/c mice immunised intraperitoneally with insulin developed significantly higher antibody concentrations in their serum than mice immunised subcutaneously. The antibody response was dose related, 50 ug amounts being more effective than either 20 ug or 5 ug amounts. In contrast, the antibody titres in the ascitic fluid of mice immunised with growth hormone were significantly higher after 5 ug when compared to 25 and 100 ug amounts. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of an emulsion of sheep IgG or human growth hormone in complete Freund's adjuvant, together with a single intraperitoneal injection of Pristane, induced ascites formation in most mice within 5 weeks. Up to 90 mL could be obtained from a single mouse by abdominal tapping, and the antibodies derived from the ascitic fluid proved suitable for application in a radioimmunoassay.
50 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that GPL antigens or their metabolites affect lymphocyte function and may be important cofactors in the overall pathogenesis of M. avium complex infections.
Abstract: Intraperitoneal injection of glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigens from Mycobacterium avium complex serovar 4 resulted in the decreased ability of murine splenic lymphocytes to respond to nonspecific-mitogen-induced blastogenesis when exposed to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide. Adherent cell depletion and cell mixing experiments with T lymphocytes indicated that macrophages were not a major contributor to the immunosuppression observed in this study. Enumeration of splenic lymphocytes by means of flow-cytometry with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of GPL antigens resulted in a significant decrease in Thy-1+ and Lyt-1+ cells but no change in the numbers of Lyt-2+ cells. Treatment with GPL antigens in vitro affected the ability of splenic mononuclear cells to respond optimally for concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis at 40 micrograms of GPL per 4 X 10(5) cells per 0.2 ml and lipopolysaccharide-induced blastogenesis at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 micrograms of GPL per 4 X 10(5) cells per 0.2 ml. However, in vitro treatment with GPL antigens did not affect phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 micrograms of GPL per 4 X 10(5) cells per 0.2 ml. These findings suggest that GPL antigens or their metabolites affect lymphocyte function and may be important cofactors in the overall pathogenesis of M. avium complex infections.
50 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that PAF plays a role in the pathological manifestations of immune complex-mediated pancreatitis, as measured by Evan's blue extravasation.
TL;DR: A highly purified population of effector lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was generated by culturing nylon-wool column nonadherent rat splenocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2), and the cells which became adherent to the plastic flasks were separated and maintained in culture for a total of 5 days.
TL;DR: Oral administration of benzene shows more activity than intraperitoneal injection, whereas the metabolites show more activity if administered by the latter method and the respective genotoxic strengths of the benzene metabolites are the following: hydroquinone much greater than phenol greater than catechol = p-benzoquinone.
Abstract: Benzene (880 mg/kg) and 4 of its metabolites, i.e., phenol (265 mg/kg), hydroquinone (80 mg/kg), catechol (40 mg/kg), and p-benzoquinone (5–20 mg/kg) have been tested for their capability to induce micronuclei in bone marrow cells of male mice after oral administration or intraperitoneal injection. Oral administration of benzene shows more activity than intraperitoneal injection, whereas the metabolites show more activity if administered by the latter method. The respective genotoxic strengths of the benzene metabolites are the following: hydroquinone > > phenol > catechol = p-benzoquinone. This last is active when administered orally.
TL;DR: The presence of mast cells appeared to suppress the recruitment of L-CFU- Mast from the bloodstream and to inhibit the differentiation of M-CFu- Mast to M- CFU-Mast.
TL;DR: Repeated intraperitoneal injection of IL-3 caused a significant increase in the number of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the epithelium of small intestine more than 30-fold and also to a lesser extent in the villous lamina propria ofsmall intestine and caecum.
Abstract: The number of mast cells in various tissues of nude mice was examined after daily injection of Interleukin-3 (IL-3), which was purified from the media conditioned by WEHI-3B cell line. Repeated intraperitoneal injection of IL-3 caused a significant increase in the number of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the epithelium of small intestine more than 30-fold and also to a lesser extent in the villous lamina propria of small intestine and caecum. The number of mast cells in the spleen, approximately 60% of which were formalin-resistant and were assumed as connective tissue type mast cells (CTMC), increased 3-fold by IL-3 treatment. Although statistically not significant, the number of mast cells in the ear skin also slightly increased.
TL;DR: Stable pre-tumorigenic, benign tumor and squamous cell carcinoma stages have been isolated after treatment of a cloned mouse keratinocyte line with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
Abstract: Stable pre-tumorigenic, benign tumor and squamous cell carcinoma stages have been isolated after treatment of a cloned mouse keratinocyte line with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Intraperitoneal injection and skin grafting of athymic nude mice were suitable for growth of these well-differentiated tumor cells, whereas subcutaneous injection was not.
TL;DR: Male and female mice showed differences in ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced toxicity as reflected in the degree of lipid peroxidation and mortality.
TL;DR: The incidence of metastases was significantly reduced in the ketoconazole-treated mice compared to placebo both within each group and overall, and this effect was not mediated through changes in local tumor growth.
TL;DR: Results are compatible with morphologic evidence that endothelial cell damage is a major determinant of acute lethality from the CNS radiation syndrome and it was observed that boric acid is a low linear energy transfer radiation-enhancement agent in vivo.
Abstract: Ionizing radiations were directed at the heads of anesthetized mice in doses that evoked the acute central nervous system (CNS) radiation syndrome. Irradiations were done using either a predominantly thermal neutron field at a nuclear reactor after intraperitoneal injection of 10B-enriched boric acid or 250-kilovolt-peak x-rays with and without previous intraperitoneal injection of equivalent unenriched boric acid. Since 10B concentrations were approximately equal to 3-fold higher in blood than in cerebral parenchyma during the reactor irradiations, more radiation from alpha and 7Li particles was absorbed by brain endothelial cells than by brain parenchymal cells. Comparison of the LD50 dose for CNS radiation lethality from the reactor experiments with the LD50 dose from the x-ray experiments gives results compatible with morphologic evidence that endothelial cell damage is a major determinant of acute lethality from the CNS radiation syndrome. It was also observed that boric acid is a low linear energy transfer radiation-enhancement agent in vivo.
TL;DR: Results show that NPK can acutely and consistently suppress feeding behavior and that when administered centrally prior to NPY injection, NPK delayed the onset of feeding response only.
TL;DR: Exposure to organic anions like 2,4-D may lead to the retention of potentially toxic anions within the CNS via competitive inhibition of the organic anion transport system which normally reduces their brain and CSF concentrations to very low levels.
TL;DR: The effect of the tripeptide on accelerated cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium was tested during the acute response of the epithelial cells to a diet supplemented with cholic acid, and an increased labeling index (LI) and mitotic rate 2 days after changing the diet was found.
Abstract: We have previously reported that a single intraperitoneal injection of the tripeptide pGlu-His-GlyOH (colon mitosis inhibitor (CMI)) is followed by a transient reduction of cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium in mice. The effect of the tripeptide on accelerated cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium was tested during the acute response of the epithelial cells to a diet supplemented with cholic acid. The kinetics of this response was first examined with different amounts of calcium in the feed. We found an increased labeling index (LI) and mitotic rate 2 days after changing the diet, and this response was stronger in animals with a low-calcium cholic acid diet than in animals with cholic acid diet with a standard amount of calcium or a high-calcium cholic acid diet. After 2 weeks of treatment cell proliferation remained significantly elevated only in the animals with low-calcium cholic acid diet. The effect of CMI was tested 7 days after the change to a low-calcium cholic acid diet. Under th...
TL;DR: Intraperitoneal administration of radiolabeled antibody is preferred over intravenous administration for radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer because of a higher uptake of antibody in the tumor and a lower uptake of antibodies in normal tissues.
TL;DR: The results suggest that 1-CTHH can serve as a precursor of the endogenous β-carbolines and a time-dependent formation of THH was found in the lung and spleen indicating an important role of these organs in the biosynthesis of THE.
Abstract: In vivo metabolism of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1-carboxylic acid (1-CTHH), a possible precursor of the endogenous beta-carbolines tetrahydro-harman (THH) and harman was investigated in rats. Following intraperitoneal injection of [4-14C]1-CTHH, a rapid distribution of the radioactivity in the tissues was observed. The highest radioactivity was measured in the kidney and the lowest in the brain as well as in the fat tissue. Approximately 55% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 90 min. The radioactivity in the urine consisted of unchanged 1-CTHH (greater than 90%) besides harmalan and trace amounts of harman. Harmalan represents the major degradation product of 1-CTHH; it could be identified in all tissues examined and in the urine. The concentration in the blood, however, was low at all time points investigated. The peak concentration of harmalan in most tissues was measured between 15-30 min after injection. A time-dependent formation of THH was found in the lung and spleen indicating an important role of these organs in the biosynthesis of THH. Furthermore, the metabolism of [4-14C]1-CTHH in the brain was studied following intracerebroventricular injection. The formation of harmalan in the brain was not affected by pretreatment with the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor NSD 1015. Determination of the harmalan concentration in several brain regions revealed a high level in the hippocampus and hypothalamus and a small concentration in pons, corpus striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 20 min after injection. The analyses of the
TL;DR: In mice bearing the ascitic form of sarcoma-180 or Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, intraperitoneal administration of S. thermophilus resulted in complete cure in a very significant proportion of tumor-bearing mice.
TL;DR: The vomiting control mechanism of trout may be similar to that described in mammals and apomorphine-induced effects included vomiting, vomiting behavior, toxicity, increased respiration, impaired motor control and equilibrium, and increased aggression.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Celiotomy plus intraperitoneal carrageenan solution significantly increased adhesions to 83%.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different experimental models of inflammation on plasma concentrations of T-kininogen and angiotensinogen was examined in the rat and the results showed that T-inogen, a major phase protein which inhibits cysteine proteinase is increased in all cases of induced inflammation: administration of lipo-polysaccharide and turpentine, bilateral nephrectomy or sham-operation and intraperitoneal injection of peanut oil.
TL;DR: The results show that furosemide has both acute and long-term effects on carbohydrate metabolism in ob/ob mice and it is suggested that this, at least in part, is due to an effect on the pancreatic beta-cells.
TL;DR: The results suggest that blood components (most likely leukocytes) are a source of leukotriene-like immunoreactivity in the ischemic and reperfused brain.
Abstract: The mean +/- SEM concentrations of immunoreactive leukotriene C4 and D4 (iLTD4) and prostaglandin D2 (iPGD2) increased from 3.0 +/- 1.2 and 0.71 +/- 0.33 to 16.3 +/- 4.7 and 3.0 +/- 1.14 ng/g forebrain, respectively (p less than 0.05, iLTD4; p less than 0.01, iPGD2), in the forebrains of 12 gerbils after 15 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and 15 minutes of reperfusion. Removal of blood from ischemic brain of 11 gerbils by intracardiac perfusion with ice-cold saline for 10 minutes decreased iLTD4 concentrations significantly to 7.0 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.05) but did not change iPGD2 concentrations. Severe granulocytopenia (4.98 +/- 1.79 to 0.05 +/- 0.03 x 10(3)/mm3, p less than 0.01) in seven gerbils following intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg busulfan was associated with decreased iLTD4 accumulation in the brain to 3.46 +/- 1.36 ng/g forebrain (p less than 0.01). Taken together, our results suggest that blood components (most likely leukocytes) are a source of leukotriene-like immunoreactivity in the ischemic and reperfused brain.