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Showing papers on "Iodide published in 1970"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among the parameters which were found to influence the individual and over-all reactions and which were studied to establish optimal conditions were the concentrations of oxidant, iodide, and protein as well as pH, time, temperature, ionic strength, and particular batch of protein.

216 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of anions on the adsorption of hydrogen, oxygen and methanol on smooth platinum electrodes has been investigated, and the results show that anions affect the energy distribution of adsorbed hydrogen.

173 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is likely that in vivo under most conditions chloride is the functional halide and that generation of aldehydes is the mechanism responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the MPO-H(2)O(2)-chloride system.
Abstract: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), H2O2, and chloride ions in the presence of bacteria form aldehydes and are bactericidal. The use of heat-inactivated MPO prevented both killing and aldehyde generation. Decarboxylation and deamination of carboxyl and amino group substrates arising from the bacterial surface may participate in the reaction which yields aldehydes. Bacterial contact was essential for killing. Decarboxylation and bactericidal activities were noted when physiological concentrations of chloride were used. When MPO was replaced with horseradish peroxidase (HPO) in the chloride medium, decarboxylation and bactericidal activities were no longer noted. In contrast, iodide functioned in the antimicrobial system with either MPO or HPO. The iodide concentrations required were at least sixfold greater than circulating blood iodide levels. Moreover, decarboxylation did not occur in the presence of iodide with either enzyme. Thus, both halides function in the MPO-H2O2 system but by different mechanisms. It is likely that in vivo under most conditions chloride is the functional halide and that generation of aldehydes is the mechanism responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the MPO-H2O2-chloride system.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, photo-electron spectra have been obtained for mercuric chloride, bromide and iodide, for the three corresponding methyl mercurics halides and for mercury dimethyl and diethyl, showing that the electron attracting power of mercury is intermediate between that of a methyl group and that of an ethyl group.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the ionization of a covalent compound into a cation and an anion is a coordination-chemical phenomenon, and that the ions are formed with coordination either by nucleophilic attack of an electron pair donor or by electrophilic attack on a electron pair acceptor.
Abstract: The ionization of a covalent compound into a cation and an anion is a coordination-chemical phenomenon. The ions are formed with coordination either by nucleophilic attack of an electron pair donor or by electrophilic attack of an electron pair acceptor. The dielectrically controlled component of the ionization affects only the degree to which it occurs. It is shown that the ionization generally increases with increasing donor strength of the donor or with increasing acceptor strength of the acceptor. For a given M, the ease of ionization of the MX bond increases in the order X = fluoride < chloride < bromide < iodide. These general aspects are discussed with the aid of examples.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Horseradish peroxidase (donor: H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.7), Compound I, is shown to react with I− to yield a ferriperoxid enzyme-iodine complex, which suggests that the oxidation state of the heme moieties of the two species is the same.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trifluoromethyl iodide reacts with aryl halide in the presence of copper powder to give a trifluorsmide derivatives in a fairly good yield as mentioned in this paper, which is applicable to heterocyclic halides as well as benzene derivatives.
Abstract: Trifluoromethyl iodide reacts with aryl halide in the presence of copper powder to give aryltrifluoromethane derivatives in a fairly good yield This newly observed reaction is applicable to heterocyclic halides as well as benzene derivatives Activities of halides are in the following order of readiness : iodide>bromide>chloride Effects of solvents and natures of copper were examined

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed iodination of thyroglobulin, BSA, and tyrosine at pH 7.0 is inhibited by concentrations of iodide exceeding 1 m m, and iodine inhibition cannot, therefore, be attributed simply to the removal of I 2 by formation of I 3 − .

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature-jump relaxation method was modified for micellar kinetics and first-order dissociation rate constants were derived from the observed relaxation times for each of these three ionic surfactants.
Abstract: The temperature-jump relaxation method now widely used in fast reaction kinetics has been modified for application to micellar kinetics. Time-dependent intensities of scattered white light following a 9° temperature jump, have been separately measured for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, dodecylammonium chloride, and dodecylpyridinium iodide. First-order dissociation rate constants have been computed from the observed relaxation times for micelles of each of these three ionic surfactants. These dissociation rate constants range from 4 sec−1 at 35°C for dodecyl-ammonium chloride and 17 sec−1 at 45°C for sodium dodecyl sulfonate up to 120 sec−1 at 35°C for dodecylpyridinium iodide. These numerical values include uncertainties in the aggregation numbers from which they were calculated.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Iodide directly inhibits thyrotropin (TSH)- or long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS)-stimulated thyroid hormone release and the effects of iodide on adenyl cyclase activation, colloid droplet formation and glucose-1-14C oxidation in sheep thyroid in vitro are studied.
Abstract: Iodide directly inhibits thyrotropin (TSH)- or long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS)-stimulated thyroid hormone release To investigate the mechanism (s) of iodide inhibition we studied the effects of iodide on adenyl cyclase activation, colloid droplet formation and glucose-1-14C oxidation in sheep thyroid in vitro Nal alone, 10−5 to 10−3m, consistently stimulated adenyl cyclase, had a marginal stimulatory effect on glucose oxidation, but did not augment colloid droplet formation The stimulatory effects of TSH and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on adenyl cyclase and glucose oxidation and of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (DBC) on glucose oxidation were inhibited by excess iodide but TSH, PGE1 and DBC stimulation of colloid droplet formation was unaffected The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of Nal on adenyl cyclase activation and slice metabolism were abolished in the presence of methimazole, 10−4m, in the incubation medium Twenty-four hr of KI pretreatment markedly inhibited the effects of TSH, LATS, PGE

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Orion potassium ion selective electrode (92-19) has been evaluated in terms of Nernstian response, selectivity, anion, and pH effects as discussed by the authors, and a linear calibration curve is obtained over the concentration range 10−4 to 10−1 M potassium, the calculated selectivity ratio for potassium over sodium depends on the relative concentrations of sodium and potassium.
Abstract: The Orion potassium ion selective electrode (92–19) has been evaluated in terms of Nernstian response, selectivity, anion, and pH effects. The response is slightly less than Nernstian and a linear calibration curve is obtained over the concentration range 10−4 to 10−1 M potassium, The calculated selectivity ratio for potassium over sodium depends on the relative concentrations of sodium and potassium. Slight anion effects are noted with the most significant occurring with iodide, hydroxide, chromate, and oxalate. Tetraphenyl borate ion causes a large negative potential shift and this effect appears to render the electrode only moderately useful for titrations with this reagent.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of copper(II)-selective electrode was developed, based on copper(I) sulfide ceramic membranes prepared by an annealing process, and the response time was very short even at low concentrations and the potentials were steady and reproducible.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The infra-red and Raman spectra from 4000 to 200 cm −1 of cyclo pentyl fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide are reported for the vapour, liquid, solution and solid phases.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of the ligand-interaction complex [RuCl(CO)(NO)(PPh3)2] with N-nitroso-N-methyltoluene-p-sulphonamide were investigated.
Abstract: The complex [RuCl(CO)(NO)(PPh3)2] has been obtained by interaction of the hydride, [Ru(H)Cl(CO)(PPh3)3] with N-nitroso-N-methyltoluene-p-sulphonamide. The choride ligand is easily displaced to afford a series [RuX(CO)(NO)(PPh3)2](X = OH, Br, I, N3, NCO, NCS, or HCO(2). In contrast to this lability of the anionic ligand, the neutral carbonyl group is not displaced by an excess of triphenylphosphine and the phosphine ligands are inert towards exchange. l.r. spectra (4000–200 cm.–1) of the new compounds are reported. The values of ν(NO) show a marked ligand (X) dependence ranging from 1642 (X = 1) to 1555 cm.–1(X = OH). The compounds are monomeric in solution and in the solid state the iodide has trigonal bipyramidal geometry with a linear nitrosyl group and axial phosphines. The geometry of other members of the series is not certain and the hydroxide, judging by its low nitrosyl stretching frequenct, may have a bent nistroyl group. The zerovalent compounds are oxidised by halogens, Y2, with loss of carbon monoxide, to the divalent nitrosyl compounds [RuXY2(NO)(PPh3)2]. Similar oxidative additions occur with CCl4, CHCl3, and HgCl2the last reaction being accompanied by elimination of mercury. Methyl iodide does not add but in an unusual reaction converts to [RuCl(CO)(NO)(PPh)3)2] to [Rul(CO)-(NO)(PPh3)2]. [RuCl3(NO)(PPh2CH3)2] has been prepared by ligand exchange and shown to have trans phosphine groups by n.m.r. spectroscopy; all the compounds [RuXY2(NO)(PPh3)2] are believed to have the same phosphine arrangement.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical study was undertaken to establish the structural requirements in the organotin derivatives for the normal substitution to occur preferentially over the coupling reaction, and two series of monomers of the type R12R2SnX were synthesized for this purpose.
Abstract: Several t-butyltin derivatives including the tri-t-butyltin chloride and iodide were synthesized. Experiments designed for the synthesis of tetra-t-butyltin by the reaction of tri-t-butyltin halide with t-butyl-lithium led to the isolation of hexa-t-butyldistannane. On the other hand, other organolithium and Grignard reagents yielded the expected products. A critical study was undertaken to establish the structural requirements in the organotin derivatives for the normal substitution to occur preferentially over the coupling reaction. Two series of monomers of the type R12R2SnX were synthesized for this purpose: Series I, where R1= But; R2= Ph, p-MeC6H4, PhCH2, or Bun; and Series II, where R2= But; R1= Ph, PhCH2, or Bun; X = Cl, Br, or I. Coupling was observed with Series I, and Series II yielded the normal products. Halogenation of the tetra-substituted organotin compounds in chloroform was found to be consistent with the following order of reactivity: Ph > PhCH2 > But > Bun.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Lactoperoxidase has the highest protein to heme ratio of any of the peroxidases isolated with a single heme per mole and can catalyze the oxidation of a great variety of electron donors, such as phenolic compounds and aromatic amines.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents the assay, purification, and properties of lactoperoxidase. Peroxidase activity can be measured by a number of techniques. The first procedure is based on the oxidation of the phenolic compound––guaiacol––which can be followed spectrophotometrically and provides a convenient and very sensitive assay for the enzyme. In the second procedure, the rate of oxidation of iodide is followed spectrophotometrically at 350 m μ in a cuvette with a 1.0 cm light path. In the third procedure, the rate of iodination of tyrosine or any one of a variety of phenolic compounds, including proteins can be assessed by following the change of iodide concentration using an iodide sensor, a millivolt meter, and strip chart recorder. The lactoperoxidase isolated from pig has a lower isoelectric point than the bovine enzyme. Lactoperoxidase has the highest protein to heme ratio of any of the peroxidases isolated with a single heme per mole. The enzyme is stable in low ionic strength solutions up to 60° and from pH 3 to 10. It is not denatured by 8 M urea. It can also catalyze the oxidation of a great variety of electron donors, such as phenolic compounds and aromatic amines.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance studies of methylammonium chloride, bromide, and iodide and their partially deuterated analogues show that second-moment and line-width transitions occur which can be interpreted as molecular reorientation about the C-N axes.
Abstract: Wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance studies of methylammonium chloride, bromide, and iodide and their partially deuterated analogues show that second-moment and line-width transitions occur which can be interpreted as due to molecular reorientation about the C—N axes. In the bromide and iodide salts this motion persists below 77 °K.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of bromide and irreversibly adsorbed iodide ions on the anodic oxidation of methanol residue chemisorbed on platinized platinum has been investigated in this article.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several sources of error have been found in SUGAWARA's method for the determination of iodine in sea water, and these are minimized in the modified procedure which has been developed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The liquid-liquid distribution of mercury(II) has been determined when the organic phase was benzene, hexane containing tributylphosphate (TBP), methylisobutylketone (MIBK), or nitrobenzene, and when the aqueous phase was 0.5M sodium per chlorate containing chloride, bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate ions.
Abstract: The liquid-liquid distribution of mercury(II) has been determined when the organic phase was benzene, hexane containing tributylphosphate(TBP), methylisobutylketone(MIBK), or nitrobenzene, and when the aqueous phase was 0.5M sodium per chlorate containing chloride, bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate ions. The stability constants for the mercury(II) complexes in the aqueous phase and the distribution constants for the extractable complexes were determined by a graphic analysis of the distribution data, which were measured as a function of the ligand concentration. It was concluded that the stability constants determined from the present results agree almost entirely with the previous values and that the only extracted species into benzene and hexane containing TBP is the non-charged complex (HgX2, where X− is the ligand) in all cases, whereas those extracted into MIBK or nitrobenzene include not only the non-charged but also the charged species (HgX3− and sometimes HgX42−) except in the case of the chloride s...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the stoichiometry of the formation of iodide in pure melts and in dichromate melt solutions was determined, tri-iodide ions being the product in the presence of excess iodide.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the IR and Raman spectra were measured and frequency assignments were made for 21 organomercury compounds, and the characteristic frequencies of the -CH 2 HgX and the - CH 2HgCH 2 -groups were determined and inferences were made on the molecular structure.

Patent
23 Jul 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, photographic silver halide emulsions containing cyanine, styryl and merocyanine dyes derived from 4,6-diaryl substituted picolinium salts are described.
Abstract: Photographic silver halide emulsions containing cyanine, styryl and merocyanine dyes derived from 4,6-diaryl substituted picolinium salts, which either sensitize or desensitize silver halide emulsions and photographic elements containing said emulsions are described. 3'-Ethyl-1,4,6-triphenyl-2-pyridothiacyanine iodide, 2-(3-nitrostyryl)-1,4,6-triphenylpyridinium iodide and 3-ethyl-5-{[1,4,6-tri(-methoxy-phenyl)-2(1H)-pyridylidene]-ethylidene} rhodanine are illustrative of the dye compounds employed.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of Fe2(CO)9 with boron bromide or boroni iodide yields Fe(CO)-4BXn (X  Br, J).