Topic
Iodine
About: Iodine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8936 publications have been published within this topic receiving 139981 citations. The topic is also known as: I & element 53.
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the heats of formation of methanol, ethanol, and diethyl ether with iodine in carbon tetrachloride are nearly identical with values obtained by a nonspectroscopic method.
Abstract: Thermodynamic and spectroscopic constants, obtained by a spectrophotometric method, are reported for complexes of methanol, ethanol, and diethyl ether with iodine in carbon tetrachloride. It is shown that the heats of formation of the complexes are nearly identical with values obtained by a nonspectroscopic method. From the spectroscopic and nonspectroscopic data for solutions of methanol, ethanol, and diethyl ether with iodine or with iodine and carbon tetrachloride, it is concluded that the activity coefficients for the iodine and the alcohols are independent of their concentrations and that in these cases the alcohols do not solvate the complexes even at concentrations of nearly one hundred percent alcohol. Exact molar extinction coefficients for iodine in n‐heptane and in carbon tetrachloride are given in Table I, and related data in Fig. 2. There is a detailed discussion of errors due to the neglect of temperature effects, underlying bands, and volume changes on mixing the solvents. Evidence in support of ``Liquid Lattice Penetration Complex'' theory, in which it is assumed that the stabilizing forces arise from ``donor‐acceptor'' interaction, is also discussed. It is found that Andrews and Keefer's linear relations between ΔF and ΔH or ΔS, for the aromatic complexes of iodine, do not hold for all iodine complexes.
42 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The levels of contaminant, free inorganic iodide and iodine were determined in several commonly used ionic and nonionic intravenous contrast media to gain a better understanding of the roles of these compounds in radioactive iodine uptake inhibition.
Abstract: The levels of contaminant, free inorganic iodide and iodine were determined in several commonly used ionic and nonionic intravenous contrast media to gain a better understanding of the roles of these compounds in radioactive iodine uptake inhibition. The method, which involved a reduction-oxidation reaction using sodium nitrite, yielded accurate and precise data for the iothalomate based ionic contrast media as well as the nonionic contrast media. There was no free iodine in any of the contrast media tested. There was considerable variation in free iodide levels, ranging from 1.38 microgram/ml to 20.84 microgram/ml among the different contrast media, although significant differences between the ionic and nonionic media were not found. These levels of contaminant iodide are thought to play a role in the short-term inhibition of radioactive iodine uptake.
42 citations
TL;DR: Iodide and iodate concentrations were measured in the subtropical waters along the continental shelf and slope waters of eastern Australia as discussed by the authors, showing that the ratio of iodate to phosphate in the Coral Sea waters was about eight times greater than deeper Subtropical Lower Water.
42 citations
TL;DR: Adsorption of iodine by carbon blacks from aqueous, chloroform and benzene solutions was studied and conditions for estimating surface areas of carbon blacks were standardized as discussed by the authors.
42 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the distributions of nitrate reductase activity (NRA), iodate and iodide were determined in May 1996 in the southern East China Sea in a transect that traversed across the upwelling center northeast of Taiwan where topographically induced upwells occurred as the Kuroshio interacted with the shelf edge.
Abstract: The distributions of nitrate reductase activity (NRA), iodate and iodide were determined in May 1996 in the southern East China Sea in a transect that traversed across the upwelling center northeast of Taiwan where topographically induced upwelling occurred as the Kuroshio interacted with the shelf edge. Rationalized iodate (R-iodate or R-IO3− in nM) and iodide (R-iodide or R-I− in nM), the concentrations of iodate and iodide normalized to a salinity of 35, were strongly correlated to each other so that [R-IO 3 − ]=−1.06(±0.06)[R-I − ]+424(±15), r 2 =0.87. Since the slope was indistinguishable from −1 mol-IO3− mol−1-I−, this implies that, if iodate is depleted in the surface oceans by biologically mediated uptake, it re-appears almost quantitatively as iodide so that little iodate is retained in the particulate phase. In the upwelling zone, R-iodate and R-iodide were also strongly correlated to NRA (in nM-N h−1) such that [R-IO 3 − ]=−10.2(±1.0)NRA+392(±12), r 2 =0.84, [R-I − ]=9.8(±1.1)NRA+27(±5), r 2 =0.76. Since NRA is an indicator of nitrate uptake and the source water to the upwelling zone, the Kuroshio Subsurface Water, is rich in iodate and almost devoid of iodide, these relationships are consistent with the conceptual model that iodate reduction and nitrate uptake occur in tandem through the activities of the enzyme nitrate reductase. Since NRA represents an instantaneous rate while [R-IO3−] and [R-I−] are concentrations, these strong correlations also suggest that iodate reduction and hence nitrate uptake had operated at approximately constant rates during the residence time of the water in the upwelling zone. Thus, the depletion of iodate and the gain in iodide in the upwelled water relative to its source water were integrations of the uptake and reduction of iodate over this residence time. The slope of the relationship between R-iodate and NRA represented the product of this residence time and the biological discrimination of iodate reduction relative to nitrate uptake by the enzyme. Outside of the upwelling area, R-iodate and R-iodide did not correlate well with NRA, probably as a result of the masking effect of mixing among water masses with undefined concentrations of pre-existing iodate and iodide.
42 citations