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Iodine

About: Iodine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8936 publications have been published within this topic receiving 139981 citations. The topic is also known as: I & element 53.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thyroglobulin that was formed by the thyroids of hypophysectomized rats, moreover, contained only very low percentages of I131-thyroxine and other iodothyronines, but a normal percentage of I 131 diiodotyrosine and a greater than normal fraction of I130-monoiodotYrosine.
Abstract: Hypophysectomized rats and their controls were injected with 5 μg. of iodide labeled with I131. At intervals ranging from 45 minutes to 8 days, measurements were made of the total thyroid uptake of I131 and of the chemical distribution of I131 in the thyroid gland and in the plasma. T/S ratios were also measured. Total thyroid uptake of I131 was reduced by hypophysectomy to only a few per cent of control values, and T/S ratios were also greatly reduced. Previous iodine intake, however, exerted a marked influence on the values obtained. Thyroglobulin formation inthe absence of the pituitary was reduced to very low levels. The rate was estimated in two experiments to be about one per cent that of the controls. Thyroglobulin that was formed by the thyroids of hypophysectomized rats, moreover, contained only very low percentages of I131-thyroxine and other iodothyronines, but a normal percentage of I131 diiodotyrosine and a greater than normal fraction of I131-monoiodotyrosine.

38 citations

Journal Article
Zhao W1, Zhu H, Yu Z, Aoki K, Misumi J, Zhang X 
TL;DR: Iodine and fluorine do have mutually interacting effects on both goiter and fluorosis in the experimental mice and both iodine deficiency and excess induced goiter as well as other functional and histopathological changes in the mouse thyroid.
Abstract: Objective. To elucidate the participation of the independent and combined long term effect of various concentrations of iodine and fluorine on the pathogenesis of goiter and fluorosis in mice. Methods. Nine drinking water supplies with different iodine and fluorine content were prepared by combination of potassium iodate and sodium fluoride solutions in bidistilled water. The concentrations of iodide were: 1. iodine deficiency (ID): 0.0; 2. iodine normal (IN): 20.0; 3. iodine excess (IE) 2500.0 µg/l; and these of fluoride were: 1. fluoride deficiency (FD) 0.0; 2. fluoride normal 0.6; 3. fluoride excess (FE), 30.0 mg/l. A total of 288 Kunmim mice was divided into 9 groups consisting of 32 animals each and each group, in addition to basal diet, received one of following iodide/fluoride mixtures: ID+FD, ID+FN, ID+FE, IN+FD, IN+FN, IN+FE, IE+FD, IE+FN, IE+FE. By such manner, one half of the animals of each group was treated for 100 days and the other half for 150 days. Results. It was found that ID only and IE only could both induce the goiter. FE induced dental fluorosis and increased fluorine content in the bone. In addition, fluorine also affected the thyroid changes induced by ID or IE. After 100 days of treatment, fluorine showed some stimulatory effect on the thyroid in ID conditions and inhibitory effect in IE conditions. After 150 days, however, the effects of fluorine on the thyroid reversed as compared with that of 100 days. On the other hand, difference of iodide intake could also increase the toxic effects of FE on the incisors and bones. The rate and degree of the incisor fluorosis, the fluorine contents in the bone were significantly higher in the ID+FE group than those in the IN+FE and IE+FE groups. Conclusions. Both iodine deficiency and excess induced goiter as well as other functional and histopathological changes in the mouse thyroid. Excessive fluorine caused fluorosis of incisors and limb bones. In addition, iodine and fluorine do have mutually interacting effects on both goiter and fluorosis in the experimental mice.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Excessive iodine intake in children in HI areas is associated with impaired thyroid function; UIC ≥ 600 μg/L and Ab+ are the risk factors for SCH and effective measures need to be taken for reducing excessive iodine intake.
Abstract: Previous studies have indicated an association between iodine excess and increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction in adults. However, there have been few studies on how the intake of excessive iodine affects thyroid function in children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a long-term exposure to excessive iodine on thyroid dysfunction in children. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid function in 371 children from a high iodine (HI) area (water iodine: 150-963 μg/L) and 150 children from an adequate iodine (AI) area (water iodine: 12.8-50.9 μg/L) were measured. The water iodine concentration in the HI area was higher than that in the AI area (P < 0.001) and the median urinary iodine concentration of children in the HI area was 1030 μg/L, which was 8.6 times that of children in the AI area (123 μg/L) (P < 0.001). Children in the HI area had a higher concentration of sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone and higher positivity of both thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb). The prevalence of thyroid diseases was higher in HI area children than that in AI area children (P = 0.000), especially subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH; P = 0.004). A body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 22.3 kg/m(2) was associated with the incidence of SCH (OR: 5.51; 95% CI: 1.52, 19.9; P = 0.009). UIC ≥ 600 μg/L (OR: 3.62; 95% CI: 1.22, 10.8; P = 0.024) and TPOAb or TGAb-positivity (Ab+ OR: 6.48; 95% CI: 1.78, 23.6; P = 0.005) in children were significantly and independently associated with SCH. Interactions between UIC ≥ 800 μg/L and Ab+ (P-interaction = 0.004) were found. Furthermore, increased thyroid volume was correlated with higher UIC (β = 0.22; P = 0.002). Excessive iodine intake in children in HI areas is associated with impaired thyroid function; UIC ≥ 600 μg/L and Ab+ are the risk factors for SCH. Effective measures need to be taken for reducing excessive iodine intake.

38 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023748
20221,361
2021155
2020154
2019158
2018186