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Iodine

About: Iodine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8936 publications have been published within this topic receiving 139981 citations. The topic is also known as: I & element 53.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of localized infection, and KI is non-toxic and is an approved drug for antifungal therapy, so its transition to clinical use in aPDt should be straightforward.
Abstract: Introduction: Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant.Areas covered: We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of...

76 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Stunning of iodide transport is detected after (131)I irradiation of cultured thyroid cells, and the degree of inhibition of transport is dependent on the absorbed dose.
Abstract: The existence of thyroid stunning (i.e., inhibited thyroidal iodide uptake after administration of diagnostic amounts of 131I) is controversial and is currently a subject of debate. To our knowledge, the stunning phenomenon has not been investigated previously in vitro. Methods: Growth-arrested porcine thyroid cells that formed a tight and polarized monolayer in a bicameral chamber were irradiated with 3–80 Gy 131I present in the surrounding culture medium for 48 h. The iodide transport capacity after irradiation was evaluated 3 d later by measuring the transepithelial (basal to apical) flux of trace amounts of 125I. Results: The basal-to-apical 125I transport decreased with increasing absorbed dose acquired from 131I; a nearly 50% reduction was observed already at 3 Gy. Stable iodide at the same molarity as 131I (10−8 mol/L) had no effect on the 125I transport. Cell number and epithelial integrity were not affected by irradiation. Conclusion: Stunning of iodide transport is detected after 131I irradiation of cultured thyroid cells. The degree of inhibition of transport is dependent on the absorbed dose.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women and in female, non-pregnant controls in the canton of Berne, Switzerland, in 1992.
Abstract: We prospectively investigated urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women and in female, non-pregnant controls in the canton of Berne, Switzerland, in 1992. Mean UIC of pregnant women [205 +/- 151 microg iodine/g creatinine (microg l/g Cr); no. = 153] steadily decreased from the first (236 +/- 180 microg l/g Cr; no. = 31) to the third trimester (183 +/- 111 microg l/g Cr, p < 0.0001; no. = 66) and differed significantly from that of the control group (91 +/- 37 microg l/g Cr, p < 0.0001; no. = 119). UIC increased 2.6-fold from levels indicating mild iodine deficiency in controls to the first trimester, demonstrating that high UIC during early gestation does not necessarily reflect a sufficient iodine supply to the overall population. Pregnancy is accompanied by important alterations in the regulation of thyroid function and iodine metabolism. Increased renal iodine clearance during pregnancy may explain increased UIC during early gestation, whereas increased thyroidal iodine clearance as well as the iodine shift from the maternal circulation to the growing fetal-placental unit, which both tend to lower the circulating serum levels of inorganic iodide, probably are the causes of the continuous decrease of UIC over the course of pregnancy. Mean UIC in our control group, as well as in one parallel and several consecutive investigations in the same region in the 1990s, was found to be below the actually recommended threshold, indicating a new tendency towards mild to moderate iodine deficiency. As salt is the main source of dietary iodine in Switzerland, its iodine concentration was therefore increased nationwide in 1998 for the fourth time, following increases in 1922, 1965 and 1980.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a standardized, commercially available, sandwich fluoroimmunometric serum thyroglobulin assay was adapted for use on blood spots and validated in Swiss children.

76 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023748
20221,361
2021155
2020154
2019158
2018186