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Iodine

About: Iodine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8936 publications have been published within this topic receiving 139981 citations. The topic is also known as: I & element 53.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Non-stoichiometric (excessive) consumption of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was observed in various lactoperoxidase-catalysed reactions, was tested and suggests a pseudo-catalytic side reaction which can competitively interfere with the I2/I-3 generation or the iodination reaction.
Abstract: Non-stoichiometric (excessive) consumption of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was observed in various lactoperoxidase-catalysed reactions, was tested in the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/iodide system. In preliminary experiments the suitability of the system was tested with special regard to the triiodide (I−3) absorption and the I2/I−3 equilibrium. Triiodide equilibrium concentrations evaluated theoretically and experimentally were compared after adding a known amount of iodine (I2) to solutions containing variable I− concentrations. A close fit of the two methods was only obtained if experiments were carried out in pure aqueous or 0.001 M H2SO4 medium. The presence of various anions, e.g. OH− and Cl−, led to a measurable decrease in I−3 and I2 equilibrium concentrations. These ions are able to displace competitively I− in forming association products with I+ and I2. When I+ and I2 were generated enzymatically by lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide, additional interactions with H2O2 were observed. Depending on the enzyme and iodide concentrations, variable amounts of H2O2 disappeared non-productively. Due to its ambivalent redox reactivity, part of the H2O2 is not reduced to H2O in the enzyme-catalysed generation of iodine, but undergoes oxidation to O2 by an oxidized iodine compound. This suggests a pseudocatalatic side reaction which can competitively interfere with the I2 I−3 generation or (and) the iodination reaction.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the direct oxidation of primary amines to the corresponding nitro compounds selectively in 47-98% yields was achieved by using potassium iodide as catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the external oxidant.
Abstract: The direct oxidation of aromatic primary amines to the corresponding nitro compounds selectively in 47–98% yields has been achieved by using potassium iodide as catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the external oxidant. The present catalytic system works well for both electron-rich and electron-poor substrates.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine excretion in urine and milk of 13 breastfeeding women was investigated and the results were interpreted by a model of parallel/competitive transport of these species by the sodium iodide symporter.
Abstract: Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine excretion in urine and milk of 13 breastfeeding women was investigated and the results were interpreted by a model of parallel/competitive transport of these species by the sodium iodide symporter. For each species i, we assumed physiological homeostasis, where iT,in equals the corresponding total excretion in urine and milk (ie,u + ie,m). The fraction of the total excretion that appeared in milk fi,m was measured and ranged from 0.394−0.781, 0.018−0.144, and 0.086−0.464 for perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine, respectively. The corresponding median values were 0.541, 0.053, and 0.177, respectively. The selectivity factors of perchlorate over iodide transport, and thiocyanate over iodide transport, defined as fPC,m/fI,m, and fSCN,m/fI,m, respectively, were 3.14 ± 1.20 and 0.27 ± 0.26 while PCT,in, SCNT,in, and IT,in among individuals varied 4.9, 5.0, and 8.4×, respectively. These transport selectivities are an order of magnitude lower than those indicated by in vitro ...

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Oct 1962-Science
TL;DR: Sodium iodide was given in increasing doses to mentally defective children with normal thyroid function and minimal suppression of iodine-131 uptake was achieved with 1500 to 2000 micrograms of iodide per square meter of body surface per day.
Abstract: Sodium iodide was given in increasing doses to mentally defective children with normal thyroid function. Maximal suppression of iodine-131 uptake was achieved with 1500 to 2000 micrograms of iodide per square meter of body surface per day, but quickly rebounded when iodide was discontinued. This minimal effective dose is important if countermeasures against fallout are employed.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2003-Thyroid
TL;DR: Rapid introduction of iodized salt does not provoke significant thyroid autoimmunity in severely iodine-deficient children followed for 1 year and no child developed clinical or ultrasonographic evidence of thyroid autoimmune disease and/or iodine-induced hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Abstract: To determine if introduction of iodized salt induces thyroid autoimmunity in goitrous children, we conducted a prospective trial in iodine-deficient Moroccan schoolchildren (n = 323). Local salt was iodized at 25 μg iodine per gram of salt and distributed to households. Before introduction of iodized salt and at 10, 20, 40, and 52 weeks, we measured antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), antithyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), urinary iodine (UI), and thyroid hormones, and examined the thyroid using ultrasound. At baseline, median UI was 17 μg/L and the prevalence of goiter and hypothyroidism was 72% and 18%, respectively. Provision of iodized salt maintained median UI at 150-200 μg/L for the year (p < 0.0001). There was a significant increase in mean total thyroxine (T4) and a significant reduction in the prevalence of hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). There was a transient increase in the prevalence of detectable antibodies after introduction of iodized salt (p < 0.0001) with levels returning to baseline a...

69 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023748
20221,361
2021155
2020154
2019158
2018186