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Showing papers on "Ionic conductivity published in 1968"


Journal ArticleDOI
Gerd Bergmann1
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical conductivity of single crystals of LiNbO3 was measured under various pressures of oxygen below 1 atm and up to temperatures of about 1400°K.

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the ionic and electronic conductivities of Ag 2 S as a mixed conductor is investigated and the model accounting for these data consistently is proposed.
Abstract: Ag 2 S is a mixed conductor in which electrons and Ag ions are mobile. (1) The electronic properties; the various properties such as the electronic conductivity, Hall coefficient, thermoelectric power, surface potential, magnetic susceptibility due to conduction electrons and infrared reflection etc. are measured as the electron concentration is varied with use of the galvanic cell Ag|AgI|specimen|Pt. The model accounting for these data consistently is proposed. (2) The ionic properties; the ionic conductivity and the thermal diffusion of Ag ions are measured with use of Ag|AgI probes. The L 2 -dependence of the time of polarization, where L is the length of the specimen, is checked. The effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the ionic and electronic conductivities are also measured. (3) Simple devices demonstrating the characteristics of Ag 2 S as a mixed conductor are described.

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion of Ag in single crystals of AgCl between 300 and 435°C was measured with radioactive tracers by the sectioning method and the correlation factor was obtained by comparison to the ionic conductivity with the Einstein relation.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
D. A. Seanor1
TL;DR: In this paper, the conductivity of dry poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon 66) was measured as a function of time and temperature, and three temperature ranges were observed in which the time dependence of conductivity differed: (a) below 80°C.
Abstract: The conductivity of dry poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon 66) was measured as a function of time and temperature. Three temperature ranges were observed in which the time dependence of conductivity differed: (a) below 80°C. the conductivity decreased continuously with time; (b) between 80°C. and 110°C. the conductivity remained constant over long periods; (c) above 120°C. a continuous decrease in conductivity was again observed. In other experiments the volume of gas evolved from the nylon film was measured under continuous potential and compared with the total current passed through the sample. It was observed that above 120°C. the gas evolved corresponded to about one-half the volume calculated if the conduction process involved only protons. Below 120°C. the gas evolved corresponded to an increasingly small fraction of the total current until below 90°C. no evolution of gas was observed. This suggests that at temperatures above 120°C. conduction involves the transport of both protons and electrons, whereas at lower temperatures it is electronic. Mechanisms of conduction are discussed.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors re-examined the dielectric relaxation effects in KCl and NaCl with and without divalent impurities in the 35 Hz-10 mHz range at temperatures between 200° and 700°C.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Continuous, oriented films of AgBr and AgCl with either {200} or 111 surfaces can be made, by vacuum deposition, with thicknesses of 0.1 μ or greater as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Continuous, oriented films of AgBr and AgCl with either {200} or 111 surfaces can be made, by vacuum deposition, with thicknesses of 0.1 μ or greater. Discontinuous but self‐supporting AgI films can also be made, but only in the {111} orientation, and apparently containing some hexagonal as well as cubic AgI. AgBr films have an ionic conductivity that is evidently surface controlled, and is an order of magnitude greater for {111} films than for {200}.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic bromine ion vacancy concentrations and their mobilities at various temperatures have been calculated from ionic conductivity data, and the jump frequency is compared with the infrared absorption frequency.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the possible contribution to diffusion of Ag by cation vacancies associated with divalent Cd ions to form complexes is shown to be negligible at all temperatures because of the very small jump frequency of the Cd ion in the complex.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown from electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on doped single crystals that the paramagnetism results from the ionization of the PPD molecules.
Abstract: Doping of iodine single crystals with p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) leads to paramagnetism and a considerable increase in the electrical conductivity of these crystals. From electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on doped single crystals it follows that the paramagnetism results from the ionization of the PPD molecules. The concentration and temperature dependence of the ESR signal can be interpreted employing the theory of chemical equilibrium PPD+I2⇆PPD++I2−. The electrons donated to the lattice form I2− ions, which may move as ions through the lattice. The donor ionization energy of PPD is found to be 0.50 eV. The motion of the I2− ions does not lead to considerable conductivity. Two of these ions can cooperate, however, to form an I3− ion and an I− ion: 2I2−⇆I3−+I−. The I3− ion can be rapidly transported in a manner similar to the protons in ice I3−+I2→I2+I3−, while the I− ion formed stays behind in the hole left by the dissociated I2− ion. The rapid transfer process of the I3− ion leads to the conduct...

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the current dependence of oxidation efficiency and the current decay at constant voltage were derived from anodically growing amorphous SiO2 mobile ions, and the mean free time can be estimated from the decay constant.

7 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Capacitance measurements have been used to distinguish between the effective field and ionic avalanche models for the autocatalytic buildup of ionic current on applying a constant high field to tantalum pentoxide films as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Capacitance measurements have been used to distinguish between the effective field and ionic avalanche models for the autocatalytic buildup of ionic current on applying a constant high field to tantalum pentoxide films.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the conductivities of pure I2, SbCl3 and SbBr3 lie in the range from 5×10−4 to 1x10−5 ohm−1 cm−1, and are 10−4 times lower than those of alkali halide melts.
Abstract: Measurements of electric conductance as a function of temperature have been made for the pure liquids; I2, SbCl3, SbBr3 and SbI3, and the mixtures ; I2+SbI3 and SbBr3+SbI3, from 100 to 250°C. Furthermore, measurements of density by a pycnometric method as a function of temperature have also been made for these mixtures, from 100 to 300°C. The conductivities of these liquids lie in the range from 5×10−4 to 1×10−5 ohm−1 cm−1, and are about 10−4 times lower than those of alkali halide melts. In these poorly-conducting pure liquids, the molecules may be considered as constituting a solvent in which slightly dissociated ions are contained. The negative temperature coefficient of conductivity for iodine is in marked contrast to the antimony halide melts, and may be interpreted in terms of the ionic conduction and electron hopping mechanism rather than the metallic one.

Patent
04 Jun 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the form M2AGI3 where M is a UNIVALENT ELECTROPOSITIVE ELEMENT or RADICAL USED in SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES.
Abstract: COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF IONIC CONDUCTION (IONOPHORES) HAVING THE FORM M2AGI3 WHERE M IS A UNIVALENT ELECTROPOSITIVE ELEMENT OR RADICAL USED IN SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the ionic conductivity of NaCl whiskers in the temperature range from 150 to 600°C has been studied and the thickness of the whiskers ranged from 4 to 50 μm in the tests.
Abstract: Direct current ionic conductivity of NaCl whiskers in the temperature range from 150 to 600°C has been studied. The thickness of the whiskers ranged from 4 to 50 μm in the tests. Activation energy values have been determined in intrinsic, extrinsic and association regions. Whiskers grown from a solution have been found to incorporate little impurity. Annealing in air has been demonstrated to affect ionic conductivity of NaCl whiskers.

01 May 1968
TL;DR: Ionic conductivities of solid mixtures of lithium fluoride-lithium chloride, lithium chloride- potassium chloride, and sodium chloride-potassium chloride were studied in this article.
Abstract: Ionic conductivities of solid mixtures of lithium fluoride-lithium chloride, lithium chloride- potassium chloride, lithium fluoride-sodium chloride, and sodium chloride-potassium chloride