Topic
Irradiation
About: Irradiation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 30892 publications have been published within this topic receiving 379826 citations. The topic is also known as: radiation exposure & radiation irradiation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of gamma and electron irradiation on virgin and recycled polyethylene were compared and their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties were analyzed, showing that VPE samples showed higher crosslinking percentages than RPE samples in all range of doses studied, unirradiated RPE sample had higher values on their tensile properties than VPE.
1,536 citations
TL;DR: An intense collimated beam of high-energy protons is emitted normal to the rear surface of thin solid targets irradiated at 1 PW power and peak intensity 3x10(20) W cm(-2).
Abstract: An intense collimated beam of high-energy protons is emitted normal to the rear surface of thin solid targets irradiated at 1 PW power and peak intensity 3x10(20) W cm(-2). Up to 48 J ( 12%) of the laser energy is transferred to 2x10(13) protons of energy >10 MeV. The energy spectrum exhibits a sharp high-energy cutoff as high as 58 MeV on the axis of the beam which decreases in energy with increasing off axis angle. Proton induced nuclear processes have been observed and used to characterize the beam.
1,496 citations
TL;DR: In this article, electron correlations in a direct nonlinear process of inner-shell excitation were found to be important in multielectron processes, leading to evidence for a role of electron correlation in the nonlinear processes of inner shell excitation.
Abstract: Measurements of the vacuum-ultraviolet (<80-nm) radiation produced by intense ultraviolet (248-nm) irradiation (1015–1016 W/cm2) of rare gases have revealed the copious presence of both harmonic radiation and fluorescence from excited levels. The highest harmonic observed was the seventeenth (14.6 nm) in Ne, the shortest wavelength ever produced by that means. Strong fluorescence was seen from ions of Ar, Kr, and Xe, with the shortest wavelengths observed being below 12 nm. Furthermore, radiation from inner-shell excited configurations in Xe, specifically the 4d95s5p → 4d105s manifold of Xe7+ at ~17.7 nm, was detected. These experimental findings, in alliance with other studies concerning multielectron processes, give evidence for a role of electron correlations in a direct nonlinear process of inner-shell excitation.
1,409 citations
TL;DR: Temperature in
Abstract: Visible radiation at resonant frequencies is transduced to thermal energy by surface plasmons on gold nanoparticles. Temperature in ≤10-microliter aqueous suspensions of 20-nanometer gold particles irradiated by a continuous wave Ar+ ion laser at 514 nm increased to a maximum equilibrium value. This value increased in proportion to incident laser power and in proportion to nanoparticle content at low concentration. Heat input to the system by nanoparticle transduction of resonant irradiation equaled heat flux outward by conduction and radiation at thermal equilibrium. The efficiency of transducing incident resonant light to heat by microvolume suspensions of gold nanoparticles was determined by applying an energy balance to obtain a microscale heat-transfer time constant from the transient temperature profile. Measured values of transduction efficiency were increased from 3.4% to 9.9% by modulating the incident continuous wave irradiation.
1,216 citations
TL;DR: An analysis of the free radical decay as a function of time and temperature shows the contribution of at least three types of radicals, whose half-lifes, radiochemical yields and activation energies are given.
1,039 citations