Isocyanate

About: Isocyanate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21905 publications have been published within this topic receiving 197863 citations. The topic is also known as: isocyanates.

Dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract: As an electrolyte of a dye-sensitized solar cell, a compound A having at least one isocyanate group, with a compound C with a compound having B or at least one carboxyl group and / or hydroxyl group having a group of at least one type of halftone the network structure formed by crosslinking the includes a molten salt, at least one compound a to C has a polymer structure having a molecular weight of 500 to 100,000, some or all of the polymeric structures is poly ether, used polyesters, poly or caprolactone, polysiloxanes, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarbonate, and selected from the group consisting of polyphosphazene what is one kind or two or more kinds. By adopting this configuration, to improve its long-term stability of safety and performance, it is possible to simplify the manufacturing process.

On the Versatility of Urethane/Urea Bonds: Reversibility, Blocked Isocyanate, and Non-isocyanate Polyurethane

Abstract: Isocyanate, and Non-isocyanate Polyurethane Etienne Delebecq,† Jean-Pierre Pascault,‡,§ Bernard Boutevin,† and Franco̧is Ganachaud*,†,‡,§ †Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS, Ingeńierie et Architectures Macromolećulaires, Ecole Nationale Supeŕieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’ećole normale, 34296 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France ‡INSA-Lyon, IMP, UMR5223, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France Universite ́ de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France

Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications

Abstract: Introduction Biomaterials Biocompatibility Biomedical Polymers Organization References The Chemistry of Polyurethane Copolymers Introduction History of Polyurethane Copolymers Polyurethane Copolymers Synthesis of Polyurethanes Isocyanate Chemistry Allophanate Reaction Biuret Formation Acylurea Isocyanurate Formation Uretidione Formation Carbodiimide Formation Catalysts Synthesis Media Raw Materials in Polyurethane Copolymer Synthesis Isocyanates Polyols Chain Extenders Linear Polyurethane Elastomer Synthesis Cross-Linked Polyurethane Copolymers Polyurethane Modification Bulk Modification of Polyurethanes Surface Modification of Polyurethanes Summary References Polyurethane Processing and Survey of Biomedical Polyurethanes Introduction Processing of Polyurethanes One-Dimensional Processes Two-Dimensional Processes Three-Dimensional Processes Sterilization Steam Sterilization Ethylene Oxide Sterilization Radiation Commercial and Experimental Polyurethanes References Bulk Characterization and Structure-Property Relationships of Polyurethanes Introduction States of Order and Thermal Transitions of Polymers Intermolecular Bonding in Polymers Mechanical Behavior Molecular Weight Structure of Polyurethanes Microphase Separation Morphological Models of Block Copolymers Molecular Orientation in Polyurethanes Hydrogen Bonding Cross-Linking The Effect of Polyurethane Chemistry on Physical Properties Characterization of Polyurethanes Gel Permeation Chromatography Infrared Spectroscopy Differential Scanning Calorimetry Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis Electron Microscopy Stress-Strain Properties and Ultimate Tensile Strength Solubility Tests Permeability and Extractability Electrical Properties Summary References Surface Characterization of Polyurethanes Introduction Surface Energy and Surface Tension Contact Angles Contact Angle Measurement Contact Angle Hysteresis Attenuated Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) ATR-FTIR Analysis of Polyurethanes Surface Spectroscopic Techniques X-Ray Photo-Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Surface Spectroscopic Studies of Polyurethanes Surface Morphology Surface Electrical Properties Summary References Introduction to Host Responses Introduction Protein Adsorption The First Event Coagulation System Fibrinolytic System Cells, Extracellular Matrix, and Cellular Interactions Platelets Erythrocytes Leukocytes The Extracellular Matrix Cell Receptors and Mediators Hemostasis and Thrombosis The Inflammatory Response Foreign Body Response Wound Healing Immune Response Innate Immunity Complement System Adaptive Immunity Summary References Host Responses to Polyurethanes Introduction Assessment of Host Biomaterial Interactions In Vitro Testing Ex Vivo Testing In Vivo Testing Clinical Testing Guidelines for Biological Testing of Materials Protein Adsorption onto Polyurethanes Albumin Fibrinogen Fibronectin Vitronectin Lipoproteins Coagulation System Fibrinolytic System Complement System The Vroman Effect Cellular Responses to Polyurethanes Platelets Leukocytes Thrombus Formation Soft Tissue Interactions Neointima Formation on Polyurethanes Immunological Response to Biomaterials Infection Summary References Degradation of Polyurethanes Introduction Mechanisms of Biodegradation Hydrolysis Oxidation Chemical Degradation Sterilization Biological Catalysis of Degradation Environmental Stress Cracking Impact of Polyurethane Structure on Biodegradation Other Mechanisms of Degradation Implant Location Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Calcification of Polyurethanes Biodegradable Polyurethanes Summary References Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications Introduction Cardiovascular Applications Catheters Pacemaker Lead Insulation Vascular Prostheses Heart Valves Cardiac Assist Devices Artificial Organs Artificial Heart Hemodialysis Artificial Lung/Blood Oxygenation Hemoperfusion Artificial Pancreas Blood Tubing Blood Filters Tissue Replacement and Augmentation Breast Implants Wound Dressings Facial Reconstruction Adhesives Other Applications Artificial Ducts Contraceptives Controlled Drug Delivery Penile Prostheses Miscellaneous References Summary and Future Directions List of Abbreviations Index

Isocyanate-Free Routes to Polyurethanes and Poly(hydroxy Urethane)s.

Abstract: Greener routes to polyurethanes are required and arouse a growing interest in the academic and industrial communities. To this purpose, the depletion of fossil resources exacerbates the need of renewable materials. This review details two main routes to phosgene-free and isocyanate-free pathways to polyurethanes: the transurethanization and the cyclic carbonate/amine routes. A focus is also made on bio-based synthons toward non-phosgene and non-isocyanate PUs.