Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 1997"

Laboratory testing in ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropanol toxicities☆

Abstract: Toxicity from ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol varies widely, and appropriate use of the available laboratory tests can aid in timely and specific treatment. Available testing includes direct measurements of serum levels of these alcohols; however, these levels often are not available rapidly enough for clinical decision making. This article discusses the indications and methods for both direct and indirect testing for ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropanol toxicity. Also discussed are the costs, availability, and turn-around times for these tests.

Photoresist develop and strip solvent compositions and method for their use

Abstract: Simple, environmentally friendly developers and strippers are disclosed for free radical-initiated, addition polymerizable resists, cationically cured resists and solder masks and Vacrel photoresists. In all cases both the developers and the strippers include gamma butyrolactone, propylene carbonate and benzyl alcohol, optionally also including a minor amount of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol monomethylacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, formamide, nitromethane, propylene oxide, or methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and water.

Solid acid catalysts from clays: Acid leached metakaolin as isopropanol dehydration and 1-butene isomerization catalyst

Abstract: Some samples of acid leached kaolin were prepared by calcination of the natural clay at 873 K to obtain metakaolin followed by treatment at 353 K for 4 h with HCl or H 2 SO 4 solutions of various concentrations. Some samples were washed with distilled water after the treatment. The modified clays were studied by chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray diffraction. The nature and strength of the acid sites was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. All samples were tested as catalyst for the 1-butene isomerization and isopropanol dehydration. The sulfuric acid treated and washed MKH 2 SO 4 1 Mw sample resulted in a very active isopropanol dehydration catalyst. The MKH 2 SO 4 1 Mw sample and the two unwashed HCl treated samples MKHCl 2 M and MKHCl 6 M were found very active in the conversion of 1-butene to iso -products, which requires strong Bronsted acid sites. The well known K10 catalyst is less active in both reactions and the MKH 2 SO 4 1 Mw catalyst could be proposed as its suitable substitute.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing kukui nut oil

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of dermopharmaceutical active agent, kukui nut oil and a pharmaceutically acceptable base which comprises ingredients selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerin, xanthin gum, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, stearic acid, menthyl lactate, cetearyl alcohol (and) ceteareth 20, polyoxyl 40 stearate, glyceryl stearate (and) PEG-100 stearate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, oleic acid, dimethicone, or C12-C15 alcohols benzoate and purified water. The inclusion of kukui nut oil acts in synergy as an adjunct to the therapeutic agent to promote the alleviation of the medical condition being treated.

Solubilizing efficiency of different gutta-percha solvents: a comparative study.

Abstract: A study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the efficiency of different solvents for dissolving gutta-percha. Halothane, chloroform, xylene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, turpentine, oil of mela-leuca and eucalyptol were used as solvents for dissolving standardized gutta-percha discs. Halothane, chloroform and xylene were markedly superior solvents of gutta-percha in comparison with the others. There was no significant difference among the three (p > 0.05). Eucalyptol, turpentine and oil of melaleuca were relatively less efficient. Acetone and isopropyl alcohol did not dissolve gutta-percha, being similar in this respect to distilled water.

After shave treatment composition

Abstract: A topical composition comprising: (a) A mixture of water, glycerin and propylene glycol; (b) Homopolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with an allyl ether of pentaerythritol, and allyl ether of sucrose, or an allyl ether of propylene. (c) Isopropyl alcohol; (d) Acetylsalicylic acid and ethyl alcohol denatured with t-butyl alcohol and a combination of two or three of the following: brucine (alkaloid), brucine sulfate or quassin; and (e) Polymer of ethylene oxide that conforms to the formula: H(OCH 2 CH 2 )n OH; wherein n has an average value of 8.

Acetic acid inhibition of biological phosphorus removal

Abstract: The effects of high acetic acid concentrations on biological phosphorus removal (BPR) in single-sludge, three-stage biological nutrient removal systems were studied using two bench-scale units fed with mixtures of domestic wastewater increments plus increments of either a high acetic acid industrial wastewater or additions of sodium acetate. Incremental additions varying from 25 to 800 mg/L acetic acid delivered to the anaerobic reactor. The systems were maintained at 20°C and operated at a solids retention time of 5 days. The total nominal hydraulic retention time was either 6 or 12 hours, depending on the total chemical oxygen demand of the influent. The results showed that high concentrations of either acetic acid or sodium acetate can cause failure of BPR, with the progression of failure being typical of bacterial washout. The industrial wastewater was considerably more inhibitory to BPR than equivalent amounts of sodium acetate, probably because of other organic chemicals in the industrial wastewater, such as isopropyl alcohol and acetone, although high concentrations of inorganic chemicals such as magnesium and sulfate also were present. Other inorganic chemicals such as nickel, copper, lead, and chromium also were monitored but were present only in trace, nontoxic concentrations.

Water solubility of regioselectively 2,3-O-substituted carboxymethylcellulose

Abstract: A series of 2,3-O-carboxymethylcelluloses (CMC's), which are regioselectively substituted at the C-2 and C-3 position, were prepared and their water solubility was examined. It was found that the lower limit for the degree of substitution (DS) value of water-soluble 2,3-O-CMC is about 0.3. This value was almost the same as that of CMC prepared in a slurry of isopropyl alcohol/water with isopropyl chloroacetate and sodium hydroxide, showing that the uniform alkylation is rather important to convert cellulose into water-soluble derivatives.

The formation of byproducts in the reaction of synthesis of isopropyl tert-butyl ether from isopropyl alcohol and isobutene on an acidic macroporous copolymer

Abstract: The effect of temperature and of the initial molar isopropanol-isobutene ratio, R A O , on byproducts formation in isopropyl tert-butyl ether (IPTBE) synthesis in the presence of the resin Bayer K-2631 were determined. The formation of diisopropyl ether, diisobutene (2,4,4-trimethyl-l-pentene, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene isomers), and tert-butanol was studied in the temperature range 30–80°C, with R A 0 ranging from 1.0 to 4.3. The formation of tert-butanol is fast, and it reaches quickly the chemical equilibrium. The extent of the reaction is therefore limited by the amount of available water. The reactions forming 2,4,4-trimethyl-l-pentene, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene take place gradually in the whole temperature range explored, whereas diisopropyl ether formation only occurs over 60°C once the reaction of IPTBE synthesis is close to equilibrium. These reactions are favoured by high temperatures. Low R A 0 values favour isobutene dimerization and ten-butanol formation. The effect of R A 0 on the reaction forming diisopropyl ether is negligible.

A method of cleaning a surface of a compound semiconductor crystal of group II-VI elements of periodic table

Abstract: A surface of a compound semiconductor crystal of Group II-VI elements of Periodic Table can be cleaned to obtain a mirror surface suitable for epitaxial growth, without deteriorating the smoothness of the surface after etching. The feature of a method of cleaning a surface of the compound semiconductor crystal consists in using an etching solution consisting of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sulfuric acid and water in a proportion by volume of 1 to 10 parts of sulfuric acid to 1 part of water, saturated with potassium dichromate, etching the compound semiconductor crystal of Group II-VI elements of Periodic Table with the etching solution at a temperature within a range of 10 to 80° C., and if necessary, washing with water at a temperature of from 10° C. to the boiling point, methanol or isopropyl alcohol, or subjecting to ultrasonic washing or boiling washing in dichloromethane, trichloroethylene or acetone.

Local anesthetic for external use

Abstract: A local anesthetic for external use is prepared by blending a) an active ingredient selected from lidocaine, prilocaine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, b) a percutaneous absorption accelerator, c) ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol, and d) water such that the blending ratio of ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol to water is preferably 0.5 to 1.2 in weight, and pH is preferably adjusted to be 6.0 to 8.5. Thus the percutaneous absorption type local anesthetic for external use is provided, which is conveniently used when it is applied and peeled off, which is applicable to a broad skin surface, and which is excellent in percutaneous absorption and quick efficacy as well as excellent in stability.

Production of cumene

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently produce cumene important as a raw material, etc., for producing phenol and acetone by oxidation and degradation by reacting benzene with isopropyl alcohol in the presence of zeolite and water in a liquid phase. SOLUTION: This method for producing cumene by reacting benzene with isopropyl alcohol in a liquid phase comprises the reaction in the presence of a zeolite such as mordenite, having 100-300 ratio of silica to alumina, and water of an amount not larger than the amount soluble in the reaction raw material at 150-250 deg.C under a pressure sufficient to keep the reacting material in a liquid phase at the temperature to effectively provide the objective cumene. The objective cumene is extremely important compound largely used in the production of phenol and acetone by oxidizing the cumene to provide cumene hydroperoxide and degrading the cumene hydroxide in the presence of an acid.

Diffusive sampling and biological monitoring of 2-bromopropane

Abstract: The possibilities to apply personal ambient air monitoring by diffusive sampling and biological exposure monitoring by urinalysis for 2-bromopropane or its metabolites were explored. The abilities of carbon cloth to adsorb 2-bromopropane was examined by experimental vapor exposure followed by solvent extraction and FID-GC. Urine from factory workers and rats exposed to 2-bromopropane were analyzed for 2-bromopropane, acetone and isopropyl alcohol by FID-GC, and for bromide ion by ECD-GC after chemical methylation. Carbon cloth adsorbed 2-bromopropane in a manner linearly related to exposures up to 1500 mg/m3 and to 8 h. The adsorption could quantitatively detect a 15 min peak exposure at 3,000 mg/m3. In rat experiments, analyses of urine samples collected over a 4-h period after termination of a 4-h exposure to 2-bromopropane at 500, 1,000 or 1,500 mg/m3 showed that acetone and bromide ion were excreted dose-dependently. Essentially, no 2-bromopropane or isopropyl alcohol was detected. When the analytical methods were applied to urine samples from 5 male workers exposed to 2-bromopropane at a low level (3 mg/m3 as a geometric mean), acetone and bromide ion levels were within respective normal ranges in four cases, but were higher than the upper limits of the normal ranges in the fifth case of a foreman who probably had the highest exposure. Thus, diffusive sampling is applicable to monitor exposure to 2-bromopropane. Urinalysis for acetone and bromide ion in combination appears to be a promising selective tool for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to 2-bromopropane.

The direct synthesis of alkenylaromatics during catalytic transfer reduction (CTR) of aralkyl ketones with isopropyl alcohol over MgO of enhanced acidity

Abstract: The direct synthesis of alkenylaromatics during catalytic transfer reduction (CTR) of aralkyl ketones with isopropyl alcohol over MgO of enhanced acidity has been investigated. Magnesia was successfully modified with H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 . The studied ketones, acetophenone, 4-isopropylacetophenone, propiophenone, and 5-nonanone, were quantitatively transformed to alkenes under the adopted conditions. A long-time stability of the catalysts activity and reaction selectivity has been demonstrated.

Spray formulations of antihyperalgesic opiates and method of treating topical hyperalgesic conditions therewith

Abstract: Spray formulations of anti-hyperalgesic opiates having a peripheral selectivity of 251 to 1,280 in a solvent mixture of up to 15% w/w alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethyl propyl and isopropyl alcohol and water greater than or equal to 85% w/w water.

Preparation and characterization of membranes with adjustable separation performance using polyphosphazene membranes

Abstract: Preparation of polymeric membranes with dynamically adjustable separation properties is a new area of research. The approach described herein involves adjusting the permeate pressure of a swollen polymeric membrane to alter its separation properties. For example, during the separation of methylene blue from isopropyl alcohol, pressure on the permeate side was increased such that both methylene blue and alcohol were passed, resulting in no separation. The permeate pressure then was decreased and only colorless isopropyl alcohol passed through the membrane. A subsequent increase in the pressure on the permeate side results in no separation once again demonstrating that the effects were fully reversible. In a mixed dye experiment in isopropyl alcohol, methylene blue and rose bengal were separated with the lower-molecular-weight methylene blue permeating with isopropyl alcohol while the rose bengal was retained in the feed. The new membranes are distinguished by improved control of separation paramet...

Schwefeltrioxidbestimmung in Abgasen nach der Isopropanolmethode : Eine kritische Betrachtung

Abstract: A careful reexamination of the method based on 80% isopropyl alcohol for the determination of SO 3 in flue gases has shown that the results obtained are systematically too low. In the experiments presented these deviations amounted up to 80%; they are especially pronounced at high SO 3 -concentrations and low concentrations of water in the sample. There is strong evidence that under the conditions of absorption SO 3 may react with isopropyl alcohol thereby forming the mono- or di-ester of sulfuric acid. This reaction would therefore be responsible for the low results. To avoid this systematic error the absorption procedure has been modified: The sample gas is first brought in contact with pure water and immediately after with pure isopropyl alcohol. In this way the ester formation is suppressed and all the SO 3 in the sample is found. It has also been shown that the presence of NO X does not lead to the formation of new SO 3 from SO 2 .

Method to de-couple methyl isobutyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone co-produced from acetone and/or isopropyl alcohol

Abstract: A method for the catalytic manufacture of MIBK and DIBK from DMK and/or IPA (optionally in the presence of water) while obtaining improved control over the ratio of DIBK to MIBK in the product stream, comprising reacting, in the presence of an aldol condensation catalyst, a reactant mixture comprising DMK and/or IPA and an effective amount of an additional reactant selected from the group consisting of mesityl oxide (MSO) and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and mixtures thereof. Reaction temperature may also be changed to affect the product ratio obtained. The preferred catalyst is copper-based. An overall excess of hydrogen is desired, and this may be achieved by introducing or recycling hydrogen, and/or by balancing exothermic and endothermic reactions. By this invention, the product ratio of DIBK to MIBK is altered such that, as DMK and/or IPA conversion is increased, a lesser amount of DIBK than normal is produced, resulting in improved ability to control the product ratio of these materials.

Reactions of organic exhausts and the thermal stability of catalysts

Abstract: The catalytic combustion of various organic compounds has been investigated over noble and non-noble metal catalysts using a fixed bed. It was concluded that the activity order of different organic compounds on a noble metal catalyst, is toluene > 2-butanone > benzene >n-heptane≈isopropyl alcohol > acrylonitrile > cyclohexane. On non-noble metal catalyst, it is isopropyl alcohol > 2-butanone > acrylonitrile > toluene >n-heptane > cyclohexane > benzene. In order to compare the thermal stability of catalysts, the catalytic reaction of toluene has been studied over noble and non-noble metal catalysts which were calcined at various temperatures up to 900°C for 3 h.

A glasswashing composition

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glasswashing composition for removing lipstick residues from glassware and the like. The glasswashing composition comprises a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture of nonionic surfactants, in a suitable solvent, preferably water. A co-solvent, preferably isopropyl alcohol, may be present. The, or each, nonionic surfactant may be an alkoxylate of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol. The nonionic surfactant may be present in an amount of 2.5-50 % (w/w).

Method for removing deleterious deposits from a surface

Abstract: A method for removing a scuff mark from a shoe surface made from a synthetic material comprises the steps of: applying a fingernail polish remover composition to the shoe surface with a cotton ball; rubbing the composition into the surface; and removing the scuff mark and the composition from the surface. The composition may consist essentially of acetone; water; glycerin; diglycerol; and gelatin. The composition may alternately consist essentially of ethyl acetate; isopropyl alcohol; water; benzophenone 1; isopropyl myristate; butyl acetate; and mineral salts containing sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, and carbonate. Still further, the composition may alternately consist essentially of other nail polish remover compositions.

Multi-coating type hair-growing agent and growth of hair

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a multi-coating type hair-growing agent capable of giving a hair-growing effect under a multi-coating treatment comprising repeated coating and drying treatments by adding a specific polymer to one or both of two kinds of hair-growing solutions and, if desired, further adding a specified sugar. SOLUTION: This hair-growing agent comprises two kinds of solutions containing hair-growing ingredients, wherein at least one of the solutions contains one or more kinds of hydrophilic polymers. The hair-growing ingredient includes Glycyrrhiza extract, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Swertia japonica extract, capsicum tincture, and L-menthol. The hydrophilic polymer includes ammonium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt and polyvinyl alcohol. If desired, glucose, maltose, fructooligosaccharide, etc., may be added to at least one of the solutions. The solvent for the solutions is preferably ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.

Syntheses and Characterization of Polymetallosiloxanes from Silicic Acid and Metal Chlorides

Abstract: Syntheses and characterization of polymetallosiloxanes by the non-hydrolysis sol-gel process using no metal alkoxides were investigated. The reaction of silicic acid (SA) with MCl4 (M = Ti, Zr) in the molar ratios SA/MCl4 = 0.5–3.0 using a tetrahydrofuran-methanol solvent formed polymetallosiloxane (PMS), which was insoluble in organic solvents regardless of the molar ratio. The PMS was isolated as esterified polymetallosiloxane by esterification with isopropyl alcohol for various periods, which were soluble in methanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran. The number average molecular weight was 1000–3200 for esterified polytitanosiloxane and 3400–11000 for esterified polyzirconosiloxane. Esterified polymetallosiloxanes had no melting point but decomposition point. The results of analytical data indicated that esterified polymetallosiloxane and/or polymetallosiloxane consisted of the main chain of Si–O–Si and Si–O–M linkage with the pendants of alkoxy, silanol, and chloro group.

Antibacterial/antifungal solution

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject solution hardly causing change in color, providing a face treated with the solution not changing in color, by including a specific alcohol, a silver salt of an organic acid and a prescribed benzotriazole. SOLUTION: This solution comprises (A) 5-99.998 wt.% of isopropyl alcohol and/or ethanol, (B) 0.001-1 wt.% of a silver salt of an organic acid such as a silver salt of an N-long chain acylamino acid (e.g. silver N-stearoylglutamate), silver acetate or silver benzoate, (C) 0.001-1 wt.% of a lower alkyl substitutable benzotriazole (e.g. 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole) and (D) optionally a dispersant, perfume, water, etc. In the case in which the component C is a substituted benzotriazole, usually the component C is substituted with a 1-4C alkyl group at the 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-position. The solution is preferably used as an aerosol formulation.

Production of betaine monomer

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To extremely readily and efficiently produce an amphoteric ionic betaine monomer useful as cosmetics such as a hairdressing from a specific ester monomer containing a tertiary amine and a haloacetic acid compound without requiring complicated operations. SOLUTION: (A) A monomer of formula I (R and R are each independently a 1-4C alkyl; R is a 1-4C alkylene; R is H or methyl) containing a tertiary amine [preferably N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate] is reacted with (B) a haloacetic acid compound of the formula X-CH2 -COOM (X is a halogen; M is H or an alkali metal) (preferably monochloroacetic acid, sodium monochloroacetate or potassium monochloroacetate) in a nonaqueous solvent (preferably isopropyl alcohol or ethanol) by heating to afford a betaine monomer of formula II. For example, the betaine monomer of formula III is obtained from the N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and potassium monochloroacetate.

Acute oral poisoning with isopropyl alcohol in alcoholics

Abstract: The symptoms and clinical course of repeated poisonings with isopropyl alcohol in ethanol addicted 43-years old man is presented in the study. The blood and urine concentrations of isopropanol and acetone and also the blood ethanol concentration are given. The biological half-life of isopropanol calculated for the first 12 hours from admission to the Clinic was 6.9 hours. The biological half-life of acetone in the first 6 hours of hospitalisation was 5 hours, and then a considerable slowing down up to 29 hours was noted. The clinical symptoms, similar to ethanol poisoning, including strongly manifested catatonia and ketonuria without metabolic acidosis indicate the isopropanol intoxication. Hypokalemia should to be taken into consideration in treatment of isopropanol poisoning. An intravenous bicarbonates should be administered carefully e.g. when rhabdomyolysis occur.