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Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 1999"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism of the Ru(arene)(amino alcohol)-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of ketones using isopropyl alcohol as the hydrogen source has been studied by means of hybrid density functional methods as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The mechanism of the Ru(arene)(amino alcohol)-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of ketones using isopropyl alcohol as the hydrogen source has been studied by means of hybrid density functional methods (B3PW91). Three mechanistic alternatives were evaluated, and it was shown that the reaction takes place via a six-membered transition state, where a metal-bound hydride and a proton of a coordinated amine are transferred simultaneously to the ketone. Further calculations provided a general rationale for the rate of the reaction by comparison of steric effects in the ground and transition states of the ruthenium hydride complex. It was found that the TS has a strong preference for planarity, and this in turn is dependent on the conformational behavior of the O,N-linkage of the amino alcohol ligand. Finally, a general model, rationalizing the enantioselectivity of the reaction, was developed. Experimental studies of both rate and enantioselectivity were used in order to support the computational results.

273 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Addition of alcohol, especially IPA, to the micellar organic phase enabled the highly backward extraction of cytochrome c to be achieved without the formation of insoluble aggregates.
Abstract: In protein extraction, using the nonionic surfactant sugar ester DK-F-110, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a DK-F-110/isopropyl alcohol(IPA)/hexane system was found to be at a DK-F-110 concentration of 0.5 g dm -3 , indicating that the sugar ester reverse micelles could be formed in hexane. At concentrations higher than the CMC, cytochrome c was extracted into the DK-F-110 reverse micelles as judged from UV spectra of the DK-F-110/IPA/hexane solution after it was contacted with the aqueous protein solution. In extraction of cytochrome c using this system, forward extraction was found to be pH-dependent, with high extraction percentage being obtained at pH 8. The forward extraction percentage was reduced by an increase in the buffer concentration, and at a buffer concentration of 0.5 mol dm -3 was ca 25% as high as that of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT) systems. An optimal DK-F-110 concentration was found to give the maximum forward extraction percentage. Addition of alcohol, especially IPA, to the micellar organic phase enabled the highly backward extraction of cytochrome c to be achieved without the formation of insoluble aggregates. The esterification reaction rate by Rhizopus delemar lipase in the DK-F-110 reverse micellar system had a higher maximum value than that of AOT and lecithin systems.

31 citations


Patent
03 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the topical compositions and methods for the treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae and ingrown hair were disclosed for applying the composition to the beard areas of the face after shaving.
Abstract: Topical compositions and methods are disclosed for the treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae and ingrown hair. The compositions comprise acetylsalicylic acid, propylene glycol, glycerine, and isopropyl alcohol. The method involves the step of applying the composition to the beard areas of the face after shaving. The acetylsalicylic acid is dissolved in a solvent mixture comprising propylene glycol, glycerine, and isopropyl alcohol. The acetylsalicylic acid is present in the range of between about 5 percent by weight per unit volume of the solvent mixture up to saturation of the solvent mixture. The solvent mixture comprises propylene glycol in the range of about 5 to 15 percent by volume, glycerine in the range of about 1 to 10 percent by volume, and the balance of the volume made up with isopropyl alcohol alone or a solution comprising at least 50 percent by volume of isopropyl alcohol. The isopropyl alcohol can be in a solution with water, methanol, or ethanol, provided that the polarity of the resulting solution is not so high that the acetylsalicylic acid would readily precipitate from the solution at ordinary room temperature ranges.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1999-Talanta
TL;DR: The retention mechanism is found to be consistent with a RP-LC mechanism coupled with an additional retention effect due to residual hydroxyl groups on the cyano propyl stationary phase, and advantages due to a 100% water mobile phase for the chemical analysis of alcohol mixtures and chlorinated hydrocarbons are reported.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a microwave oven was used to heat Allium sativum L.) juice and 2,4-decadienals at the full power of 700 W. During microwave heating, levels of most volatiles decreased as the heating time continued, among which 14 sulfide compounds, five aldehydes, two alcohols, one acid and one furan were identified.

17 citations


Patent
05 Feb 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a hair treatment composition using sulfite or hydrogen sulfite, which enhances a curl forming effect and a curly hair straightening effect and does not increase hair damage and odor.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hair treatment composition using a sulfite or a hydrogen sulfite, which enhances a curl forming effect and a curly hair straightening effect and does not increase hair damage and odor. To do. SOLUTION: The total amount of the hair treatment composition is (A) Sulfite and / or bisulfite 0.5 to 15% by weight And (B) 0.5 to 15% by weight of urea and (C) 1 to 30% by weight of ethyl alcohol and / or isopropyl alcohol, and the composition has a pH of 6 to 12. Hair treatment composition.

12 citations


Patent
26 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a reducing agent introduced in exhaust gas before a treatment when NOx in the exhaust emission of internal combustion engine is selectively reduced by a catalyst is prepared from an alcohol solution of urea.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently carry out exhaust emission controlling over a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature by preparing a reducing agent introduced in exhaust gas before treatment from an alcohol solution of urea when NOx in the exhaust gas is subjected to the selection reducing treatment by a catalyst. SOLUTION: A reducing agent introduced in exhaust gas before a treatment when NOx in the exhaust emission of internal combustion engine is selectively reduced by a catalyst is prepared from an alcohol solution of urea. The exhaust gas to which the reducing agent from an injection nozzle 5 is introduced is successively brought into contact with a NOx reducing catalyst of urea, NOx reducing catalyst 7 of alcohol, and an oxidation catalyst 8 of ammonia and alcohol, thereby reducing NOx in the exhaust gas. Alcohol (1-7C alcohol, for example) used for preparing the reducing agent having low specific gravity and low freezing point (fusing point), such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol, for example, is used.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of experimental studies of the change in the photoelectric characteristics of silicon solar cells produced as a result of depositing thin liquid dielectric layers (glycerine, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, dioxane, deionized water) are presented in this paper.
Abstract: The results of experimental studies of the change in the photoelectric characteristics of silicon solar cells produced as a result of depositing thin, liquid dielectric layers (glycerine, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, dioxane, deionized water) are presented. It is shown that the presence of these liquids reduces the forward and reverse currents, substantially raises the short-circuit currents and open-circuit voltage, and significantly increases the efficiency (by up to 40–60%). Possible physical models are proposed for this effect.

10 citations


Patent
26 Jul 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of bischloromethylbiphenyl with a phenol in a specific amount based on the 4,4'-bischlohemide isomer is used.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce the subject resin excellent in oxidation resistance, heat resistance, hardenability or the like, and useful as a hardening agent of an epoxy resin and a raw material for the epoxy resin by reacting a mixture of bischloromethylbiphenyl with a phenol in a specific amount based on the bischloromethylbiphenyl. SOLUTION: A mixture of (A) 4,4'-bischloromethylbiphenyl and (B) phenol in an amount of 3-5 molar times as much as the component A is reacted preferably by using 10-50 wt.% lower alcohol (e.g. ethanol and isopropyl alcohol) based on the amount of the phenol at 55-150 deg.C (at 55-95 deg.C when the reaction solvent is used) to provide the objective resin of the formula (n is the number of repeating units). Preferably, a raw material as the component A comprises >=95 wt.% 4,4'-bischloromethylbiphenyl, <=3 wt.% monochloromethylbiphenyl, and <=2 wt.% bischloromethylbiphenyl isomer except the 4,4'- bischloromethylbiphenyl.

8 citations


Patent
12 Apr 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for drying anhydrous paroxetine hydrochloride characterized by comprising: (a) drying an hydrous polyoxetines with hydrogen chloride, in a substantially moisture-free atmosphere at 60 °C under atmospheric pressure until the isopropyl content is reduced to 15 % by weight or less; and (b) then further drying the polyoxetsines under reduced pressure of 20 mmHg or below at 80 to 110 °C until the content was reduced to 5 % by value.
Abstract: A method for drying anhydrous paroxetine hydrochloride characterized by comprising: (A) drying anhydrous paroxetine hydrochloride, which has been obtained by reacting a paroxetine compound with hydrogen chloride in the presence of isopropyl alcohol to thereby crystallize the same, in a substantially moisture-free atmosphere at 60 °C under atmospheric pressure until the isopropyl content is reduced to 15 % by weight or less; and (B) then further drying the anhydrous paroxetine hydrochloride under reduced pressure of 20 mmHg or below at 80 to 110 °C until the isopropyl content is reduced to 5 % by weight or less. By using this method, the isopropyl alcohol remaining in anhydrous paroxetine hydrochloride, which has been crystallized in the presence of isopropyl alcohol, can be efficiently reduced within a short time without resort to any large-scaled apparatus.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a solid acid, H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 37), exhibited exceptionally high catalytic performance for synthesis of N-isopropylacrylamide from acrylonitrile and alcohol in a solid-liquid reaction system at 423 K.
Abstract: A solid acid, H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 37), exhibited exceptionally high catalytic performance for synthesis of N-isopropylacrylamide from acrylonitrile and isopropyl alcohol in a solid-liquid reaction system at 423 K

Patent
06 May 1999
TL;DR: A disinfectant/sterilant sporicidal formulation which comprises a quaternary ammonium salt with the alkyl or alkanyl group containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms is claimed in this paper.
Abstract: There is claimed a disinfectant/sterilant sporicidal formulation which comprises a quaternary ammonium salt with the alkyl or alkanyl group containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms The counteranions may be chloride, bromide or iodide and the formulation may optionally comprise a non-ionic surfactant, a sequesterant, a co-solvent, a corrosion inhibitor, a perfume and/or colour There is thus provided a safe to use, environmentally friendly, aldehyde-free sterilant disinfectant with synergistic ingredients that provide sporicidal properties The formulation is concentrated and can be diluted for use as a medical sterilant, high level disinfectant in hospitals, veterinary and food establishments (eg sterilising medical and dental instruments), and all areas where utmost hygiene is required It has been discovered that a particular group of quaternary ammonium compounds, with the presence of from three to six free hydroxyl groups, from one to four chlorine or bromine atoms of two quaternary nitrogens in their cations and with the presence of two ionizable anions, are very biocidal Antibacterial quaternary ammonium salts and the methods for production are chosen from polyhydric aliphatic alcohols - glycerol, pentaerytherol and sorbitol The polyols are condensed with an appropriate 12-Epoxyalkane -ethylene or propylene oxide The resulting polyethers are reacted with epichloro or epibromohydrin Finally the organic halides are condensed with a tertiary amine containing one high alkyl or alkenyl or halo-substituted ackyl radical The formula may consist of dual chain quaternary compounds (n-alkyl dimethylethylbenzyl ammonium chloride and n-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride), citric acid, acetic acid, sodium citrate, isopropyl or ethyl alcohol, triethanol amine, dodecylamine and water The exemplified formulation consists of: Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 20 % Alkyl Dimethyl 24 Dichlorobenzyl Ammonium Chloride 10% Isopropyl Alcohol 50% Non-ionic Surfactant 50% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid 15% and Citric Acid 075%

Patent
20 May 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of a fatty acid methyl ether and diethanolamide of coconut oil was used as a lubricating additive for drilling mud, characterised by it being prepared by mixing polyglycol, a floatation agent - oxal, isopropyl alcohol and tall oil at 50-60°C for 2 hours, adding a mixture with triethanolamine, raising the temperature to 75-80°C and mixing for two hours and adding copper or copper-calcium stearate and oxyethylated nonylphenol, mixing for
Abstract: FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: lubricating additive for drilling mud, characterised by it is prepared by mixing polyglycol, a floatation agent - oxal, isopropyl alcohol and tall oil at 50-60°C for 2 hours, adding a mixture of a fatty acid methyl ether and diethanolamide of coconut oil, then triethanolamine, raising the temperature to 75-80°C and mixing for 2 hours, adding copper or copper-calcium stearate and oxyethylated nonylphenol, mixing for 1 hour and adding a neutralising agent to pH not lower than 6.5, with the following ratio of components, wt %: polyglycol 27.3, isopropyl alcohol 9.1, floatation agent - oxal 24.3, tall oil 24.3, copper or copper-calcium stearate 3, triethanolamine 4.5-5, fatty acid methyl ether 1-1.5, diethanolamide of coconut oil 1, oxyethylated nonylphenol 3-4.5, neutralising agent 0.5-2.EFFECT: low friction of drilling mud in metal-metal and metal-filter cake pairs, low pipe and casing wear rate when drilling extended-reach and ultra-extended-reach wells.2 tbl, 2 ex

Patent
15 Jun 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for producing isopropyl alcohol by hydrating directly propylene and water in the presence of a strong acid solid catalyst was described, where the reaction liquid contained in the reaction reaction liquid at 6 % or more.
Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing isopropyl alcohol by hydrating directly propylene and water in the presence of a strong acid solid catalyst, comprising: feeding continuously propylene, water which is the same as or more than propylene in terms of mole, and a saturated hydrocarbon (propane, butane and the like) to a reactor in which the above solid catalyst is filled or suspended, carrying out a hydration reaction while maintaining the temperature and the pressure of the inside of the reactor in the conditions exceeding or slightly lower than the critical temperatures and the critical pressures of the above propylene and the saturated hydrocarbon and maintaining the concentration of isopropyl alcohol contained in the reaction liquid at 6 % or more, and drawing a vapor phase out of the reactor, liquefying a part thereof by reducing the pressure and cooling to separate vapor components, and refining crude isopropyl alcohol contained in the liquid phase to obtain refined isopropyl alcohol. In this process, produced isopropyl alcohol can be distributed selectively in the saturated hydrocarbon phase in a large quantity by using the saturated hydrocarbon in the conditions exceeding or slightly lower than the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the saturated hydrocarbon, whereby isopropyl alcohol of a high concentration can be obtained, and energy needed for concentration and refining can be reduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective of this research was to study the kinetics of synthesis of a commercially important ester - Isopropyl Palmitate (IPP) using immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM), and it was found that the optimum substrate concentration was 0.15M palmitic acid and isopropYL alcohol in 1:1 stoichiometric ratio.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to study the kinetics of synthesis of a commercially important ester - Isopropyl Palmitate (IPP) using immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM). It was studied in a packed bed differential reactor. In order to establish the kinetics of the reaction, parameters such as linear velocity of the fluid through the reactor, particle size, substrate concentration, substrate molar ratio, temperature and water activity were studied. Operational and storage stability of the enzyme were also assessed. The reaction followed Michaelis-Menton kinetics as observed from the relationship of initial rate of the reaction as a function of substrate concentration. It was found that the optimum substrate concentration was 0.15M palmitic acid and isopropyl alcohol in 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Inhibition by excess of isopropyl alcohol has been identified. The optimum temperature for the esterification reaction was found to be around 50 degrees C. The activation energy of this process was determined to be 43.67 kJ/mol. The optimum water content was 0.50%. The reaction rates were measured in the absence of any significant external diffusional limitations. Since internal diffusional limitations could not be eliminated, the kinetics observed is only apparent.


Patent
24 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the reproducibility of dot and roundness was improved by a method wherein alumina dispersion solution, containing carboxylic acid including nitrogen atom and fine alumina dispersed into aqueous dispersion medium conditioned to be weak acid, and a binder is contained in a treating agent for ink jet recording material.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide with high luster, high absorbing property, the reproducibility of dot and roundness by a method wherein alumina dispersion solution, containing carboxylic acid including nitrogen atom and fine alumina dispersed into aqueous dispersion medium conditioned to be weak acid, and a binder are contained in a treating agent for ink jet recording material SOLUTION: A treating agent for an ink jet recording material contains alumina dispersion solution and a binder The alumina dispersion solution contains monocarboxylic acid, containing one kind of nitrogen atom selected from a group consisting of nicotinic acid, picolinic acid, proline and glycine, and fine alumina, dispersed into one kind of aqueous dispersion medium selected from a group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and ethylene grycol The binder is polyvinyl acetal resin, soluble into aqueous solvent, obtained by acetalizing aromatic aldehyde so that the degree of acetalizing becomes 5-10 mol% and having the molecular weight of 15×10 or more

Patent
27 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a two-layered cosmetic which does not contain a lower alcohol such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, does not give an uncomfortable touch, and has an excellent reemulsifying property before use an excellent two layer-separating property after use.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a two-layered cosmetic which does not contain a lower alcohol such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, does not give an uncomfortable touch, and has an excellent reemulsifying property before use an excellent two layer-separating property after use, a beautiful appearance and high safety. SOLUTION: This two-layered cosmetic contains one or more esters selected from polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters, sodium citrate, and one or more water-soluble polymers. The two-layered cosmetic preferably further contains copper chlorophyll.

Patent
26 Mar 1999
TL;DR: An antiseptic composition for disinfecting the skin based on a mixture of ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol gelled with a carbomer was proposed in this article.
Abstract: An antiseptic composition for disinfecting the skin based on a mixture of ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol gelled with a carbomer. Antiseptic composition for disinfecting the skin without using soap or water and which is evaporable, comprises 50-80 vol. % ethyl alcohol and 10-15 vol. % isopropyl alcohol together with a carbomer having gel-forming capability.

Patent
03 Sep 1999
TL;DR: An improved antibacterial liquid binder for use as a pre-application binder with cosmetic powders for eye liners, eye shadows and eyebrow makeup including a unique blended mixture of de-ionized water, honey, isopropyl alcohol, potassium alum, propylene glycol, boric acid, and methylparaben, was presented in this article.
Abstract: An improved antibacterial liquid binder for use as a pre-application binder with cosmetic powders for eye liners, eye shadows and eyebrow makeup including a unique blended mixture of de-ionized water, honey, isopropyl alcohol, potassium alum, propylene glycol, boric acid, and methylparaben, and, more specifically, a new and novel admixture and combination of these ingredients, by weight, as follows: deionized water—70.97%, honey—20.88%, isopropyl alcohol—5.25%, potassium alum—0.9%, propylene glycol—0.9%, boric acid—0.9%, and methylparaben—0.2%. The method for making such improved liquid binder for pre-application combination with cosmetic powders, eye shadows and eyebrow makeup including the steps of adding the potassium alum to the isopropyl alcohol and mixing the combined potassium alum and isopropyl alcohol to form a homogenous solution, adding the boric acid to the combination of potassium alum and isopropyl alcohol and mixing the combined boric acid, potassium alum and isopropyl alcohol to form a homogenous solution, mixing the methylparaben with the propylene glycol to form a homogenous solution, pre-heating the combined liquid solution formed by the mixing of methylparaben with the propylene glycol until the combined liquid solution is homogenous, clear and transparent, pre-heating the honey to reduce the viscosity of the honey, adding the pre-heated homogenous, clear and transparent liquid solution formed of the mixture of methylparaben and propylene glycol to the pre-heated honey, mixing the mixture of methylparaben and propylene glycol with the pre-heated honey to form a homogenous solution, pouring the combination of methylparaben, propylene glycol, honey, isopropyl alcohol, potassium alum, and boric acid into the deionized water and mixing the combination formed thereby to form a homogenous solution.

Patent
06 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, an amino resin is alkyl-etherified with isopropyl group (isopropoxy-heredified amino resin), e.g. shown by formulae I, II, III or IV.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject resin, having well-balanced properties as a hardening agent for thermosetting resins and suitable for, e.g. coating materials, as a hardening agent for aqueous resins by alkyl-etherification of an amino resin with isopropyl group. SOLUTION: This amino resin is alkyl-etherified with isopropyl group (isopropoxy-etherified amino resin), e.g. shown by formulae I, II, III or IV. It is synthesized from 1 mol. of amino compound (e.g. melamine, urea and benzoguanamine), 1 to 10 mols of formaldehyde and 0.05 to 30 mols of isopropyl alcohol.

Patent
16 Jul 1999
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous cleaning and surface treatment compositions for use in the general or localized cleaning of fibers and fibrous substrates, including carpets, carpet fibers as well as textiles are provided.
Abstract: Provided are aqueous cleaning and surface treatment compositions for use in the general or localized cleaning of fibers and fibrous substrates, including carpets, carpet fibers as well as textiles. The compositions include an oxidizing agent constituent, preferably hydrogen peroxide, an anionic surfactant, especially an alkyl sulfate, an organic solvent, preferably a ternary solvent system which includes ethylene glycol hexyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether and isopropyl alcohol, and an antiresoiling compound which is essentially free of fluorine atoms, preferably one based on a polymeric material which is essentially free of fluorine atoms, and water. Preferably the composition is essentially free of fluorine atoms. The compositions exhibit good cleaning efficacy, and excellent shelf stability exhibited by low loss of the hydrogen peroxide subsequent to accelerated aging tests.

Patent
03 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a gasoline additive that is composed of toluene, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and polypropyl ether at ratios of 56, 32, 6% and 6%, respectively.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a gasoline additive effective for improving the burning efficiency of gasoline to prevent the incomplete combustion when mixed to gasoline, realizing the increase of engine power and reduction of fuel cost, suppressing the generation of carbon and decreasing the carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust gas and to provide a gasoline added with the gasoline additive. SOLUTION: This gasoline additive is composed of toluene, methanol, isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl ether. It can be produced by mixing toluene, methanol, isopropylalcohol and isopropyl ether at ratios of 56%, 32%, 6% and 6%, respectively. The objective gasoline is produced by adding the gasoline additive to a gasoline.

Patent
09 Feb 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the liquid contact part of a distillation column for distilling isopropyl alcohol contaminated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a specific temperature was maintained at =37.3 deg.C.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To recover isopropyl alcohol in a high yield with suppressing the decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide, by maintaining the liquid contact part of a heater for a distillation column for distilling isopropyl alcohol contaminated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a specific temperature. SOLUTION: In this method for recovering isopropyl alcohol contaminated with dimethyl sulfoxide, the liquid contact part of a heater for a distillation column is maintained at =37.3 deg.C) not to condense dimethyl sulfide as the decomposition product of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Patent
01 May 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a list of fuel additives for motor vehicle fuels, gasolines or diesels, which are suitable for use in combination with the fuel in question because they reduce fuel consumption and the emission of contaminates generated by the fuel, and help to clean, preserve and lubricate the carburation or injection systems of motor vehicles.
Abstract: Motor vehicle fuel additives. Additives for motor vehicle fuels, gasolines or diesels, comprise: a) in the case of additives for use with gasoline, isopropyl alcohol (80-99%), monoisopropanolamine (1.5 - 2.5%), dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (0.6-1.4%) and dye(0.05-1.2%) or b) in the case of additives for use with diesel, isobutyl alcohol (80-99%), isopropyl alcohol (8-15%), monoisopropanolamine (1.2-2.3%), dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (0.6-1.4%) and dye (0.05-0.9%). These additives are suitable for use in combination with the fuel in question because they reduce fuel consumption and the emission of contaminates generated by the fuel, and help to clean, preserve and lubricate the carburation or injection systems of motor vehicles.

Patent
10 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, sitosterol is used for synthesis of hormonal preparations with alpha-isomer content no higher than 1% and satosterol for food industry with purity 95% and alpha- isomer content below? %.
Abstract: FIELD: paper-and-pulp industry. SUBSTANCE: sitosterol useful in synthesis of medicinal preparations and in food industry is prepared in a process including processing of sulfate soap or saponified tall pitch followed by isolation of neutral substances involving extraction with organic solvent in presence of water and low-molecular alcohol, extract-raffinate separation, isolating soaps from raffinate, separating betulin from extract to give concentrate of neutral substances, dissolving it in selective organic solvent, and, finely, crystallization of sitosterol. According to invention, above-said concentrate is dissolved in water-saturated methyl acetate at weight/volume ratio 1:(5-7) at 4-10 C; recrystallization of isolated sitosterol is accomplished from 85% aqueous isopropyl alcohol at 30-35 C; and sterols obtained after solvent is recovered from mother liquor are combined with above-mentioned neutral substances to be transferred into recrystallization zone. EFFECT: enabled preparation of sitosterol for synthesis of hormonal preparations with alpha-isomer content no higher than 1% and sitosterol for food industry with purity 95% and alpha- isomer content below ? %. 4 ex

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experiments were performed on the esterification of lauric acid with isopropyl alcohol by tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride in a stirred vessel with a flat liquid-liquid interface.
Abstract: Experiments were performed on the esterification of lauric acid with isopropyl alcohol by tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride in a stirred vessel with a flat liquid-liquid interface. The observed initial rate of reaction was used to analyze the reaction mechanism combined with the catalyst, and to evaluate the several kinds of reaction rate constant, from which equilibrium constants were expressed as a function of reaction temperature. The analysis of reaction kinetics indicated that the reaction was between a very slow and slow reaction regime.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent composition of the deacidifying processes of the vacuum cut 3 distillate oil with a isopropyl alcohol - ammonia - water mixed solvent on products quality were investigated, with different demulsifying agent in deacidification processes and the reclaiming processes of petroleum acid.
Abstract: Effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent composition of the deacidifyingprocesses of the vacuum cut 3 distillate oil with a isopropyl alcohol - ammonia - water mixed solvent on productsquality were investigated, with different demulsifying agent in deacidifying processes and the reclaiming processesof petroleum acid. The results showed that the purity of the obtained Petroleum acid reaches 83. 7 %, but its pureacid number and crude acid number are lower. So, the application of petroleum acid of bigger molecular weightshould be studied specially.

Patent
09 Feb 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for freezing vegetable-based foods by spraying or sprinkling a refrigerant onto them in mist or shower is proposed to preserve their shapes, touch, tastes and color intact.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for freezing fresh, vegetable-based food without needing ventilation, moisture control or strict temperature control, and at a lower cost than CA storage so as to preserve their shapes, touch, tastes and color intact by spraying or sprinkling a refrigerant onto them in mist or shower. SOLUTION: This method freezes vegetable-based foods by spraying or sprinkling a refrigerant onto them in mist or shower. They may be immersed in a refrigerant to be frozen. They may be sprayed or sprinkled with a refrigerant in mist or shower and then immersed in a refrigerant to be frozen. The refrigerant may be at least one type of alcohol compounds selected from the group consisting of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and glyceriol, or its mixture with water.