Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 2000"

Peroxidase-catalyzed asymmetric sulfoxidation in organic solvents versus in water.

Abstract: Peroxidase-catalyzed asymmetric sulfoxidations, while synthetically attractive, suffer from relatively low reaction rates due to poor substrate solubilities in water and from appreciable spontaneous oxidation of substrates (especially aryl alkyl sulfides) with H2O2. In this work, we found that both of these shortcomings could be alleviated by switching from aqueous solutions to certain nearly anhydrous (99.7%) organic solvents as sulfoxidation reaction media. The rates of spontaneous oxidation of the model prochiral substrate thioanisole in several organic solvents were observed to be some 100- to 1000-fold slower than in water. In addition, the rates of asymmetric sulfoxidation of thioanisole in isopropyl alcohol and in methanol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were determined to be tens to hundreds of times faster than in water under otherwise identical conditions. This dramatic activation is due to a much higher substrate solubility in organic solvents than in water and occurs even though the intrinsic reactivity of HRP in isopropyl alcohol and in methanol is hundreds of times lower than in water. Sulfoxidation of thioanisole catalyzed by four other hemoproteins (soybean peroxidase, myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c) is also much faster in isopropyl alcohol than in water. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 70: 353–357, 2000.

Topical absorption of isopropyl alcohol induced cardiac and neurologic deficits in an adult female with intact skin.

Abstract: Topical exposure to isopropyl alcohol has been reported in the literature to be toxic if sufficient isopropyl alcohol is absorbed (1-5). A clinical case is reported where a 48-y-old female presented with multiple unexplained cardiac and neurological deficits. The woman had developed the deficits over a 6-mo period in which she had been soaking towels with isopropyl alcohol and applying then to her skin overnight to ease arm pain she was experiencing. Cessation of the isopropyl alcohol exposure resolved her deficits within 3 d. A controlled repeat dermal exposure to isopropyl alcohol under clinical observation reproduced the deficits noted with corresponding serum and urine concentrations of isopropyl alcohol and acetone. Cessation of topical isopropyl alcohol exposure lead to subsequent resolution of all toxicities.

Catalytic synthesis of N-alkylacrylamide from acrylonitrile and alcohol with solid acids

Abstract: Catalytic synthesis of N -alkylacrylamides, which are useful monomers for functional polymers, from acrylonitrile and alcohols, such as 1-adamantanol, tert -butyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol has been studied using various solid acids including heteropoly compounds and zeolites. For the reaction with 1-adamantanol or tert -butyl alcohol, a heteropoly compound, Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 , exhibited a high catalytic performance and water-tolerance. On the other hand, for the synthesis of N -isopropylacrylamide from isopropyl alcohol, a high-silica zeolite, H-ZSM-5 with Si/Al ratio of 37, showed an exceptionally high activity, while it was less active in the reaction with tert -butyl alcohol or 1-adamantanol. This marked effect of reactant alcohol observed for H-ZSM-5 is probably due to shape selectivity. The prominent performance for N -isopropylacrylamide synthesis is attributable to a steric effect of the constrained pores; two reactants might be arranged adequately to form an intermediate in the pores.

Kinetics and distribution of alcohol oxidising activity in Acholeplasma and Mycoplasma species

Abstract: Alcohol metabolism by Acholeplasma and Mycoplasma cell suspensions was determined using changes in dissolved oxygen tension to monitor oxygen uptake. All seven Acholeplasma test species oxidised ethanol and (where tested) propanol, butanol and pentanol. The rate of oxidation, at any particular substrate concentration, decreased with increasing alcohol molecular mass. Amongst 20 Mycoplasma species tested, M. agalactiae, M. bovis, M. dispar, M. gallisepticum, M. pneumoniae and M. ovipneumoniae oxidised ethanol. Propanol was also oxidised by M. dispar and isopropanol by M. agalactiae, M. bovis and M. ovipneumoniae. Isopropanol was oxidised at particularly high rates (Vmax>100 nmol O2 taken up min−1 mg cell protein−1) and with a relatively high affinity (Km value<2 mM); oxygen uptake was consistent with oxidation to acetone. The significance of alcohol oxidation is unclear, as it would not be predicted to lead to ATP synthesis.

Aqueous multiphase surfactant preparations

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous preparations in the form of two or more separated, aqueous phases in the idle state, whereby said phases are dispersible together. The preparations have at least one surface-active compound and at least one solved polymer compound and are provided with an accelerated phase separation in the idle state when said preparations contain at least one water-soluble, monovalent or multivalent alcohol with 2-9 C-atoms. In a preferred embodiment, 2-20 wt. % of an ether sulfate or ether sulfosuccinate are contained as a surface-active substance and 2-20 wt. % of ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol are contained as an alcohol. The polymer compound is preferably chosen from polypropylene glycol with molecular weights of more than 1,000 D, hydroxyethylcellulose, xanthan gum, dextrane, sodium hyaluronate or cationic cellulose ethers.

Method of stripping photoresist using alcohols

Abstract: A liquid cleaning composition and method for removal of photoresist including an aliphatic alcohol. Preferably, the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol. Additionally, an alcohol/base mixture can be used to remove photoresist, rather than alcohol used alone. Preferably, the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol, while the aqueous base is ammonium hydroxide. The temperature conditions range from about 25 degrees C. to about 70 degrees C. The pressure conditions range from about 14 pounds per square inch to about 100 pounds per square inch.

Behavior of four sulfonylurea herbicides in the presence of hydroxy compounds.

Abstract: The behavior of four sulfonylurea herbicides (metsulfuron methyl, chlorsulfuron, chlorimuron ethyl, and bensulfuron methyl) was studied in the presence of various hydroxy compounds. When dissolved at 30 degrees C in simple primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol) and in glycerol or in poly(ethylene glycol), most of these herbicides underwent rapid alcoholysis involving the breakdown of the urea part of the molecule. The corresponding sulfonyl carbamate is recovered in high yields, along with a small amount of sulfonylamide formed in the concomitant hydrolysis. Degradation rate constants and the selectivity of conversion were established. The addition of buffered water (pH 7.0) inhibited the alcoholysis reaction, leaving only hydrolysis, as already observed with concentrated saccharide solutions. In phenol solution, slight herbicide hydrolysis was primarily observed. It appeared that alcoholysis reactions only occurred under very particular conditions when sulfonylurea herbicides are dissolved in pure alcohols, without buffered water. These results led to the conclusion that in soil, similar alcoholysis reactions seem unlikely.

The effect of isopropyl alcohol on the permeation of gloves exposed to antineoplastic agents

Abstract: Introduction. Two commercially available gloves, one latex and one nitrile, were evaluated for permeation with six antineoplastic agents following exposure to 70% isopropyl alcohol.Materials. Comme...

Aqueous deodorising & freshening composition containing chlorine dioxide, quaternary ammonium compound, hydrogen peroxide, ethyl/isopropyl alcohol & fragrance

Abstract: A deodorising and freshening composition contains an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide, a quaternary ammonium compound, stabilised hydrogen peroxide, either ethyl or isopropyl alcohol and one or more fragrances. This composition may be applied to Fabrics, Textiles, Clothing, Suede, Leather & other substrates, including hard surfaces, to destroy and remove unpleasant odours and leave the substrate with a clean/fresh odour. The composition may be applied via soaking, compressed air atomisation, trigger or finger sprays, and aerosol sprays using liquefied or compressed gas, eg liquefied petroleum gas, dimethyl ether, or compressed nitrogen, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide gas.

Radical-Chain Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol Inhibited by Uracil Additives

Abstract: At present, it is commonly believed that damage to cerebral neurons caused by convulsive poisons is related to the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the cell membranes [1, 2]. It was established that some uracil derivatives are capable of inhibiting the LPO process, their antioxidant activity being correlated with the prophylactic effect with respect to intoxication with methanol and other organic poisons. It was also demonstrated that uracils are capable of stimulating regeneration and immunogenesis [3]. At the same time, it was found that the immunomodulant properties of drugs correlate with their ability to inhibit the radical-chain oxidation of organic compounds. In order to study the activity of some uracils in reactions with oxyperoxy radicals, we selected the model reaction of oxidation of isopropyl alcohol. The potential antioxidants were uracil (U), methyluracil (MU), and 5–hydroxy-6-methyluracil (HMU). The antioxidant activity of these uracils were studied with respect to the reaction of initiated oxidation of isopropyl alcohol at 75°C. The oxidation inhibition effect was evaluated by the change in the rate of oxygen absorption from air in the presence of uracils, which was determined using a high-sensitivity manometric setup. The initial isopropyl alcohol, purified by conventional methods [4], was characterized by the kinetic purity expressed by the oxidation capacity parameter determined in a special experiment: k

Environmentally safe solvent composition

Abstract: The present invention provides a solvent composition that is environmentally safe and has a palatable odor. The solvent composition can be used in numerous applications such as cleaning metal and non-metal surfaces and as a thinning agent. The solvent composition of the invention includes acetone, methyl propyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, and n-butyl acetate; includes less than 3 % methyl isobutyl ketone; and is substantially free of other undesirable chemicals such as methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methyl ethyl ketone, and toluene. The present invention also includes a method of cleaning a metal or non-metal surface and thinning a composition using the solvent composition of the invention.

Method of preparing 3-ethyl-5-methyl ester of 2-[2-n-(phthalimido)ethoxymethyl]- 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid

Abstract: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: described is method of preparing 3-ethyl-5-methyl ester of 2-[2-(N-phthalimido)ethoxymethyl-4-(2-chlorphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6- methyl-3,5-pyridinedicaroxylic acid of formula I: by reacting 2- chlorobenzaldehyde with 4-[2-(N-phthalimido)ethoxyacetoacetic acid ethyl ester in isopropyl alcohol solvent using pyridine, piperidine or salt s thereof as catalyst at temperatures from 25 C 35 C to gibe benzylidine derivative of 4-[2- (N-phthalimido)aceto acetic acid ethyl ester which is reacted with methylaminoprotonate added in portions to acetic acid at temperatures from 35 to 55 C to give product. EFFECT: more efficient preparation method. 3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Elimination of volatile chemicals in disinfectant evaluation procedures by freeze drying.

Abstract: Standard methods for the removal or inactivation of disinfectants from reaction mixtures are often unsatisfactory when dealing with high concentrations of particulate organic matter. A method employing freeze drying was developed to eliminate residual disinfectant activity from reaction mixtures. Following the addition of volatile chemicals to sterilized cattle slurry, samples were removed from the mixture, freeze dried, and the dried material was reconstituted with diluent containing Escherichia coli as the test micro-organism to determine if the volatile chemicals had been removed. Twelve chemicals and one commercial disinfectant (Virkon S) were evaluated at different concentrations. The chemicals selected were acetone, ammonium hydroxide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl alcohol, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, isopropyl alcohol, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and xylene. Eight chemicals, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and xylene were removed by freeze drying. The remaining four chemicals and the commercial disinfectant, which were not removed by freeze drying, could not be evaluated by this method.

Isopropyl Alcohol Dehydration over Chrominophosphate Catalysts-II. Deactivation

Abstract: The progressive deactivation of isopropyl alcohol dehydration over the chrominophosphate catalysts was studied by a continuous-flow micro-reactor in the temperature range of 423-573 K at atmospheric pressure. The deactivation of the catalyst is mainly due to coke deposit, rather than the presence of water. The deactivation kinetics is first order and the decaying phenomena can be described by the shrinking core model. The coke deposition was cor-related by the modified Voorhies empirical equation. Coke deposition on an active site would in-fluence the activities on its neighboring sites.

Process for hydrolyzing di-isopropyl ether to isopropyl alcohol by catalytic distillation using a solid acid catalyst

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of isopropyl alcohol from di-isopropyl ether by catalytic distillation. The process solves, in particular, problems associated with the Sulfuric Acid Process.

Ambient temperature setting super water-proof photocatalyst paint

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a super water-proof anti-bacteria and anti-pollution paint for protecting surface of a thing. SOLUTION: This paint is prepared by compounding an ethyl silicate and a silane coupling agent to a mixed alcohol solution carrying a dispersed photocatalyst, titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide, and combining an isopropyl alcohol in which a polyalkyl siloxane compsn. and a methylmethoxy siloxane are dissolved to the former solution. An example of compounding contains 1-10% titanium dioxide, 2-3% silicon dioxide, 10-15% ethanol, 55% isopropyl alcohol, 2-5% methanol, 3-5% ethyl silicate, 3-5% silane coupling agent, 0.3-0.7% polyalkyl siloxane compsn., 3-5% methylmethoxy siloxane, and 2-4% toluene. In this method, hardness of coating, strength of photocatalyst reaction, and hydrophobic property are freely changed by changing the compounding ratios of ethyl silicate, titanium dioxide, the polyalkyl siloxane, and the methylmethoxy siloxane.

Organic solvent composition for nail

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition having excellent use improving effect, handleability, texture changing effect and color tone changing effect by making the composition include specific amounts of a colorant and a resin. SOLUTION: This composition comprises (A) 0.5-10 wt.% of a colorant, preferably a lame agent (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate/aluminum/epoxy laminate powder, copper powder, etc.), and/or a pearl agent (e.g. mica titanium, iron oxide red/iron blue coated mica titanium, etc.), (B) 0-10 wt.% of a resin, preferably nitrocellulose. Preferably the composition comprises (C) 30-99.5 wt.% of an organic solvent (e.g. butyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, etc.), and has 2-100 mPa.s viscosity at 25 deg.C. The composition is, for example, usable as an organic solvent composition for modifying a nail enamel, a solution for diluting a nail enamel, etc.

Ink composition for preserving records and preparation method thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: A record-keeping ink composition, which is not discolored or faded even though a long period of time being passed after recording and is harmless to human body, and a method for preparing thereof are provided. CONSTITUTION: The record-keeping ink composition comprises: (i) 30-50 parts by weight of distilled water; (ii) 10-30 parts by weight of ink absorption accelerating agent selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and glycerin; (iii) 3-7 parts by weight of dye binder selected from the group consisting of amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, acrodextrin and maltodextrin; (iv) 3-8 parts by weight of viscosity controlling agent selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; (v) 3-8 parts by weight of antiseptic selected from the group consisting of carbolic acid, salicylic acid and tannic acid; (vi) 3-7 parts by weight of aqueous binder resin selected from the group consisting of shellac, aqueous acrylic resin, aqueous urethane resin, aqueous epoxy resin and modified resins thereof; (vii) 5-15 parts by weight of fascicle binding adjuvant made of cellulose and benzoic acid; and (viii) 10-20 parts by weight of dye. The method comprises the steps of: (i) increasing the temperature of the alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol to not less than 50 deg.C; (ii) dispersing 10-20 parts by weight of the dye and 3-7 parts by weight of the dextrin selected from the group consisting of amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, acrodextrin and maltodextrin in the alcohol; (iii) increasing the temperature of the distilled water to not less than 60 deg.C; (iv) dissolving 3-8 parts by weight of the acid selected from the group consisting of carbolic acid, salicylic acid and tannic acid in the distilled water of the step (iii) and slowly cooling down the solution to room temperature; (v) mixing the dispersion of the step (ii) with the solution of the step (iv); (vi) after adding 3-7 parts by weight of the resin selected from the group consisting of shellac, aqueous acrylic resin, aqueous urethane resin, aqueous epoxy resin and modified resins thereof and 5-15 parts by weight of the cellulose ester to the prepared mixture of the step (v), increasing the temperature of the mixture to not less than 50 deg.C; and (vii) cooling down the resultant material of the step (vi) to room temperature and then adding 3-15 parts by weight of the alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.

Water-color ink composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-color ink composition enabling written lines to be dried at higher rate and also capable of exhibiting effect on preventing a penpoint from being dried. SOLUTION: This water-color ink composition comprises at least coloring matter, water and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and, optionally, at least one kind selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in an amount of 5-20 wt.%.

PREPARATION METHOD OF ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROOXIDATIVE DECOMPOSITION OF INDUSTRIAL wasteE WATER

Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preparing a Ti electrode for electrolysis of industrial waste water is provided, which is improved in the efficiency of current and the life of electrode. CONSTITUTION: Ti gas is prepared by etching Ti gas in a saturated oxalic acid aqueous solution at 80°C for 1 hour; washing the etched Ti gas with primary washing water and drying the Ti gas; and sintering the Ti gas. An electrode catalytic solution is prepared by dispersing RuCl4 and Pt in a solution of isopropyl alcohol by sonication and maintaining the solution for 1 hour; adding isopropyl alcohol to the solution and stirring the solution for 1 hour, wherein the added isopropyl alcohol is two times as many as the total amount of RuCl4, TiO2 and Pt; and adding TiO2 to a solution under stirring, stirring the solution for 1 hour, adding this solution to the solution containing RuCl4 and Pt, and stirring the solution for 24 hours, wherein the solution containing TiO2 is 50 times as much as the solution containing RuCl4 and Pt in volume ratio. The ratio of Pt:RuO2:TiO2 is 1:9:90. Finally, the Ti electrode is prepared by dipping the Ti gas into the catalytic solution for 3-5 second and drying it with far infrared light at 70°C for 10 min; sintering the coated electrode at 480°C for 1 hour; washing and drying it; and repeating this procedure 5 times.

Composition for forming antimicrobial coating film

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition for forming an antimicrobial coating film scarcely causing discoloration with an antimicrobial agent and excellent in antimicrobial actions. SOLUTION: This composition is obtained by dispersing or dissolving a silver- based inorganic antimicrobial agent in a film-forming composition containing an organic solvent capable of containing water, e.g. isopropyl alcohol or isoamyl alcohol and a synthetic resin soluble or dispersible in the organic solvent and having at least one or more hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups in the molecular structure thereof, e.g. polyvinyl butyral or butyl methacrylate polymer.

Aqueous solution ofN-methylmorpholineN-oxide as a stationary liquid phase in steam chromatography

Abstract: The retention of more than 70 voltatile organic compounds of different classes was studied by steam chromatography using aqueous solutions ofN-methylmorpholineN-oxide as the stationary liquid phase (SLP). The effects of temperature and composition of the mobile phase on the retention factors (k) for polar and nonpolar sorbates were elucidated. An unusual order of elution of aliphatic alcohols was noted, namely,tert-butyl alcohol

Method for the purification of high purity isopropyl alcohol for cleaning semiconductor

Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for the purification of high purity isopropyl alcohol for the cleaning a semiconductor is provided which has controlled inorganic compound as producing metal ion while purifying an isopropyl alcohol. CONSTITUTION: A method for the purification of isopropyl alcohol comprises the elimination an inorganic impurities as metal ion and final purification product is provided a high purity isopropyl alcohol using cleaning a semiconductor having not less than 256MB. The process for the purification of high purity isopropyl alcohol for the cleaning a semiconductor comprises the steps of: the process for purification from isopropyl alcohol in a feeder; the process of first filter for an inorganic contaminant; the process for a storage; the process of filter for particle elimination; the process of second filter for an inorganic contaminant as metal ion.

Difference spatial distribution function analysis of aqueous solutions. III. Hydration structures of alcohol and ether solutions having straight chain and branched alkyl groups.

Abstract: Spatial distribution functions (SDFs), gOO(x, y, z) and gOH(x, y, z), obtained from Monte Carlo simulations at 298 K were applied to characterize the anisotropic structure of infinitely dilute aqueous solutions of alcohols and ethers having straight chain and branched alkyl groups. In spite of the different size and shape of the hydrophobic groups, the spatial orientation of the hydrogen-bonded water molecules was found to be of linear type with a triple layer structure in the hydrogen acceptor (HA) region and a double layer structure in the hydrogen donor (HD) region. The volumes and the coordination number (CN) in the HA region were essentially identical for all alcohol and ether solutions, but the volumes for the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and isopropyl methyl ether (IPE) solutions were greater than those for the other solutions. In the hydrophobic hydration (HH) region, these values increased with increasing size and shape of hydrophobic groups, except in the case of IPA and IPE solutions. These results indicated that the hydration structures around the isopropyl group in alcohol and ether solutions differed from those in other solutions. From the results of the difference SDF (DSDF), ΔgOO(x, y, z), between SDFs gOO(x, y, z) for the two states, it was apparent that the distribution of hydration water molecules in the HA region for ether solution was characterized by the increase of the distribution in the direction of lone pair electrons on the oxygen atom of the solute molecule with increasing hydrophobicity.