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Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The colour analysis showed a high L* value and the chromatic co-ordinates were in the yellow-greenish spectrum, and the use of isopropyl alcohol is recommended in ratio 1:3, since its commercial value is lower in comparison with ethanol.

239 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method to co-precipitate CeO2 and Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9−δ with ammonium hydroxide from solvents such as: water, ethylene glycol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol was described.

110 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Qingfa Wang1, Li Wang1, Junxia Chen1, Yulong Wu1, Zhentao Mi1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous epoxidation of propylene with 30-wt% hydrogen peroxide in isopropyl alcohol solvent over titanium silicalite (TS-1) zeolite was carried out and the good selectivity to propylene oxide and stability of TS-1 were obtained.
Abstract: Continuous epoxidation of propylene with 30-wt% hydrogen peroxide in isopropyl alcohol solvent over titanium silicalite (TS-1) zeolite was carried out and the good selectivity to propylene oxide and stability of TS-1 were obtained. After the reaction of 263 h, the deactivation of the TS-1 catalyst occurred. The spent catalysts were regenerated by calcinations at 550 °C for 5 h, washing with isopropyl alcohol solvent or washing with dilute hydrogen peroxide, and the activity evaluation of the regenerated catalysts were studied. The deactivated and regenerated catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The compositions deposited on the surface of the catalysts were collected by solvent extraction and were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that calcination and washing with dilute hydrogen peroxide were highly effective regeneration methods and the catalytic activity of TS-1 catalysts can be mostly recovered after these treatments. Washing with isopropyl alcohol had a subtle effect in recovering the catalytic activity of the TS-1 catalyst. The major cause of the deactivation of the TS-1 catalyst for epoxidation is blocking micropores induced by bulky organic by-products formed by consecutive reactions of target reaction, such as dimerization or oligomerization of propylene oxide, etherification of propylene oxide with isopropyl alcohol. In addition, leaching of framework titanium also contributes to the deactivation of the catalyst.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a two-column system which combines preconcentrator column and recovery column into a single column for a typical waste IPA stream with equal molar of isopropyl alcohol and water as an example.
Abstract: The design and control of a complete heterogeneous azeotropic distillation column system using cyclohexane (CyH) as entrainer has been presented by Chien et al. (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 2160). In that study, the feed composition to the heterogeneous azeotropic column is assumed to be near the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and water azeotropic composition (water at 31 mol % in that paper). However, for a typical waste IPA stream in the semiconductor industry where IPA is used as a cleaning agent, this waste stream is more diluted. Taking a typical waste IPA stream with equal molar of IPA and water as an example, design and control of the overall isopropyl alcohol dehydration process will be investigated. The resulting proposed design flow sheet is a two-column system which combines preconcentrator column and recovery column into a single column. This design adapted from Ryan and Doherty (AIChE J. 1989, 35, 1592) for their ethanol dehydration process not only minimizes the total annual cost but also is ver...

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new design of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) bench-scale reactor has been developed to handle high-risk wastes resulting from munitions demilitarization and high destruction rates based on total organic carbon (TOC) were achieved.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported consistent vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the binary and ternary systems of diisopropyl ether + isopropyric acid at 30 and 101.3 kPa, respectively, and the activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated with its composition using the Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC models.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 1- Propanol and 2-propanol poisoning presents early with mixed acidosis and elevated anion gap and only later with ketonuria, and laboratory results in simultaneous poisoning with two isomers of alcohol are not just a sum of laboratory results obtained in isolated poisoning with each isomer.
Abstract: 1-Propanol and 2-propanol are isomers of an alcohol with three carbons. They are colorless liquids with a sweet odor. 1-Propanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to propionic acid and presents with metabolic acidosis and elevated anion gap, whereas 2-propanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone and presents with rapidly developing (within 3-4 h after exposure) ketosis and ketonuria but without metabolic acidosis. We report a patient who simultaneously ingested a lethal dose of 1-propanol and 2-propanol as a hand disinfectant in hospital. The patient lost consciousness and stopped breathing within half an hour after ingestion. He was intubated and artificially ventilated. Initial laboratory results showed mixed acidosis with elevated anion gap, but ketonuria appeared only 12 h after admission and 6 h following the regaining of consciousness. Therefore, laboratory results in simultaneous poisoning with two isomers of alcohol are not just a sum of laboratory results obtained in isolated poisoning with each isomer because they influence each other's metabolism: 1-propanol retards the metabolism of 2-propanol to acetone. In conclusion, 1-propanol and 2-propanol poisoning presents early with mixed acidosis and elevated anion gap and only later with ketonuria.

29 citations


Patent
07 Nov 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a cost effective process for the synthesis of 1-(9H-carbazol-4yloxy)-3-[[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-propan-2-ol, (carvedilol phosphate) of formula (II) with high yields and purity is disclosed.
Abstract: A novel cost effective process for the synthesis of phosphate salts of 1-(9H-carbazol-4yloxy)-3-[[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-propan-2-ol, (carvedilol phosphate) of formula (II) with high yields and purity is disclosed. More particularly, the invention discloses a process for preparation of crystalline phosphate salts of carvedilol using various phosphate forming reagents such as phosphorous pentoxide, polyphosphoric acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen ortho phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen ortho phosphate in solvents selected from Acetonitrile, acetone and tetrahydrofuran. The solvents used to prepare solvates of carvedilol dihydrogen phosphate are methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The case points out the need to limit access to alcohol-containing antiseptic solutions on wards where alcoholic and psychotic patients are hospitalized and 4-methylpyrazole (fomepizole) was initiated.
Abstract: We report a mixed intoxication with isopropyl alcohol and propanol-1 in a hospitalized patient who ingested, on two separate days, two 100 ml bottles of a topical antiseptic solution containing isopropyl alcohol and propanol-1. Eight hours after the second ingestion, plasma concentrations of isopropanol, propanol-1 and acetone were 37 mg/dL, <10 mg/dL, and 227 mg/dl, respectively. Despite a lack of severe toxicity, 4-methylpyrazole (fomepizole) was initiated. This case points out the need to limit access to alcohol-containing antiseptic solutions on wards where alcoholic and psychotic patients are hospitalized.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the early stage of film growth was analyzed for films deposited by chemical vapor deposition using tin chloride as a source material, which revealed increased micro-grain density and decreased size by adding methanol into the reaction system, but X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggested that the total deposited volume was unchanged.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These new compounds and five recently reported 3-alkyl-4-(pmethoxybenzoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones were screened for their antioxidant activities.
Abstract: Five novel 3-alkyl-4-phenylacetylamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2) were synthesized by the reactions of 3-alkyl-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5- ones (1) with phenylacetyl chloride and characterized by elemental analyses and IR, 1 H- NMR, 13 C-NMR and UV spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds 2 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents such as isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide, and the half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases. In addition, these new compounds and five recently reported 3-alkyl-4-(p- methoxybenzoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (3) were screened for their antioxidant activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, an ointment and a cream from the German Pharmacopoeia were loaded separately with BM-17-V and the microstructure of the lipids and protein complexes located at the membrane of the corneocytes was altered by the use of the enhancers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage dissolution mechanism was proposed in which the dissolution rate was determined first by a chemical reaction and then by ash layer diffusion, and the apparent activation energy of the first chemical reaction step was determined to be 92.4

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The UDCaT-4 as discussed by the authors is a hexagonal mesoporous silica as an inert support for persulfated alumina and zirconia, which is used in the vapor phase alkylation of toluene with isopropyl alcohol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reactions of isopropyl alcohols with hexafluoropropylene and compounds containing labile halogen atoms (in particular, with allyl bromide and epichlorohydrin) were studied.
Abstract: Perfluoroolefins react with isopropyl alcohol under the conditions of radical initiation to form partially fluorinated aliphatic alcohols. The reactions of these alcohols with hexafluoropropylene and compounds containing labile halogen atoms (in particular, with allyl bromide and epichlorohydrin) were studied.

Patent
14 Feb 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have proposed a method for ultraviolet screening agent, ultraviolet resistant fabric finishing liquid, and the finished fabric, which includes the following steps: preparing A solution that aqueous solution contains 0.3-0.5% acid, stirring to form B solution, adding the B solution into the A solution as 5-9:1 volume ratio by stirring from room temperature to 100 degree centigrade; reacting for 24h; aging for 2-6h.
Abstract: The invention relates to ultraviolet screening agent, ultraviolet resistant fabric finishing liquid, and the finished fabric. The screening agent making method includes the following steps: preparing A solution that aqueous solution contains 0.3-0.5% acid which can be one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, glacial acetic acid, or phosphoric acid; preparing titanium source alcoholic solution as 100-0.5:1 volume ratio, stirring to form B solution; the titanium source can be one of titanic acid ethyl ester, titanic acid propyl ester, titanic acid butyl ester, or titanium tetrachloride; the alcohol can be one of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or butanediol; adding the B solution into the A solution as 5-9:1 volume ratio by stirring from room temperature to 100 degree centigrade; reacting for 24h; aging for 2-6h. The fabric finishing liquid contains 5-80% ultraviolet screening agent and water. The ultraviolet resistant fabric finishing adopts the produced finishing liquid to finish. The function is obvious. And the wash fastness is good.

Patent
29 Aug 2007
TL;DR: The mesoporous materials of this invention through sol-gel method and the high-temperature burning, do visible catalyst, or get carbon nm tube by the separation and purification as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The invention relates to a mesoporous TiO2 Crystal Preparation method with a photosensitive activity as template, it belongs to chemical engineering technology. Use of titanium alkoxides or ion-containing titanium ions titanate or salts or mixtures of these substances as TiO2 precursor, ethanol or acetone or a mixture of both as the diluents, used ethylene glycol or isopropyl alcohol or a mixture of both as dispersant, used Perylenequinone derivatives or other natural extract with photosensitive activity as the photosensitive activity object; the titanium dioxide precursor hydrolysis and crystal to get the mesoporous TiO2 precursor; mesoporous TiO2 precursor was sintering to get mesoporous TiO2 Crystal with photosensitive activity as template. The mesoporous materials of this invention through sol-gel method and the high-temperature burning, do visible catalyst, or get carbon nm tube by the separation and purification. The invention has low cost of production, product higher catalytic activity, stable performance, simple process.

Patent
23 May 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a H2 and CO2 inhibiter was proposed for oil/water well with high temperature and pressure, and has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, low consumption, low cost and high efficiency.
Abstract: The invention relates the chemical engineering field, especially a H2 and CO2 inhibiter. H2 and CO2 are produced accompany to oil-gas field exploitation and transfusion process, and can corrode exploitation equipment. The inhibiter contains at least (by wt. %): isopropyl alcohol 10-30, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether .1-0.5, and litol polyoxyethylene ether 0.1- 1.0. The inhibiter can be used in oil/water well with high temperature and pressure, and has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, low consumption, low cost and high efficiency.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, several alternatives for improving the cold flow properties of palm oil biodiesel are evaluated and two commercial additives used to reduce the cold filter plugging point of neat biodiesel and the tested blends.
Abstract: The faulty performance of palm oil biodiesel at low temperatures constitutes its main quality drawback and limitation to use this alternative fuel for diesel engines either as a neat fuel or blended with conventional diesel fuel derived from petroleum. In this work, several alternatives for improving the cold flow properties of palm oil biodiesel are evaluated. The production of biodiesel using branched-chain alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, 2-butyl alcohol and isopentyl alcohol allows the production of palm oil alkyl esters having cloud and pour points lower than those of methyl esters. Substituting isopropyl for the methyl group allows reductions in the cloud and pour points of 8 and 21 oC, respectively. Palm oil isopropyl esters have a cloud point 10 oC lower than the corresponding methyl esters. The cloud point of the palm oil biodieseldiesel fuel blends linearly increases with mixture biodiesel content. In the case of the tested blends there may be fuel filterability problems only at temperatures below -4 oC. This work also presents the effectiveness of two commercial additives used to reduce the cold filter plugging point of neat biodiesel and the tested blends. The results obtained showed that by using such additives it is only possible to obtain reductions in the B5 blend cold filter plugging point when the lowest additive concentration was used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aqueous formamide (20%) was found to exert a specific effect on the germicidal power of formic and acetic acids and also of ammonium hydroxide: bactericidal action against Bacr. aerogenes was increased six to twelvefold as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aqueous formamide (20%) was found to exert a specific effect on the germicidal power of formic and acetic acids and also of ammonium hydroxide: bactericidal action against Bacr. aerogenes was increased six- to twelve-fold. Certain other disinfecting substances were affected by formamide to a much less extent, e.g. phenols, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, oxalic acid, lactic acid, and various esters, while o-chlorophenol and trichloracetic acid were actually diminished in germicidal activity. Possible explanations for the observed results are discussed.

Patent
19 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a synthetic method for 1, 2-propylene diamine is proposed, which is produced by taking isopropyl alcohol as raw material and filling catalyst for pressurizing and heating reaction under hydrogen condition.
Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic method for 1, 2-propylene diamine which is produced by taking isopropyl alcohol as raw material and filling catalyst for pressurizing and heating reaction under hydrogen condition. The method comprises the steps as follows: firstly, isopropyl alcohol and catalyst are filled inside a reaction device; secondly, hydrogen is used for replacing the air inside the reaction device; thirdly, hydrogen and ammonia are continuously filled in for reaction under the temperature of 150 to 240 DEG C and the pressure of 10MPa to 13MPa, water is distilled through normal pressure after finishing the reaction, and then 1, 2-propylene diamine is obtained through vacuum distillation. The invention has the advantages that: (1) the technique process is clean with high product purity; (2) the cheap isopropyl alcohol is adopted as the raw material, thereby decreasing the cost; (3) the whole compound process can be operated continuously, thereby increasing the use rate of the device, satisfying the industrial demand and further decreasing the production cost; (4) the invention can apply the catalyst mechanically.

Patent
05 Sep 2007
TL;DR: A high-temperature corrosion inhibitor for acid fracturing is A anone 22-wt30, B hydrochloric acid with concentration 31% 1.5-4wt, C paraformaldehyde 6-10wt, D aniline 10-14wt, E aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy ether 8-10-wt, F methanamide 12-16wt, G propiolic alcohol 3-6wt, H isopropyl alcohol 2-4WT, I methyl alcohol 10-15wt, and J dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonia
Abstract: A high-temperature corrosion inhibitor for acid fracturing is A anone 22-wt30%, B hydrochloric acid with concentration 31% 1.5-4wt%, C paraformaldehyde 6-10wt%, D aniline 10-14wt%, E aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy ether 8-10wt%, F methanamide 12-16wt%, G propiolic alcohol 3-6wt%, H isopropyl alcohol 2-4wt%, I methyl alcohol 10-15wt%, and J dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonia chloride 3-6wt%. corrosion releasing rate of pillar in oil-well can reach to 90wt%.

Patent
18 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for preparing a hydrophilic titanium dioxide coating agent at ambient temperature is provided to enable mass production, to achieve cost reduction, and to produce a transparent coating agent having stain resistance.
Abstract: A method for preparing a hydrophilic titanium dioxide coating agent at ambient temperature is provided to enable mass production, to achieve cost reduction, and to produce a transparent coating agent having stain resistance. The method for preparing a hydrophilic titanium dioxide coating agent at ambient temperature comprises the steps of: mixing ethanol, water, and an acid(at least one selected from HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4) in a molar ratio of 5-10:10-20:1-5; adding titanium tetraisopropoxide to the solution in a molar ratio of 1 or less based on the molar ratio of water, and then stirring the admixture for at least 4 hours for hydrolysis to prepare transparent anatase type titanium dioxide sol; adding ethanol, tetraethoxide silicate, water, an acid(at least one selected from HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4) in a ratio of 32:3:28:0.1, and then stirring the admixture for at least 4 hours for hydrolysis to prepare amorphous silicon dioxide sol as a transparent binder; mixing the titanium dioxide sol with the silicon dioxide sol in a molar ratio of 9-1:1-9 for at least and cross-linking the mixture for at least 4 hours to prepare a titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide solution; and diluting the titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide solution with 300-1100wt% of at least one solvent selected from isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, or methanol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present results suggest that aromatic esters can enhance the chemical stability of BPO in solutions and gel formulations to a significant extent.
Abstract: The chemical stability of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was studied in solutions and gels. The solutions (1% w/v) were prepared in single solvents (alcohol USP, isopropyl alcohol USP, ethyl benzoate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, dimethyl isosorbide, propylene carbonate, and acetone) and in binary and tertiary combinations of these solvents, with and without the addition of antioxidant(s) (BHT, BHA, eugenol, tert-butyl hydroquinone, Tenox-2, vitamin E, and vitamin C). The solutions were stored at 37 degrees C for 5 weeks, and each week were analyzed for remaining BPO. Using first-order kinetics, the stability of BPO in solution was found to decrease in the order: ternary>binary>single solvent systems. Regardless of the number of solvents present, the highest stability of BPO (t1/2>7.5 weeks) was attained in the presence of ethyl benzoate and C12-15 alkyl benzoate. The stability of BPO in solution did not change significantly with the addition of most antioxidants. The solutions in which BPO remained most stable were one in alcohol USP-ethyl benzoate-C12-15 alkyl benzoate (60:20:20; t1/2=18.15 weeks) and another in alcohol USP-C12-15 alkyl benzoate-isopropanol plus 0.1% BHT (65:20:15; t1/2=12.44 weeks). In turn, these two solutions were converted to homogeneous gels by the addition of Cab-O-Sil. The chemical stability of BPO in these gels was evaluated at 37 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, and 55 degrees C for 5 weeks. Parallel experiments were conducted with two commercial BPO products, a 2.5% tinted gel and 5% vanishing lotion. BPO was less stable in commercial products (t1/2

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the use of isopropyl skin prep pads is unlikely to cause significant false-positive blood ethanol levels, and should not be considered a substitute for a conventional hand sanitizer.
Abstract: This was a retrospective analysis of prospective data collected from a study of blood ethanol levels after the use of the alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS). A total of 5 male volunteers were enrolled. Eight of the 10 total blood ethanol level measurements were drawn after skin preparation with Kendall WEBCOL Alcohol Preps (APP) containing 70% isopropyl alcohol. All had an initial and post-ABHS application blood alcohol level (BAL) drawn, for a total of 10 BAL measurements. Measurements upon completion of the study were <5 mg/dL in all 5 study participants and in each of the 10 blood draws regardless of skin preparation technique. This study demonstrates that the use of isopropyl skin prep pads is unlikely to cause significant false-positive blood ethanol levels.

Patent
30 May 2007
TL;DR: In this article, an extraction method of entire genome DNA from apocynum leaf, which comprises the following steps: grinding apoclynum leaf; adding cracking liquid to crack; adding reducer and protein hydrolase to dispose for a while; removing protein through chloroform/isoamyl alcohol solution; removing polysaccharide through sodium acetate solution; sedimenting DNA through anhydrous alcohol or isopropyl alcohol; dissolving DNA through TE solution.
Abstract: The invention discloses an extracting method of entire genome DNA from apocynum leaf, which comprises the following steps: grinding apocynum leaf; adding cracking liquid to crack; adding reducer and protein hydrolase to dispose for a while; removing protein through chloroform/isoamyl alcohol solution; removing polysaccharide through sodium acetate solution; sedimenting DNA through anhydrous alcohol or isopropyl alcohol; dissolving DNA through TE solution.


Patent
14 Mar 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a kind of sterilizing liquid soap for washing hand and bathing is presented, which is prepared with stearic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, glycerin, isopropyl alcohol, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, essence, water and high efficiency bactericide.
Abstract: The present invention is one kind of sterilizing liquid soap for washing hand and bathing. The sterilizing liquid soap is prepared with stearic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, glycerin, isopropyl alcohol, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, essence, water and high efficiency bactericide, and through one special technological process. It may be used to serve like common detergent, kill virus and bacteria and avoid germ propagation.

Patent
08 Feb 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a process for the preparation of amlodipine is described, which comprises purging of methylamine gas under stirring in phthaloyl amladipine in presence of an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene and isopropyl alcohol.
Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of amlodipine, which comprises purging of methylamine gas under stirring in phthaloyl amlodipine in presence of an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene and isopropyl alcohol

Patent
09 Apr 2007
TL;DR: A method for preparing highly pure gamma-amino butyric acid by using an enzyme is provided to improve the yield and economical efficiency of production of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Abstract: A method for preparing highly pure gamma-amino butyric acid by using an enzyme is provided to improve the yield and economical efficiency of production of gamma-amino butyric acid by eliminating a process for removing salts by minimizing production of salts with L-glutamic acid as a substrate of enzyme A method for preparing highly pure gamma-amino butyric acid comprises the steps of: (a) reacting 1-15%(w/v) of L-glutamic acid in substrate solution with glutamic acid decarboxylase; (b) adding alkali into the enzyme reacted product for regulating pH to 35-60; and (c) adding C1-C3 aliphatic alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol into the mixed solution of gamma-aminobutyric acid and salt to crystallize selectively the gamma-aminobutyric acid Further, a concentration of the alcohol in crystallized solution after the alcohol is added is 45 to 80%(v/v)