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Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the removal of two volatile organic compounds (propane and isopropyl alcohol) by a nanosecond pulsed corona discharge serially combined with Al2O3-MnO2 catalytic post-treatment has been investigated in air at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
Abstract: The removal of two volatile organic compounds (propane and isopropyl alcohol) by a nanosecond pulsed corona discharge serially combined with Al2O3–MnO2 catalytic post-treatment has been investigated in air at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The degradation mechanism of VOCs in the non-thermal plasma is a serious problem: several hazardous organic compounds (acetone and formaldehyde) are produced, and the formation yield of CO is higher than CO2. The high concentration of ozone (up to 800 ppm) produced in the corona discharge can be used to further oxidize the VOCs on the catalyst. The efficient decomposition of O3 on MnO2 at ambient temperature leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species susceptible to react with residual pollutants in the effluent. This results in a significant increase of VOCs destruction and removal efficiency. Moreover, the catalytic post-treatment greatly enhances the conversion of propane into CO2. The study of ozone-promoted decomposition mechanism of C3H8 on the catalyst has shown that organic by-products are adsorbed and gradually oxidized on the surface. However, concerning isopropyl alcohol, the oxidation remains incomplete: the formation yield of acetone increases after catalytic post-treatment, and the concentration of carbon oxides remains very low. The treatment of immobilized C3H7OH by ozone could be an alternative technique. Finally, the influence of the gas composition on the decomposition rate of ozone was also investigated.

81 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effectiveness of an ethanol-based cleanser compared with isopropyl alcohol pads in reducing bacterial contamination of stethoscope diaphragms was determined and a significant reduction in bacterial growth in culture was led to.

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alkenes and alkynes are rapidly reduced to the corresponding alkanes using sodium borohydride and acetic acid in the presence of a small amount of palladium catalyst.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a single application of 70% isopropyl alcohol is a sufficient and a more cost- and time-effective method of obtaining blood samples for culture than the use of a combination of isoproyl alcohol and povidone-iodine.
Abstract: Despite a number of studies on the efficacies of antiseptics for the prevention of blood culture contamination, it still remains unclear which antiseptic should be used. Although the combination of povidone-iodine and isopropyl alcohol has been traditionally used in many institutions, the application of povidone-iodine needs extra time, and there is little evidence that this combination could have an additive effect in reducing contamination rates. To elucidate the additive efficacy of povidone-iodine, we compared two antiseptics, 70% isopropyl alcohol only and 70% isopropyl alcohol plus povidone-iodine, in a prospective, nonrandomized, and partially blinded study in a community hospital in Japan between 1 October 2007 and 21 March 2008. All blood samples for culture were drawn by first-year residents who received formal training on collection techniques. Skin antisepsis was performed with 70% isopropyl alcohol plus povidone-iodine on all inpatient wards and with only 70% isopropyl alcohol in the emergency department. For the group of specimens from inpatient wards cultured, 13 (0.46%) of 2,797 cultures were considered contaminated. For the group of specimens from the emergency department cultured, 12 (0.42%) of 2,856 cultures were considered contaminated. There was no significant difference in the contamination rates between the two groups (relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 1.98; P = 0.80). In conclusion, the use of a single application of 70% isopropyl alcohol is a sufficient and a more cost- and time-effective method of obtaining blood samples for culture than the use of a combination of isopropyl alcohol and povidone-iodine. The extremely low contamination rates in both groups suggest that the type of antiseptic used may not be as important as the use of proper technique.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the mode of test procedure in EN 12791 does not need specific adaptation for hand disinfection by surgical teams, and the additional inclusion of the forearms into the disinfection procedure does not significantly interfere with the antimicrobial efficacy of either hand rub.

38 citations


Patent
27 Feb 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of producing a compound originating from a polysaccharide-based biomass includes at least one of a saccharification step that produces a sugar solution containing a monosaccharide and/or an oligosACcharide from a product obtainable by hydrolyzing the poly-saccharides-based biomolecular biomass; a fermentation step that ferments the sugar solution, and a treatment that removes a fermentation inhibitor with the use of a separation membrane having a glucose removal rate and an isopropyl alcohol removal rate which simultaneously satisfy
Abstract: A method of producing a compound originating from a polysaccharide-based biomass includes at least one of a saccharification step that produces a sugar solution containing a monosaccharide and/or an oligosaccharide from a product obtainable by hydrolyzing the polysaccharide-based biomass; a fermentation step that ferments the sugar solution containing the monosaccharide and/or oligosaccharide originating from the polysaccharide-based biomass; and a treatment that removes a fermentation inhibitor with the use of a separation membrane having a glucose removal rate and an isopropyl alcohol removal rate which simultaneously satisfy the following relationships (I) and (II) when a 500 ppm aqueous glucose solution at pH 65 at 25° C and a 500 ppm aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution at pH 65 at 25° C are respectively permeated through the membrane at an operation pressure of 05 MPa, prior to the saccharification step and/or in the step prior to the fermentation step: Glucose removal rate≧80% (I) Glucose removal rate−Isopropyl alcohol removal rate≧20% (II)

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the design and control of two types of separation systems using heterogeneous azeotropic distillation have been studied in the literature, one type (e.g., isopropyl alcohol dehydration) is to add a...
Abstract: The design and control of two types of separation systems using heterogeneous azeotropic distillation have been studied in the literature. One type (e.g., isopropyl alcohol dehydration) is to add a...

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the mesoporous superacidic catalysts were evaluated in the greener synthesis of carvacrol and the results showed that the reaction is free from any external mass transfer as well as intraparticle diffusion limitations and is intrinsically kinetically controlled.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alkylation of o-cresol with propylene or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) over solid acid catalysts results in the formation of carvacrol, which finds potential applications in the synthesis of fine chemicals, intermediates, specialty chemicals, flavours and fragrances. RESULTS: The present work covers evaluation of novel mesoporous superacidic catalysts namely UDCaT-4, UDCaT-5 and UDCaT-6 in the greener synthesis of carvacrol. The catalysts are modified versions of zirconia showing high catalytic activity, stability and reusability. The catalytic activity increases in the following order: UDCaT-5 > UDCaT-4 > UDCaT-6 > sulfated zirconia. The process was optimized and a mathematical model developed to describe the reaction pathway in liquid phase. Carvacrol could be efficiently obtained with a selectivity up to 82% at an isopropanol conversion of 98% after 2 h over UDCaT-5 at 180 °C. CONCLUSION: The reaction is free from any external mass transfer as well as intraparticle diffusion limitations and is intrinsically kinetically controlled. An overall second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the experimental data. The activation energy was found to be 19.2 kcal/mol. The reaction was carried out without any solvent in order to make the process cleaner and greener. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2009-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of solvents on the removal capability of CuCl2-ACs and the most efficient and economical method of sorbent preparation were examined with respect to surface tension and pH.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the afterglow of a photo-triggered discharge, which generates an homogeneous transient non-equilibrium plasma, using a time resolved absorption measurement method, is measured in absolute value in theafterglow, and experimental results are compared to predictions of a self-consistent 0D discharge and kinetic model.
Abstract: The kinetic of the hydroxyl radical is studied in N 2 /O 2 /H 2 O mixtures with small amounts of acetone or isopropyl alcohol (0.5%). The radical density is measured in absolute value in the afterglow of a photo-triggered discharge, which generates an homogeneous transient non-equilibrium plasma, using a time resolved absorption measurement method. For dry mixtures, experimental results are compared to predictions of a self-consistent 0D discharge and kinetic model. It is shown that dissociation of the VOCs through quenching collisions of nitrogen metastable states plays an important role in the production of OH. Measurements can not be explained looking only at the oxidation of acetone or IPA by the oxygen atom. This result is reinforced by experimental results about the OH density in wet mixtures, with or without VOCs, compared to dry ones.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of preparation conditions and precursor of the support on the structure, surface and catalytic properties of the catalysts were investigated by using XRD, N2-adsorption at −196-°C and using catalytic conversion of isopropyl alcohol at 75-275°C using a flow technique.

Patent
Zhilong Xiu, Hua Zhang, Ge Xu, Menglu Li, Liya Du 
16 Sep 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a double water phase method for extracting anthocyanin in bilberry by double water phases is described, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding inorganic salt solution and hydrophilic low-molecular organic substance into bilberry fruit residue, stirring the mixture evenly, keeping the mixture standing, layering the mixture, extracting the anthocaranin to an upper phase, and distributing the residue at the lower phase or between the two phases so as to achieve the aim of extracting the additive substance.
Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for extracting anthocyanin in bilberry by double water phases, and belongs to the technical field of biological engineering The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding inorganic salt solution and hydrophilic low-molecular organic substance into bilberry fruit residue, stirring the mixture evenly, keeping the mixture standing, layering the mixture, extracting the anthocyanin to an upper phase, and distributing the residue at the lower phase or between the two phases so as to achieve the aim of extracting the anthocyanin from the bilberry fruit residue The inorganic salt is one or a combination of sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, preferably ammonium sulphate; and the hydrophilic low-molecular organic substance is one or a combination of methanol, ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, normal butanol, isobutyl alcohol, glycol and acetone, preferably ethanol The method has the advantages that a novel method for extracting the anthocyanin is developed, the method is easy to industrialize, the utilization ratio of the bilberry is improved, and the production cost of the anthocyanin is lowered

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of blood gas analyzers, which use an enzymatic assay, thus avoiding acetone interference, are highlighted as a quick method to correctly estimate the serum creatinine concentration and avoid labeling the patient as having acute renal failure.
Abstract: Isopropyl alcohol is a relatively common source of clinical intoxication. It is usually suspected when a patient presents with high serum or urine ketones and a high osmolar gap without acidosis. Acute renal failure due to isopropyl alcohol ingestion is rare. We describe a patient with isopropyl alcohol ingestion who presented with renal failure, but with a false elevation of serum creatinine secondary to interference by acetone with the colorimetric assay for creatinine. We highlight the use of blood gas analyzers, which use an enzymatic assay, thus avoiding acetone interference, as a quick method to correctly estimate the serum creatinine concentration and avoid labeling the patient as having acute renal failure.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a gas chromatographic method for the determination of methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol at residual levels in herbal formulations and extracts was developed using a flame ionization detector and the separation was carried out on BP 624 column (30m X 0.53mm i.d.
Abstract: Summary: Organic volatile impurities (OVIs), residual solvents in herbal formulations and extracts were monitored using gas chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionisation detector (FID). As per GMP, measuring residual solvents is mandatory. It is now possible to take advantage of GC equipment with faster temperature ramping capabilities, in combination with shorter capillary GC columns, to achieve considerable gain in efficiency and reduction in analysis time. In the present study Gas chromatographic method for the determination of methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol at residual levels in herbal formulations and extracts was developed using a flame ionization detector and the separation was carried out on BP 624 column (30m X 0.53mm i.d. X 0.25µm coating thickness), using GC 17 A shimadzu, with nitrogen as carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method. The retention time for standard methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol was found to be 3.72, 5.26 and 6.28 min respectively. The linearity for methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was found to be in the range of 10-400µLmL-1 ,10 - 500 µL mL-1 and 1 -240 µLmL-1 respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible for the quantitation of methanol, ethanol and isopropyl levels from herbal formulations and extracts and their levels are found to be within the ICH limits. Industrial relevance: ICH guidelines have mentioned the limits for solvents according to their toxicity level. They have classified the solvents into four Classes, Class 1 limits 2, 4, 15 ppm for benzene, carbon tetrachloride and 1, 1, 1-trichloro ethane. Class 2 solvents viz; methanol 3000 ppm, Class 3 ethanol and isopropyl alcohol 5000 ppm. Since various solvents have been used for the extraction, granulation, film coating, cleaning and miscellaneous. It is impossible to remove the residual solvents completely; they cause serious hazardous to human health, thus determination of residual solvents has become mandatory to control the herbal extracts and formulation. Regulatory bodies have been very particular about the limits of various solvents.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification of canola oil to fatty acid methyl esters was studied using Amberlyst-26 as a solid catalyst, and the influence of reaction conditions, such as the reaction time, methanol to oil molar ratio, amount of catalyst, effect of co-solvent, and alcohol and oil types, were determined.
Abstract: The transesterification of canola oil to fatty acid methyl esters was studied using Amberlyst-26 as a solid catalyst. The influence of reaction conditions, such as the reaction time, methanol to oil molar ratio, amount of catalyst, effect of co-solvent, and alcohol and oil types, were determined. When the reaction was carried out at 45 ◦ C with a canola oil to methanol molar ratio of 6:1, a reaction time of 1.5 h, and 3 wt.% of catalyst, oil conversion was about 67%. Methanol was much more reactive than ethanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in the transesterification reaction. The conversion of canola oil did not change much with the addition of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a co-solvent; however, in the presence of n-hexane as a co-solvent in the reaction mixture, the conversion of canola oil decreased. Canola oil had the highest conversion among the other oils used, including sunflower and corn oils. All the results suggest that Amberlyst-26 cannot serve as an economical solid catalyst for the high-yield production of biodiesel from canola oil.

Patent
09 Sep 2009
TL;DR: A combination of quaternary phosphonium biocide (preferably TTPC), alcohol, and functional excipients for the oil and gas recovery industry is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: A combination biocide (Glutaraldehyde or OPA), quaternary phosphonium biocide (preferably TTPC), alcohol (preferably isopropyl alcohol), and functional excipients for the oil and gas recovery industry. The functional excipients for the oil and gas recovery industry are a cellulose type proppant, a poloxamer wetting agent, a friction-reducing pluronic block copolymer, a drag reducing agent such as polyethylene oxide, and a flocculating agent. The OPA may be of the dialdehyde C 6 H 4 (CHO) 2 form, and the Glutaraldehyde of formula C 5 H 8 O 2 . Both will produce an inherent bacteriostatic effect and lower surface tension and thus aids in the spread of the TTPC on the biofilm covered surface where it is readily absorbed by the negative surfaces of proteins and bacteria. It thus serves as a binding agent between the TTPC and the application surface. The foregoing constituents are combined in preferred concentrations within acceptable ranges to provide a synergistic biological chemical complementarity system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of solid acid catalysts such as K-10 clay, sulfated zirconia, Filtrol-24, 20% w/w dodecatungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40, DTP) supported on K 10 clay, and 20% W/w cesium-substituted Ces2.5H0.5PW 12O40 and Cs-DTP were evaluated under milder conditions.
Abstract: The alkylation of xylenes with propylene or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) over solid acid catalysts results in the formation of isopropyl xylenes (dimethyl cumenes). However, the use of propylene as an alkylating agent at very high temperatures leads to coke formation, which results in deactivation of the catalyst. The present work covers evaluation of acidic clay-supported catalysts and sulfated zirconia. A variety of solid acid catalysts such as K-10 clay, sulfated zirconia, Filtrol-24, 20% w/w dodecatungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40, DTP) supported on K-10 clay, and 20% w/w cesium-substituted dodecatungstophosphoric acid (Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40, Cs-DTP) supported on K-10 clay under much milder conditions. The best catalyst to achieve maximum conversion and selectivity was determined to be 20% w/w Cs-DTP/K-10 clay. The reactions were conducted in the liquid phase at relatively low reaction temperatures (160−190 °C). The reaction was performed without using any solvent, and the process subscribes to the principles o...

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a gas chromatographic method for the determination of methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol at residual levels in herbal formulations and extracts was developed using a flame ionization detector and the separation was carried out on BP 624 column, with nitrogen as carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method.
Abstract: Organic volatile impurities (OVIs), residual solvents in herbal formulations and extracts were monitored using gas chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionisation detector (FID). As per GMP, measuring residual solvents is mandatory. It is now possible to take advantage of GC equipment with faster temperature ramping capabilities, in combination with shorter capillary GC columns, to achieve considerable gain in efficiency and reduction in analysis time. In the present study Gas chromatographic method for the determination of methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol at residual levels in herbal formulations and extracts was developed using a flame ionization detector and the separation was carried out on BP 624 column, using GC 17 A shimadzu, with nitrogen as carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method. The retention time for standard methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol was found to be 3.72, 5.26 and 6.28 min respectively. The linearity for methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was found to be in the range of 10-400 μL mL -1 , 10 - 500μL mL -1 and 1 -240μL mL -1 respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible for the quantitation of methanol, ethanol and isopropyl levels from herbal formulations and extracts and their levels are found to be within the ICH limits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) are efficient IPA adsorbents and can be used in the prolonged cyclic adsorption/desorption operation.
Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were oxidized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and used as adsorbents to study adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and desorption of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) vapor in an airstream. The adsorption capacity of IPA decreased with temperature, indicating an exothermic nature of the adsorption process, and slightly decreased with relative humidity, showing a hydrophobic nature of the adsorbent surface. The adsorption mechanism appears mainly attributable to physical forces from 5 to 25 °C but appears primarily attributable to chemical forces from 25 to 35 °C. A comparative study on the cyclic IPA adsorption between SWCNTs(NaOCl) and granular activated carbon, GAC(NaOCl), was also conducted and the results revealed that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) show better repeated availability of IPA adsorption during 15 cycles of operation than the GAC(NaOCl). This suggests that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) are efficient IPA adsorbents and can be used in the prolonged cyclic adsorption/de...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of the activation parameters for the reactions in the two solvent systems as well as those in the i-PrOH/AN (1:1 v/v) reported earlier suggests that the AN medium promotes the reaction by activating the ground-state alcohol reactant through weak interactions with the electron pairs on alcohol O, while water and parent alcohol media facilitate the Reaction by H-bonding stabilization of the alcohol moiety of the TS.
Abstract: The rate constants of the hydride-transfer reactions from isopropyl alcohol (i-PrOH) to an NAD+ model, 9-phenylxanthylium ion (PhXn+), in acetonitrile (AN) and in water containing AN (80% H2O/20% AN) were determined over a temperature range from 36 to 67 °C. The reactions follow second-order rate laws. In the latter solution, formation of the water adduct of PhXn+ was observed as a side-equilibrium (K). The observed inverse solvent kinetic isotope effect (kH2Oobs/kD2Oobs = 0.54), the larger than unity equilibrium isotope effect (K(H2O)/K(D2O) = 2.69), and the results of acid effect on the observed rate constants of the reactions are consistent with the “side-equilibrium mechanism”. Kinetic isotope effects at all three H/D positions of i-PrOH for the net hydride-transfer process were determined in both solutions at 60 °C: KIEα-DH = 3.2(AN), 3.2(H2O); KIEβ-D6H = 1.05(AN), 1.16(H2O); KIEODH = 1.08(AN), 1.04(H2O). These KIE values are consistent with the presence of the positively charged alcohol moiety in th...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the zeta potential of hydroxyapatite powder in isopropyl alcohol was measured by measuring zeta sizer equipment, and it was concluded that the suspension which was stabilised with 4 g L−1 polyethylenimine revealed the highest zeta-potential and stability which is suitable for cathodic electrophoretic deposition.
Abstract: Suspension stability of hydroxyapatite powder in isopropyl alcohol was investigated by measuring zeta potential. In this study, isopropyl alcohol was used as a suspension media, and nitric acid, polyvinyl butyral and polyethylenimine were the dispersing agents. Fine grain particles with mean particle size and surface area of 2·54 μm and 5·8 m2 g−1 respectively, were prepared. Stable suspensions were made by mixing 40 g L−1 milled powders in isopropyl alcohol. The zeta potential of the suspensions was measured by using zeta sizer equipment. The results showed that by adding nitric acid and polyvinyl butyral to the system, negative charge was introduced, while polyethylenimine donated positive charge to the surface of particles and induced electrostatic and steric stabilisation. It was concluded that the suspension which was stabilised with 4 g L−1 polyethylenimine revealed the highest zeta potential and stability which is suitable for cathodic electrophoretic deposition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of zeolite architecture and channel dimensionality on p-xylene conversion and selectivity to 1-isopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-benzene was investigated.
Abstract: The effect of zeolite architecture and channel dimensionality on p-xylene conversion and selectivity to 1-isopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-benzene was investigated in p-xylene alkylation with isopropyl alcohol over novel zeolites SSZ-33 and SSZ-35. Catalytic behavior of these zeolites was compared with those of zeolites Beta, mordenite, ZSM-11 and ZSM-5. It was found that p-xylene conversion increases with increasing pore size and connectivity of the channel system of individual zeolites with the exception of SSZ-35, which possesses a system of one-dimensional 10-ring channels that periodically open into wide, shallow cavities circumscribed by 18-rings. SSZ-35 exhibited the highest conversion among all zeolites at the reaction temperature of 150 °C and also the highest selectivity to 1-isopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-benzene. Molecular modeling confirmed the dimensions of the 18-ring cages are optimal for the formation of this alkylation product.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A selective Gas Chromatographic (GC) method has been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for residual solvent analysis in 10 different hydro chloride salts of APIs and is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible.
Abstract: GMP conditions commands to control adequately the quality of APIs by checking the levels of residual solvents. Organic solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene frequently used in pharmaceutical industry for the manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A selective Gas Chromatographic (GC) method has been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for residual solvent analysis in 10 different hydro chloride salts of APIs. Residual solvents in APIs were monitored using gas chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionisation detector (FID). The separation was carried out on BP 624 column (30m X 0.53mm i.d. X 0.25µm coating thickness), using GC 17 A shimadzu, with nitrogen as carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible for the quantitation of acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene at residual level from hydrochloride chloride salts of APIs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alkenes and alkynes are rapidly reduced to the corresponding alkanes using sodium borohydride and acetic acid in the presence of a small amount of palladium catalyst as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Alkenes and alkynes are rapidly reduced to the corresponding alkanes using sodium borohydride and acetic acid in the presence of a small amount of palladium catalyst. The heterogeneous reaction is conducted in open air at room temperature. Reactions typically afford conversions to the alkane product of 98% or more within 15 min. The best solvent system was determined to be isopropyl alcohol, though reduction also takes place in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and, with some substrates, even in water. The method described is a convenient alternative to hydrogenations that require an external supply of hydrogen gas.

Patent
19 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation method of a counter electrode of a dyestuff sensitized solar cell on the basis of a carbon nanotube and platinum was described, and the method consisted of the following steps: chloroplatinic acid is added into isopropyl alcohol for complete dissolution, thus obtaining a chloroplatisic acid, and then the solution is coated on the surface of the conductive glass in a spin coating way and naturally dried for more than 24h in the air.
Abstract: The invention discloses a preparation method of a counter electrode of a dyestuff sensitized solar cell on the basis of a carbon nanotube and platinum. The method comprises the following steps: chloroplatinic acid is added into isopropyl alcohol for complete dissolution, thus obtaining a chloroplatinic acid isopropyl alcohol solution which is added with carbon nanotube and evenly stirred, thus obtaining a chloroplatinic acid isopropyl alcohol solution containing the carbon nanotube; conductive glass which is taken as a substrate is cleaned; the solution is coated on the surface of the conductive glass in a spin coating way and naturally dried for more than 24h in the air; and the conductive glass coated with the solution is put into a sintering furnace.

Patent
07 Oct 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a carbinol gasoline fuel was used for an engine fuel, in particular to a novel liquid fuel for a gasoline engine, and the antiknock index was reinforced as the octane number was improved; and the compounding was optimized scientifically during the experiment and practice.
Abstract: A novel carbinol gasoline fuel relates to an engine fuel, in particular to a novel liquid fuel for a gasoline engine. According to the weight parts, the novel carbinol gasoline fuel is mixed simply by the following raw materials of the composition: 20-80 of gasoline, 20-90 of carbinol, 2-10 of petroleum ether, 1-5 of 2-methylpentane, 0-5 of octane, 0-5 of isooctane, 0-5 of diethyl carbonate, 0-4 of cinnamene, 0.2-4 of trimethyl borate, 0-5 of dibutyl phosphite, 0.5-5 of dimethyl carbonate, 0-5 of methyl tertiary butyl ether, 0-4 of ether, 0-4 of isopropyl ether, 0-6 of acetone, 0-4 of isopropyl alcohol, 0-5 of isobutyl alcohol and 0-4 of anti-oxidant. The antiknock index is reinforced as the octane number is improved; and the compounding is optimized scientifically during the experiment and practice, thus leading the vehicle to keep the best stability on all aspects when the liquid fuel is in use.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A patient with chronic alcoholism presents to the emergency department inebriated and covered in emesis; he has a distinct fruity odor of acetone on his breath; however, he denies drinking nail polish remover.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A susceptibility ratio (SR), for comparing the relative toxicities of different agents based on the quotient of their ARD50 values, was calculated here for sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol, and found to be 50:1.
Abstract: With the use of a micropolarographic system, the effects of a series of isopropyl alcohol concentrations on oxygen uptake by the corneal epithelium of the rabbit were measured in vivo. Based on an exposure period of 10 sec, followed by a saline rinse, concentrations of greater than 31% were found to cause an abrupt and severe decline in oxygen uptake, with oxygen flux responses associated with 44% and greater being indistinguishable 60 min later from those of an epithelially denuded cornea. Initial flux variations, e.g. a mild depression at 24% and a mild elevation at just under 31%, were still evident 1 h following exposure. A slope model for estimating that concentration, the aerobic reduction dosage, which would reduce the oxygen flux activity of the epithelium to half, called here the ARD50, was found for this exposure time to be 37%. That estimate is in very close agreement with measured responses. A susceptibility ratio (SR), for comparing the relative toxicities of different agents based on the quotient of their ARD50 values, was calculated here for sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol, and found to be 50:1.

Patent
18 Feb 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of synthesizing isopropyl acetate with a reaction-rectification bulkhead column, and a device thereof, is described, and the advantages of the bulkhead and the reaction distillation are fully developed in the present invention, the esterification reaction and the product purification can be realized in one tower, and equipment investment and energy consumption can be effectively reduced.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a technical method of synthesizing isopropyl acetate with a reaction-rectification bulkhead column, and a device thereof. The reactive distillation bulkhead column is characterized in that a bulkhead is arranged in the vertical direction in a conventional rectification column, the right-side bottom of the bulkhead is sealed, and the whole column is divided into five regions. Raw materials, namely, isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid are added into the column from the upper space of the column reactor; the isopropyl alcohol and the acetic acid perform esterification reaction in the reaction zone or in the lower part of the column reactor to prepare the isopropyl acetate with the influence of a catalyst acidic cation exchange resin; after the gas phase at the top of the column is condensed and separated, the water phase is discharged out of the system, and the ester phase are driven into the top of the column as a back flow; the product isopropyl acetate of high purity can be acquired at the bottom of the side stripping section; and no materials are discharged at the bottom of the column. The advantages of the bulkhead and the reaction distillation are fully developed in the present invention, the esterification reaction and the product purification can be realized in one tower, and the equipment investment and energy consumption can be effectively reduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the growth mechanism of C60 nanowhiskers (C60NWs) using liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method (LLIP method).
Abstract: The growth mechanism of C60 nanowhiskers (C60NWs) is investigated. The C60NWs were prepared by the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method (LLIP method). The length growth of C60NWs was investigated for various volume ratios between C60-saturated toluene solution and isopropyl alcohol. The length growth of C60NWs varied depending on the volume ratio. The optimum volume ratio in preparing C60NWs with a high uniformity was found to be 1:1. The water contained in isopropyl alcohol markedly influence the length growth of C60NWs. C60NWs did not form when isopropyl alcohol containing more than 2.5 mass % water was used.