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Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of [BMIm-SH][HSO4] and 5% Ru/C catalyst was used for the direct conversion of FAL to γ-valerolactone (GVL).

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ethyl acetate yields low environmental impacts and high antioxidant recovery yield and thus it can be considered as the best solution, both from the environmental and technical point of view.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the facile one-pot synthesis of self-organized W18O49 networks, which showed strong localized surface plasmon resonance and showed unexpected capability in photocatalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol to propylene.
Abstract: We report the facile one-pot synthesis of self-organized W18O49 networks. The W18O49 networks show strong localized surface plasmon resonance. Interestingly, the W18O49 networks show unexpected capability in photocatalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol to propylene depending on their defect structure caused by large quantities of oxygen vacancy.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of both the Nafion ionomer morphology in the catalyst layers and the FC performance of the GDEs on e and the solubility parameter δ of the alcohol (i.e., methanol and isopropyl alcohol)/water dispersion mixture was studied.

58 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a process design for the continuous recovery of lactic acid from fermentation broth by reactive distillation (esterification and hydrolysis with C 1 to C 4 alcohols) is developed and optimized to minimize cost.
Abstract: Process designs for the continuous recovery of lactic acid from fermentation broth by reactive distillation (esterification and hydrolysis with C1 to C4 alcohols) are developed and optimized to minimize cost. The best designs are qualitatively different for different alcohols because of the differing volatility ranking of reactants and products and the formation of a two-liquid phase zone in some cases. The results suggest that the methanol and butanol processes are the most attractive. The costs of these two processes are similar, and the ranking depends on the payback period. The ethanol and isopropyl alcohol processes are more expensive because an entrainer is required to break the alcohol/water azeotrope.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that all decontamination agents reduce antineoplastic contamination on work surfaces, but none removes it totally.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The handling of antineoplastic agents results in chronic surface contamination that must be minimized and eliminated. This study was designed to assess the potential of several chemical solutions to decontaminate two types of work surfaces that were intentionally contaminated with antineoplastic drugs. METHODS: A range of solutions with variable physicochemical properties such as their hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, oxidizing power, desorption, and solubilization were tested: ultrapure water, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, sodium hypochlorite, and surfactants such as dishwashing liquid (DWL), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween 40, and Span 80. These solutions were tested on 10 antineoplastic drugs: cytarabine, gemcitabine, methotrexate, etoposide phosphate, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, and vincristine. To simulate contaminated surfaces, these molecules (200ng) were deliberately spread onto two types of work surfaces: stainless steel and glass. Recovered by wiping with a specific aqueous solvent (acetonitrile/HCOOH; 20/0.1%) and an absorbent wipe (Whatman 903®), the residual contamination was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry. To compare all tested cleaning solutions, a performance value of effectiveness was determined from contamination residues of the 10 drugs. RESULTS: Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest overall effectiveness with 98% contamination removed. Ultrapure water, isopropyl alcohol/water, and acetone were less effective with effectiveness values of 76.8, 80.7, and 40.4%, respectively. Ultrapure water was effective on most hydrophilic molecules (97.1% for cytarabine), while on the other hand, isopropyl alcohol/water (70/30, vol/vol) was effective on the least hydrophilic ones (85.2% for doxorubicin and 87.8% for epirubicin). Acetone had little effect, whatever the type of molecule. Among products containing surfactants, DWL was found effective (91.5%), but its formulation was unknown. Formulations with single surfactant non-ionics (tween 40 and span 80) or anionic (SDS) were also tested. Finally, solutions containing 10(-2) M anionic surfactants and 20% isopropyl alcohol had the highest global effectiveness at around 90%. More precisely, their efficacy was the highest (94.8%) for the most hydrophilic compounds such as cytarabine and around 80.0% for anthracyclines. Finally, the addition of isopropyl alcohol to surfactant solutions enhanced their decontamination efficiency on the least hydrophilic molecules. Measured values from the stainless steel surface were similar to those from the glass one. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that all decontamination agents reduce antineoplastic contamination on work surfaces, but none removes it totally. Although very effective, sodium hypochlorite cannot be used routinely on stainless steel surfaces. Solutions containing anionic surfactant such as SDS, with a high efficiency/safety ratio, proved most promising in terms of surface decontamination.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient and simple deuteration method of arenes using the platinum on carbon-isopropyl alcohol-cyclohexane-deuterium oxide combination under hydrogen gas-free conditions was accomplished.
Abstract: An efficient and simple deuteration method of arenes using the platinum on carbon-isopropyl alcohol-cyclohexane-deuterium oxide combination under hydrogen gas-free conditions was accomplished. Since the hydrogen–deuterium exchange reaction cannot be promoted without isopropyl alcohol, zerovalent platinum metal (on carbon) is self-activated by the in situ-generated very low amount of hydrogen or hydrogen–deuterium gas derived from isopropyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol-d1. Deuterium-labeled compounds with high deuterium contents can be easily isolated by the filtration of platinum on carbon and simple extraction. The present hydrogen gas-free method is safe from the viewpoint of process chemistry and various arenes possessing a variety of reducible functionalities within the molecule could be effectively and directly deuterium-labeled without undesired reduction.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2013-Scanning
TL;DR: It was concluded that amyl acetate and acetone may be good options for cleaning the pulp chamber after obturation with AH Plus, and performed better than 95% ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, but not better than acetone.
Abstract: The presence of residual endodontic sealer in the pulp chamber may cause discoloration of the dental crown and interfere with the adhesion of restorative materials. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different solvents in removing residues of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) from the dentin walls of the pulp chamber, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Forty-four bovine incisor dental crown fragments were treated with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl. Specimens received a coating of AH Plus and were left undisturbed for 5 min. Then, specimens were divided in four groups (n = 10) and cleaned with one of the following solutions: isopropyl alcohol, 95% ethanol, acetone solution, or amyl acetate solution. Negative controls (n = 2) did not receive AH Plus, while in positive controls (n = 2) the sealer was not removed. AH Plus removal was evaluated by SEM, and a score system was applied. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. None of the solutions tested was able to completely remove AH Plus from the dentin of the pulp chamber. Amyl acetate performed better than 95% ethanol and isopropyl alcohol (p 0.05) in removing the sealer from dentin. No significant differences were observed between acetone, 95% ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol (p > 0.05). It was concluded that amyl acetate and acetone may be good options for cleaning the pulp chamber after obturation with AH Plus.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is predicted that tuning of HILIC retention is possible over a wide range through the choice of the third solvent in a W/ACN-based ternary MP, whereby the largest retention values can be expected from W-immiscible solvents that fully remain in the bulk MP.
Abstract: An attractive yet hardly explored feature of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is the tuning of analyte retention through the addition of an alcohol to the water (W)–acetonitrile (ACN) mobile phase (MP). When retention times increase sharply between 10/90 and 5/95 (v/v) W/ACN, intermediate retention values are stepwise accessible with a ternary MP of 5/90/5 (v/v/v) W/ACN/alcohol by switching from methanol to ethanol to isopropyl alcohol. We investigate the physicochemical basis of this retention tuning by molecular dynamics simulations using a model of a 9 nm silica pore between two solvent reservoirs. Our simulations show that alcohol molecules insert themselves neatly into the retentive W-rich layer at the silica surface, without disrupting the layer’s structure or altering its essential properties. With the decreasing tendency of an alcohol (methanol > ethanol > isopropyl alcohol) to move toward the silica surface, the contrast between the W-rich layer and the bulk MP sharpens as th...

29 citations


Patent
22 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a micro-emulsion containing a cannabinol compound was described, which consisted of the following components in percentage by weight: (a), 0.01wt-30wt% of the compound, wherein the compound was selected from one or more of vegetable oil, fatty acid ethyl ester and fatty acid glyceride.
Abstract: The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutic preparations and in particular relates to micro-emulsion containing a cannabinol compound. The micro-emulsion comprises the following components in percentage by weight: (a), 0.01wt%-30wt% of the cannabinol compound; (b), 0.01wt%-30wt% of oil phase, wherein the oil phase is selected from one or more of vegetable oil, fatty acid ethyl ester, fatty acid isopropyl ester, fatty acid glyceride and fatty acid polyethylene glycol glyceride; (c), 0.01wt%-60wt% of surfactant, wherein the surfactant is selected from one or more of polyoxyethylene ether castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, poloxamer, fatty acid polyethylene glycol glyceride, polyoxyethylene dehrdrated sorbitol aliphatic ester and phospholipid; (d), 0.01wt%-40wt% of cosurfactant, wherein the cosurfactant is selected from one or more of alcohol, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl isosorbide, isopropenyl carbonate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran polyglycol ether and glycerol; and the balance being water or deionized water.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a homogeneous ω-transaminase sol-gel catalysts were obtained and characterized in terms of immobilization degree, loading capacity and catalytic behavior in the kinetic resolution of racemic 1-phenylethylamine with sodium pyruvate in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric constants of non-polar+polar binary liquid mixtures of toluene with alkanols (methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol) were measured using a microcontroller based system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel structured zeolite membrane reactor based on a Cu-Mn (1:6)/ZSM-5/PSSF catalyst was developed for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Abstract: A novel structured zeolite membrane reactor based on a Cu–Mn (1:6)/ZSM-5/PSSF catalyst was developed for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). First, the ZSM-5 membrane/PSSF (paper-like sintered stainless steel fibers) composite was fabricated by the wet layup papermaking/sintering process and secondary growth process. The copper/manganese binary oxides modified ZSM-5 membrane catalyst was synthesized by an incipient wetness impregnation method. Catalytic combustion of VOCs in single and binary components was investigated over these structured zeolite membrane reactors using different gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) (3822–11466 h–1). Results showed that the complete destruction of isopropyl alcohol or ethyl acetate in a single component can be achieved below the temperature of 300 °C. The study exhibited that the presence of toluene in the binary mixture had a slight effect on the conversion of isopropyl alcohol or ethyl acetate. Isopropyl alcohol and ethyl acetate were found to be m...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study on the synthesis of CMC from water hyacinth has been reported with a maximum degree of substitution (DS) of 0.72 with isopropyl alcohol as solvent.
Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers, as raw material for disposable material, will cause environmental problems. One of the organic materials that used for superabsorbent is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Water hyacinth, which has a relatively high cellulose content, is potentially used as non-wood cellulose resources. Study on the synthesis of CMC from water hyacinth has been reported with a maximum degree of substitution (DS) of 0.72 with isopropyl alcohol as solvent. There are opportunities to find the best solvent in order to obtain CMC from water hyacinth with higher DS. Isobutyl alcohol, which has lower polarity than isopropyl alcohol, is a potential solvent. By mixing isobutyl alcohol with other solvent which has good ability to swell the cellulose it is expected to reduce the effects of steric hindrance on the isobutyl alcohol, the polarity of the solvent mixture is lower than isopropyl alcohol and water hyacinth-based CMC with a higher DS could be obtain. Synthesis of superabsorbent material from CMC with optimum DS will results in highest absorption capacity. With a broader range of DS value of CMC, the optimum DS is expected to be more easily determined. In addition, the water hyacinth-based CMC with a higher DS are expected to be more valuable.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, several SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids were used as the acid catalyst for the isopropylation of m-cresol with alcohol.
Abstract: Several SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids were used as the acid catalyst for the isopropylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol. The results indicated that the sequence of the catalytic activity was in good agreement with the acidity order. A 77.7% conversion of m-cresol and 48.7% selectivity for 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol were observed in the presence of [TMBSA][HSO4] (TMBSA = N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium-N-butanesulfonic acid). The catalysts could be recovered by extraction and reused, and after eight times of recycling, a loss of catalytic activity was not evident.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of five antifungal agents (Sanimaster, hydrogen peroxide, isopropyl alcohol, bleach, and Sporicidin) used in fungal remediation practices on the growth and spore germinat
Abstract: We investigated the effect of five antifungal agents (Sanimaster, hydrogen peroxide, isopropyl alcohol, bleach, and Sporicidin) used in fungal remediation practices on the growth and spore germinat...

Patent
08 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of improving luminous efficiency of a rare earth-doped up-conversion luminescence nanometer material through changing the usage of a ligand was proposed.
Abstract: The invention provides a method of improving luminous efficiency of a rare earth-doped up-conversion luminescence nanometer material through changing the usage of a ligand. According to the method, the synthesis adopts a hydrothermal-solvothermal method, an organic ligand is an organic compound such as monocarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid, and amine, the molar ratio of rare earth ions to the ligand is 2:1-1:100, the molar ratio of NaOH to the ligand is 0:1-1:1, water/alcohol, water/n-propanol alcohol, water/isopropyl alcohol, water/n-butyl alcohol, water/acetone or water/ethylene glycol is used as a solvent, the temperature ranges from 180-240 DEG C, the reaction time is 2-24h, and the F /Re value ranges from 4-12. With the method, the problems of selecting various ligands for synthesizing the up-conversion luminescence nanometer material, improving the luminous efficiency of the rare earth-doped up-conversion luminescence nanometer material, synthesizing the water-soluble up-conversion luminescence nanometer material, and the like can be mainly solved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of temperature and applied pressure on the permeate flux and oil rejection were also studied with membranes using multistage filtration, and significant reduction of free fatty acids (FFAs) was observed, which was in proportional with the amount of solvent in the feed used.
Abstract: Ultrafiltration (UF) of coconut oil was carried out using a Millipore membrane cell at different pressures (0.1–0.4 MPa) and with different molecular weight cutoff membranes, that is,YM-1 (1 kDa), YM-3 (3 kDa), YM-10 (10 kDa), YM-30 (30 kDa), and PLTK-30 (30 kDa). Reduction of free fatty acids (FFAs) was 93.6%, 92.7%, 83.5%, 82.6%, and 81.6% with ethanol, methanol, acetone, n-propanol, and isopropyl alcohol, respectively, in three-stage filtration. The effects of temperature and applied pressure on the permeate flux and oil rejection were also studied with membranes using multistage filtration. As pressure increased from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa, the permeate flux and oil rejection increased linearly. A significant reduction of FFA was observed, which is in proportional with the amount of solvent in the feed used. The oil loss was less at lower temperature (25 °C) and pressure (0.2 MPa). Using PLTK 30 membrane with three-stage filtration, reduction of FFA was achieved up to 93% and 94% with methanol and ethanol solvents, respectively.

Patent
27 Mar 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for detecting 21 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a tobacco packing box is presented. But the method is not suitable for the detection of carcinogenic compounds.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco packing box, and in particular relates to a method for detecting contents of 21 volatile organic compounds (VOC), including benzene, methyl benzene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, styrene, methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, methyl acetate, normal propyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, butanone, acetic acid isopropyl ester, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, n-propyl acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, butyl acetate, cyclohexanone in a tobacco packing box. The method for detecting 21 volatile organic compounds in the tobacco packing box disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: sample pretreatment: preparing a piece of hard box packing paper; cutting and reserving a main packing surface by an area of 22.0cm*5.5cm; rolling the printing surface of the sample inwards to obtain a barrel-shaped part; putting the barrel-shaped part in a headspace bottle; adding 1000mu l of glycerol triacetate; sealing, and implementing a headspace-gas chromatography detection. The method disclosed by the invention is high in sensitivity, high in recovery rate, and excellent in precision of detecting result.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the agglomeration properties of nano-particulated iron oxides and hydroxides precipitated from isopropyl alcohol-water solutions differ from those obtained by precipitation from aqueous solution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of propylene oxidation to propylene oxide in the presence of a titanium-containing zeolite in an isopropyl alcohol medium is reported.
Abstract: The kinetics of propylene oxidation to propylene oxide in the presence of a titanium-containing zeolite in an isopropyl alcohol medium is reported. The influence of the concentrations of the starting substances and reaction products and temperature on the rate of the process is considered. A mathematical model has been derived from the experimental data obtained. The rate constants, adsorption equilibrium constants, and activation energies of the reactions have been calculated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the peroxide products of ozonolysis of various olefins with different degrees of substitution were shown to be efficient as reducing agents toward peroxide.
Abstract: Hydroxylamine and semicarbazide hydrochlorides were shown to be efficient as reducing agents toward peroxide products of ozonolysis of various olefins with different degrees of substitution. The rate of the transformations aldehyde → aldehyde oxime → nitrile → ester upon treatment of peroxides with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in isopropyl alcohol was lower than in methanol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the densities, viscosities and ultrasonic velocities of binary liquid mixtures of Isopropyl alcohol with acetophenone and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) have been measured at temperatures 298.15 and 308.15 K over the entire range of mole fraction.
Abstract: The densities, viscosities and ultrasonic velocities of binary liquid mixtures of Isopropyl alcohol with acetophenone and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) have been measured at temperatures 298.15 and 308.15 K over the entire range of mole fraction. From these data, acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free volume (Vf) and free length (Lf) have been estimated using the standard relations. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions present in the mixtures.

Patent
13 Feb 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a biological preparation method of (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate ethyl, which uses 4-chlorosinoyl carbonyl ethyl butyrate as a substrate and enables the substrate to be subjected to asymmetric reduction reaction in the presence of a biological catalyst, a cofactor and a hydrogen donor, was presented.
Abstract: The invention relates to a biological preparation method of (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate ethyl, which uses 4-chloro-3-carbonyl ethyl butyrate as a substrate and enables the substrate to be subjected to asymmetric reduction reaction in the presence of a biological catalyst, a cofactor and a hydrogen donor to produce the (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate ethyl, wherein the biological catalyst is recombinant ketone reductase and the hydrogen donor is isopropyl alcohol; the asymmetric reduction reaction is carried out in a hybrid system of aqueous buffer solution and toluene with pH of 7.0-9.0, and the volume ratio of the aqueous buffer solution to the toluene is 4-20:1. The method provided by the invention solves the problems of requirement of additional coenzyme system, too much added organic solvent, low efficiency of catalyst and high cost in the traditional biological preparation method. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction condition, high reaction efficiency and simple operation, and the concentration of the substrate can be increased to 40%, thus improving the preparation efficiency of (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate ethyl and reducing the reaction cost greatly.

Patent
07 Mar 2013
TL;DR: A fountain solution for offset printing is provided to make isopropyl alcohol not to be used to have a low VOC(Voltaic Organic Compound) figure, thereby preventing the generation of air pollution and a harmful work environment as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fountain solution for offset printing is provided to make isopropyl alcohol not to be used to have a low VOC(Voltaic Organic Compound) figure, thereby preventing the generation of air pollution and a harmful work environment. CONSTITUTION: A fountain solution for offset printing is composed of, in wt%: ethylene glycol 4, 2.8-3.2 of two-butoxyethanol, 5 of gum, 2.4-2.6 of buffer acid, 1.9-2.1 of ammonium nitrate, 0.45-0.55 of surfactant, 13 of propylene glycol, 20 of glycol ether, 48 of water and sodium, 1.9 of sodium hexametaphosphate. The gum includes at least one group selected from the group of Arabian gum, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum and xanthan gum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and efficient method to synthesize aromatic azos by hydrogen transfer using palladium(II) acetylacetonate as a catalyst and isopropyl alcohol as a hydrogen source was developed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solubilities of rutaecarpine in 12 organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, trichlorometric H 2 O 2 (THO 2 ) and ethoxyethane, butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol) were investigated in this article.
Abstract: The solubilities of rutaecarpine in 12 organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, trichloromethane, ethoxyethane, butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, cy...

Patent
02 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a DNA fragment mixture with a molecular weight of 3,000-10,000 kDa separated from fish testis is provided to increase lubrication and buffering effects of cartilage when injected in a joint due to high viscosity.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition for cartilage regeneration including a DNA fragment mixture separated from fish testis is provided to increase lubrication and buffering effects of cartilage when injected in a joint due to high viscosity by including a DNA fragment mixture with a molecular volume in a specific range. CONSTITUTION: A composition for cartilage regeneration comprises a DNA fragment mixture with a molecular weight of 3,000-10,000 kDa separated from fish testis. A fish is a fish of a salmon family. A manufacturing method of the composition for cartilage regeneration comprises a step of obtaining fraction liquid of the DNA fragment mixture with a molecular weight of 3,000-10,000 kDa from a gel filtration filter liquor; a step of precipitating the DNA fragment mixture by stirring after adding isopropyl alcohol or ethanol to filter liquor; and a step of dehydrating and drying the DNA fragment mixture after washing the same with an ethanol water solution or isopropyl alcohol. [Reference numerals] (AA) (First process) Step of defrosting fish testis and removing blood and foreign materials; (BB) (Second process) Step of putting refined water into the defrosted fish testis, pulverizing, and manufacturing testis pulverized liquid; (CC) (Third process) Step of mixing the testis pulverized liquid of the second process and a sodium chloride aqueous solution, reacting while stirring, and cooling; (DD) (Fourth process) Step of adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the cooled reactant liquid of the third process, adjusting into pH 10-12, stirring, filtering, and obtaining filtered liquid; (EE) (Fifth process) Step of adding hydrochloric acid into the filtered liquid of the fourth process to be pH 6.5-8.5, reacting, cooling, filtering, and obtaining filtered liquid containing a DNA fragment mixture; (FF) (Sixth process) Step of gel filtering the filtered liquid of the fifth process and obtaining fraction liquid of the DNA fragment mixture of 3,000-10,000kDA molecular weight; (GG) (Seventh process) Step of adding isopropyl alcohol or ethanol into the filtered liquid of the sixth process, stirring, and precipitating a DNA fragment mixture; (HH) (Eighth process) Step of washing the DNA fragment mixture of the seventh process with an ethanol aqueous solution or isopropyl alcohol, dehydrating, and drying

Patent
02 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a ceramic coating agent is provided to secure the air permeable characteristic, and to have an excellent impact resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, electrical performance, environment friendliness, plastering properties, economical efficiency and practicality.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A ceramic coating agent is provided to secure the air permeable characteristic, and to have an excellent impact resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, electrical performance, environment friendliness, plastering properties, economical efficiency and practicality. CONSTITUTION: A ceramic coating agent is composed by mixing a first solution and a second solution. The first solution includes an alcoholic material as a solvent, water-dispersed colloidal silica sol including solid powder, a methylcellulose or propyl cellulose material as an acid catalyst thickener, distilled water or ion exchange water. The second solution includes at least one silane compound as a bonding material, and an alcoholic material as a solvent. The alcoholic material is at least one selected from methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol. [Reference numerals] (A) Ceramic coating layer; (B) Chemical bonding layer

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Lipozyme 435) was used for the esterification of ricinoleic acid and isopropyl alcohol and it was found that above 80% esterization was observed for over three cycles.
Abstract: Increased environmental awareness is slowly driving the industry to develop alternatives to chemical routes for synthesis. Lipase catalysed synthesis is one such alternative route that is environmentally more acceptable. In this study, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Lipozyme 435) was used for the esterification of ricinoleic acid and isopropyl alcohol. Molecular sieves were used to remove the water formed during esterification to drive the reaction in forward direction. The optimal conditions observed were 40°C temperature, 4% enzyme concentration, 1:1 acid: alcohol ratio and 4 hours time interval. Under the described conditions, the reusability of lipase was tested and it was found that above 80% esterification was observed for over three cycles.