Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of molybdenum(VI)-based compounds, in particular the cheap and commercially available (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, as catalysts for the deoxydehydration of vicinal diols in isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH), which serves as both the solvent and reductant.
Abstract: Chemical processes capable of reducing the high oxygen content of biomass-derived polyols are in demand in order to produce renewable substitutes for chemicals of fossil origin. Deoxydehydration (DODH) is an attractive reaction that in a single step transforms a vicinal diol into an alkene, but the reaction requires a homogeneous catalyst, a reductant, and a solvent, which are typically expensive, unsustainable, or inefficient. Herein, we present the use of molybdenum(VI)-based compounds, in particular the cheap and commercially available (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, as catalysts for the DODH of vicinal diols in isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH), which serves as both the solvent and reductant. The reaction proceeds at 240–250 °C in a pressurized autoclave, and the alkene yield from simple aliphatic diols can be as high as 77%. The major byproducts are carbonyl compounds—formed by dehydration of the diol—and the alcohols formed by transfer hydrogenation of the carbonyl compounds; the total yield of reduced species (i.e., al...
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and alcohol volume on microwave-assisted transesterification with ethanol and isopropanol were investigated, and results were compared with those with methanol.
45 citations
TL;DR: The slime-negative, chemical mutant strain of S. epidermidis increased biofilm formation after exposure to both alcohols, likely reverting back its primary phenotype through modulation of the intercellular adhesin repressor.
Abstract: Introduction
Alcohols, including ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, are used in clinical practice for disinfection and infection prevention. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that alcohols may enhance biofilm production in Staphylococci.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various reaction parameters was optimized to obtain a high yield of isopropyl myristate, including temperature, agitation speed, organic solvent, biocatalyst loading and batch operational stability.
28 citations
TL;DR: A gel-like system for the treatment of art has been prepared from partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), borax, and large fractions of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and acetone as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A versatile gel-like system for the treatment of art has been prepared from partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), borax, and large fractions of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and acetone. Variables such as the concentrations of the two gelating components, the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight of the polymer, and the type of liquid gelated were investigated to establish formulations of gels with physical and chemical properties that are best suited for specific applications. The gels were designed to have an elastic character that allows them to conform to the topography of complex surfaces and be removed with ease by being lifted from the surface. Results from fluorescence studies demonstrated that the solvent is constrained within the area of the gel, allowing for localized treatment. Polymer and boron residues were not detected after cleaning tests on acrylic and dammar test paint-outs, and on two oil paintings with degraded surface coatings. The efficacy of the clean...
28 citations
TL;DR: The current study revealed an environment friendly conversion of acetone to IPA on the basis of its fast, efficient, and highly economical method of utilization of microwave irradiation process and easy catalyst recovery.
Abstract: Magnetite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and effectively employed as heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogenation of ketone moiety to alcohol moiety by NaBH4 under the microwave radiation process. The improvement was achieved in percent recovery of isopropyl alcohol by varying and optimizing reaction time, power of microwave radiations and amount of catalyst. The catalytic study revealed that acetone would be converted into isopropyl alcohol (IPA) with 99.5% yield in short period of reaction time, using 10 μg of magnetite NPs (Fe3O4). It was observed that the catalytic hydrogenation reaction, followed second-order of reaction and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic mechanism, which elucidated that both reactants get adsorb onto the surface of silica coated magnetite nanocatalyst to react. Consequently, the rate-determining step was the surface reaction of acetone and sodium borohydride. The current study revealed an environment friendly conversion of acetone to IPA on the basis of its fast, efficient, and highly economical method of utilization of microwave irradiation process and easy catalyst recovery.
26 citations
TL;DR: Saputra et al. as mentioned in this paper used a mixture of isobutyl-isopropyl alcohol as a solvent for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) production.
Abstract: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant that is considered as a weed that can damage ecosystems. In order to increase the added value of water hyacinth, this plant is used as one of the alternative sources in producing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) since it has high cellulose content. The stages of CMC production include alkylation, carboxymethylation, neutralization, purification and drying. The first two stages were performed by reacting cellulose fibers with NaOH and sodium monochloroacetat (ClCH2COONa) in a solvent medium. The mixture of isobutyl-isopropyl alcohol was used as solvent in this research. Then, the neutralization process is conducted by using acetic acid, purified with 96% ethanol, and drying stage by heating in an oven at temperature of 60 C. Variations of variables in this research include the concentration of NaOH of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 35%, and the ratio of composition isobutyl-isopropyl alcohol 1572 Asep Handaya Saputra et al. solvent at 20 ml:80 ml, 50 ml:50 ml, and 80 ml:20 ml. Carboxymethylation reaction temperature was set at 55 C. CMC produced were characterized by measuring the value of (Degree of Subtitution) DS, purity and functional group analysis using FTIR. Based on the results, the CMC with the highest DS value is achieved at the condition of mixed composition isobutyl-isopropyl alcohol 20 ml: 80 ml and the concentration of NaOH at 10%.
17 citations
Patent•
01 Jul 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by carrying out catalytic hydrodeoxygenation on lignin is described, which has the advantages that reproducible natural biomass can be used as a raw material, and the raw material is cheap and available; the water is taken as the solvent, so that a reaction process is environment-friendly; and content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the product is high, and reaction conditions are mild.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by carrying out catalytic hydrodeoxygenation on lignin. A catalyst used in the method provided by the invention comprises two active components, namely an acid site being one or combination of more than one of transition metal elements niobium, tantalum, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium and a hydrogenation or hydrogen transfer active site being one or more than one of ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. According to the method provided by the invention, a phenol group, a guaiacol group, a syringa phenolic group compound, natural lignin and industrial lignin are taken as raw materials, water is taken as a solvent, high selectivity catalytic hydrodeoxygenation is carried out at the temperature of 180-350 DEG C and hydrogen pressure of 0.1-5MPa or with methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and formic acid as hydrogen sources, so that C6-C9 aromatic hydrocarbon is obtained, the highest mass yield of aromatic hydrocarbon is 10%, and content of aromatic hydrocarbon in product oil can be up to more than 75%. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that reproducible natural biomass can be used as a raw material, and the raw material is cheap and available; the water is taken as the solvent, so that a reaction process is environment-friendly; and content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the product is high, and reaction conditions are mild.
14 citations
TL;DR: Neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution was performed on aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol and isopropylamine to find significant differences in the hydration of the hydroxyl and amino groups.
Abstract: Neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution was performed on aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol and isopropylamine. The difference between these two measurements primarily contains information about the different hydration of the alcohol and amino group. This data is used as a test of the accuracy of molecular dynamic simulations of the same systems. Having established the level of accuracy of the modeling, it is employed as an interpretive tool for the experimental data. Even though the alcohol and the amine possess comparable hydrogen bonding capabilities, consisting respectively of either two hydrogen bond acceptors and one donor, or two hydrogen bond donors and one acceptor, we find significant differences in the hydration of the hydroxyl and amino groups.
13 citations
TL;DR: The solubility of 2S-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid in pure alcohols and aqueous alcohols was measured by a dynamic method via a laser monitoring technique as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The solubility of (2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid in pure alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and butan-1-ol) and the aqueous alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol) mixtures was measured by a dynamic method via a laser monitoring technique. The solubility in the pure alcohols follows the order methanol > ethanol > butan-1-ol > isopropyl alcohol. In the binary mixtures, the solubility decreases with the increase of alcohol concentration. The experimental solubility was fitted by the modified Apelblat equation, combined nearly ideal binary solvent/Redlich–Kister (CNIBS/R-K) model, and Van’t Hoff equation. The dissolution is endothermic and the dissolution driving force converts from enthalpy-driven to entropy-driven.
13 citations
Patent•
16 Apr 2015
TL;DR: A polyamideimide and polyamide amic acid resin polymer that allows for reduced levels of toxicity in manufacturing is presented in this article, where a coating composition comprises at least one polyamide-imide resin, at least an aprotic dialkylamide solvent and at least a co-solvent.
Abstract: A polyamideimide and polyamide amic acid resin polymer that allows for reduced levels of toxicity in manufacturing. In an embodiment, a coating composition comprises at least one polyamideimide resin, at least one aprotic dialkylamide solvent and at least one co-solvent. In another embodiment, the at least one co-solvent is selected from a group consisting of methyl actetate, n-propyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-propyl lactate, isopropyl lactate, n-butyl lactate, isobutyl lactate, t-butyl lactate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, n-butyl acetate, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-acetyl morpholine, ?-caprolactone and methylcyclohexane.
TL;DR: In this paper, eight new 3-alkyl(aryl)-4]-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1 H -1,2,4-triazol-5-one (4 ) compounds were synthesized by the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)4amino with 4-(4-methylbenzoxy)benzaldehyde (1 ).
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the swelling behavior of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVC) and poly(VC-co-IA) gels in different solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), chloroform, toluene, acetone) and in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol/chloroform), and found that the presence of water in the synthesis medium significantly affected the equilibrium swelling value (ESV) and the swelling tendency of gels.
Abstract: Swelling behaviour of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVC) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic acid) (P(VC-co-IA)) gels was investigated in different solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), chloroform, toluene, acetone) and in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol/chloroform, ethanol/methanol, IPA/chloroform, ethanol/water, IPA/water). Gels were synthesised in ethanol by the free radical cross-linking polymerisation method at 60°C for 24 h in the presence of azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) and allyl methacrylate as the initiator and cross-linker, respectively. And also, ethanol/distilled water mixture (ϕr = 4:1) was used as the synthesis medium to determine its effect on the swelling of gels. It was found that the presence of water in the synthesis medium significantly affected the equilibrium swelling value (ESV) and the swelling tendency of gels both in solvents and in solvent mixtures. All gels synthesised in ethanol showed the highest swelling in chloroform. The gels synthesised in the ethanol/water mixture displayed different swelling behaviour. In this case, while chloroform was still valid for maximum swelling of PVC, P(VC-co-IA) had the highest swelling in methanol. Solubility parameters of gels were predicted by the van Krevelen-Hoftyzer (VKH) and Hoy methods (group contribution methods) and theoretical calculations verified the experimental swelling order.
TL;DR: The safety of SwabCap alcohol impregnated disinfection caps was questioned in this unit because of malfunctions in luer access valves and were associated with alcohol injected into the lines.
Abstract: Aim
The safety of SwabCap alcohol impregnated disinfection caps was questioned in our unit because of malfunctions in luer access valves. We examined whether SwabCaps affected the integrity of two luer access valves and were associated with alcohol injected into the lines.
Methods
Our bench test study included seven circuits using SmartSite or CARESITE valves exposed to two environmental temperatures. Passive circuits consisted of a 96-hour contact system using SwabCap without other interventions. Active circuits consisted of nine sham injections during a 24-hour period, with the SwabCap replaced after each injection. The active control circuit used isopropyl alcohol impregnated pads to disinfect valves. Isopropyl alcohol was measured at the extremity of all active circuits by gas chromatography.
Results
The visual appearance of all SmartSite valves and 67% of the CARESITE valves was changed by SwabCap use. The mean isopropyl alcohol dosages were 52 mmol/L in the SmartSite and 8 mmol/L in the CARESITE at room temperature and 73 and 7 mmol/L, respectively, at 35°C. No alcohol was found in the control circuit.
Conclusion
The SwabCap altered the valves' appearance and allowed significant amounts of isopropyl alcohol to be injected. It should not be used for neonates without further research.
TL;DR: In this article, an immobilized lipase-catalyzed production of isopropyl myristate by esterification of myristic acid with isopsropyl alcohol (molar ratio of 1:15) in the homogenous reaction medium was performed on a bench-scale packed bed reactors, in order to obtain suitable reaction performance data for upscaling.
Patent•
30 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this article, an oligomeric betanine type foam drainage agent for foam drainage gas recovery in the later period of oil and gas well development and a preparation method was described, which can improve the foaming performance and stability of a foaming agent in electrolytes and hydrocarbons.
Abstract: The invention relates to an oligomeric betanine type foam drainage agent for foam drainage gas recovery in the later period of oil and gas well development and a preparation method. The agent can improve the foaming performance and stability of a foaming agent in electrolytes and hydrocarbons. The technical scheme is as follows: the chemical name of the foam drainage agent is N,N,N''-alkyl sodium diethyletriaminepentaacetate named NDDTP; firstly, sodium hydroxide and an isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution are added to a three-neck bottle, and the solution is stirred for dissolution; then diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid is added, the mixture reacts at the temperature of 65-75 DEG C for 15 min, and an intermediate product,namely, sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, is obtained; then a bromoalkanol solution is added to the intermediate product solution while stirring, and the mixture reacts at the temperature of 75-85 DEG C for 6-8 h; finally, a coarse product is obtained through distillation of a reaction liquid, and a solid product is obtained through desalinzation with ethanol and recrystallization with acetone. A foam drainage solution is prepared through compound of the foam drainage agent and ethylene glycol, has good foaming performance and foam stability and is used for increasing gas recovery ratio.
Patent•
22 Apr 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, an environment-friendly organic-inorganic hybrid aluminum alloy primer which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of tetraethoxysilane, 35- 45% of ethanol, 3-5% of isopropyl alcohol, 8-10% of n-butyl alcohol and 2-3% of distilled water, 0.4-0.6% of hydrochloric acid.
Abstract: The invention discloses an environment-friendly organic-inorganic hybrid aluminum alloy primer which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of tetraethoxysilane, 35-45% of ethanol, 3-5% of isopropyl alcohol, 8-10% of n-butyl alcohol, 2-3% of distilled water, 0.4-0.6% of hydrochloric acid, 0.5-1.0% of a silane coupling agent, 0.2-0.8% of triethylamine and 1-2% of polyvinyl butyral. The environment-friendly organic-inorganic hybrid aluminum alloy primer disclosed by the invention has good environmental protection performance; and without heavy metal pigments and benzene solvents such as lead and chromium causing huge harm to people and environment, the final paint composition and coating are composition and coating without chromium, lead and benzene paint and do not cause harm to the operating personnel and environment.
TL;DR: In this article, the suitability of three solvents (hexane, isopropyl alcohol and Petroleum Ether) in the extraction of moringa seeds from northern (sample 1) and southern (sample 2) parts of Nigeria was investigated.
Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a versatile plant and has wide applicability. Two critical factors
that make the oil more readily available for use are its ease of processing techniques
and production rate. Solvent extraction using various solvents is common and is
usually more efficient than mechanical presses. Hence investigating the suitability
of three solvents-hexane, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and Petroleum Ether (PE) in the
extraction of moringa seeds from northern (sample 1) and southern (sample 2) parts
of Nigeria was carried out using a soxhlet extractor between 2 and 12 h. The
percentage yield of oil from the two samples was found to be dependent on the
solvent used, the residence time and the source of the seed sample. Petroleum ether
gave the highest yield of 49.38 and 37.57%, next was hexane with 44.94 and
34.71% while isopropyl alcohol gave 36.39 and 28.43%, for samples 1 and 2,
respectively. For all solvents, sample 1 produced higher oil yield. The percentage
oil yield increased with time reaching an optimum at between 8-10 h. From
chromatographic analysis, besides other trace components, the predominant fatty
acids present in the Moringa oleifera oil include oleic, stearic, palmitic, linoleic and
palmitoleic acids. The overall composition of the oil indicated higher levels of
unsaturated than saturated acids with oleic acid having the highest percentage
composition of 68.8% in all the extracted oil samples. The results obtained from
this investigation showed that the alternative solvents (IPA and PE) considered can
potentially substitute n-hexane in Moringa oilseed extraction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of chemical solutions on the dispersion of single-walled carbon nantubes (SWCNTs) was studied under ultrasonically process.
Abstract: The effect of chemical solutions on the dispersion of single-walled carbon nantubes (SWCNTs) was studied. The SWCNTs were dispersed using several chemical solutions such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), dichloromethane (DCM), acetone and triton X-100 (Triton-X) under ultrasonically process. The results show that the types of chemical solutions greatly affect the dispersion of SWCNTs. The IPA solution is found to be the best solution to disperse SWCNTs using ultrasonication process due to the difficultly of evaporation in room temperature to get a transparent solution.
TL;DR: In this article, an end-wise coupling with coniferyl alcohol in a mixture of organic solvents (isopropyl alcohol, dioxane, acetonitrile) and buffer with various ratios in the presence of horse radish peroxidase and H2O2 was presented.
Patent•
22 Apr 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a method for one-step hydration synthesis of terpilenol by catalyzing turpentine through carbon-based solid acid is described, and the conversion rate is up to 95-98 percent with a yield of 35-42 percent.
Abstract: The invention provides a method for one-step hydration synthesis of terpilenol by catalyzing turpentine through carbon-based solid acid. The method is characterized in that the turpentine is used as the raw material, isopropyl alcohol or butyl alcohol or isobutyl alcohol is used as the solvent, and the terpilenol is formed by means of one-step hydration synthesis through the turpentine under the catalytic action of a carbon-based solid acid catalyst. The carbon-based solid acid is prepared through a lignin gel method and has the advantages of developed micropores and mesopores, high catalytic activity, easy separation, good thermostability, repeatable utilization, easy regeneration, low preparation cost and the like; since the carbon-based solid acid is used for catalyzing the turpentine to form the terpilenol by means of one-step hydration synthesis, the conversion rate of the turpentine is up to 95-98 percent, and the yield of the terpilenol is 35-42 percent; besides, in the production process, no liquid waste acid or waste water is produced, pollution to the environment is greatly relieved, and the requirement for green chemistry is met.
Patent•
16 Apr 2015
TL;DR: Techniques and mechanisms to reduce toxicity in manufacturing of polyamideimide and polyamide amic acid resin polymer are discussed in this article, where at least one co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of methyl actetate, n-propyl acetate, t-butyl acyclic acid (TBA), methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and n-acetyl morpholine.
Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms to reduce toxicity in manufacturing of a polyamideimide and polyamide amic acid resin polymer. In an embodiment, a polyamideimide is produced using at least one aprotic dialkylamide solvent and at least one co-solvent. In another embodiment, the at least one co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of methyl actetate, n-propyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-propyl lactate, isopropyl lactate, n-butyl lactate, isobutyl lactate, t-butyl lactate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, n-butyl acetate, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-acetyl morpholine, e-caprolactone and methylcyclohexane.
TL;DR: In this paper, the solubility of tenoxicam (TNX) in various pure solvents, namely, water, ethyl alcohol, 1-butyl alcohol (1-Butyl alcohol), 2-Butanol (2.15·10−5), ethylene glycol (EG), ethyl acetate (EA), isopropyl alcohol(IPA), propylene glyco-col (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol (Trans
Abstract: The solubility data of drugs/pharmaceuticals in aqueous and organic solvents is important in pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, in this current study, the solubility of the practically insoluble drug tenoxicam (TNX) in various pure solvents, namely, water, ethyl alcohol, 1-butyl alcohol, 2-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol (EG), ethyl acetate (EA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol (Transcutol) was measured at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The measured solubilities of TNX were correlated well with calculated ones. The mole fraction solubility of crystalline TNX was found to be the highest in PEG-400 (9.76·10–3) followed by 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol (1.83·10–3), EA (6.79·10–4), EG (2.13·10–4), PG (1.94·10–4), 1-butyl alcohol (8.13·10–5), IPA (6.27·10–5), 2-butyl alcohol (6.15·10–5), ethyl alcohol (3.71·10–5), and water (4.11·10–6) at T = 298.15 K. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an endothermic and spontaneous ...
Patent•
06 May 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a method for detecting the contents of 22 kinds of volatile organic compounds in cigarette tipping paper printing ink, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho/meta/para-xylene, phenethylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the contents of 22 kinds of volatile organic compounds in cigarette tipping paper printing ink, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho/meta/para-xylene, phenethylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butanol, acetone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, butanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl alcohol and 1-ethoxy-2-propyl alcohol. Detection is performed by headspace gas chromatography by taking glyceryl triacetate as a matrix rectifier. According to the method provided by the invention, a sample pretreatment process is simple, the automation degree of the whole operation is high, the simultaneous detection of various volatile organic compounds can be realized, and the detection sensitivity, the recovery rate and the result precision are high.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermophysical properties of a few aqueous ethanol solutions are experimentally studied in a field sample, a pure mixture of ethanol and ethanol including additives are compared with reference data.
Abstract: Ground source heat pumps are commonly used in Sweden. The dominating method of exchanging heat with the ground is by circulation of a secondary fluid through borehole heat exchangers inserted into energy wells. Due to the environmental reasons and relatively good thermophysical properties, aqueous solutions of ethanol are recommended and are commonly used for the borehole heat exchanger application in Sweden and other Nordic countries. The primary idea of using these fluids is to decrease the freezing point of the fluid since many borehole loops in Northern Europe operate near or below the freezing point of water. The available ethanol based commercial products consist of ethyl alcohol with up to 10% of denaturing agents without any corrosion inhibitors. The main denaturing agents used to prevent from drinking are mixtures of isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone. These denaturing agents in commercial secondary fluids can influence the fluid’s thermophysical properties and thereby affect the pressure drop and heat transfer in the borehole heat exchanger. These not well defined effects of additives can cause uncertainties in the ground source heat pump design and operation. The thermophysical properties of a few aqueous ethanol solutions are experimentally studied in this paper including a field sample, a pure mixture of ethanol and ethanol including additives are compared with reference data. The density of 20 wt-% solution of ethanol including additives and the field sample were higher than pure 20 wt-% ethanol sample. The additives increased the specific heat capacity by 2.3% at -10 oC and 1% at 0 oC. A decrement by 10.5% in the dynamic viscosity was observed. Presence of additives increased the thermal conductivity values by around 1.5% at -8 oC and 4.3% at +40 oC. Some implications in terms of pressure drop and fluid to pipe thermal resistance are observed when these properties are applied in borehole heat exchangers, as the occurrence for laminar or turbulent varies at given temperature levels. An alternative would be to replace the denaturing agents with corrosion inhibitors to decrease the concentration of additives, improve corrosion protection of the systems and still fulfill the market recommendations.
Patent•
11 Mar 2015
TL;DR: A glass cleaning agent which comprises components in parts by mass as follows: 20-25 parts of ethyl alcohol, 1-2 parts of sodium gluconate, 2-4 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 0.4-0.6 parts of Fatty acyl diethanol amine (FAHA), 0.3 parts of Sodium bicarbonate (SBS), 0 2-5 parts of distilled water as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The invention provides a glass cleaning agent which comprises components in parts by mass as follows: 20-25 parts of ethyl alcohol, 1-2 parts of sodium gluconate, 2-4 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 0.2-0.4 parts of isopropyl alcohol, 0.4-0.6 parts of fatty acyl diethanol amine, 0.1-0.3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 0.4-0.6 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.2-0.4 parts of sodium citrate and 20-25 parts of distilled water. The invention further provides a preparation method of the glass cleaning agent. All that is required is to spray the glass cleaning agent onto glass and then wipe the glass with dry cleaning cloth, and the consumed time is short; the surface of the glass can be well cleaned, the cleaning effect is good, scratches can be avoided, and the glass cannot be roughened; the glass cleaning agent is free of foreign smells and can keep the air fresh.
01 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a functionalized nano-porous silicon (PS) was used for detecting acetone in the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and moisture.
Abstract: This paper reports selective acetone sensing portrayed by functionalized nano-porous silicon (PS). Functionalization of nanostructure was performed using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). Nano-PS fabrication and morphology analysis were done using electrochemical etching and SEM respectively. Optical properties of PS were analyzed using Raman and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Parallel aluminium electrodes were formed on nano-PS surface using thermal evaporation technique. These electrodes were used for recording electrical measurements from porous surface in presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and moisture. Resistance variations due to interaction of sensing surface with different concentrations of ethanol, acetone, moisture and isopropyl alcohol vapors were monitored at room temperature. Various sensor parameters were calculated like sensitivity, response- and recovery-time. Sensor based on functionalized nano-PS was found to be most responsive for acetone in comparison to other VOCs or moisture. Since, acetone is one of the important metabolite components in the circulated blood of the human body therefore, its concentration determination is necessary. The approach for selective sensing presented in this work is simple and low cost.
Patent•
23 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a preparation method of a copper-based noble metal catalyst is presented, where the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing a copper nano wire and a mixed solvent to obtain copper-nano wire dispersion liquid; preparing a noble metal precursor solution; heating and refluxing the copper-nanoprocessor liquid; and then performing replacement reaction on the copper nano-wire liquid and the noble metal precursors to obtain the copper based noble metal solution.
Abstract: The invention provides a preparation method of a copper-based noble metal catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a copper-nano wire and a mixed solvent to obtain copper-nano wire dispersion liquid; preparing a noble metal precursor solution; heating and refluxing the copper-nano wire dispersion liquid, and then performing replacement reaction on the copper-nano wire dispersion liquid and the noble metal precursor solution to obtain the copper-based noble metal catalyst, wherein the mixed solvent comprises a good solvent and a poor solvent, the good solvent is selected from one or both of methylbenzene and trichloromethane, and the poor solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, normal hexane, cyclohexane, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and acetone. In the preparation process of the copper-based noble metal catalyst, by selecting the proper good solvent and the proper poor solvent, the reaction rate and the product appearance are regulated favorably, so that a one-dimensional nano-structure catalyst with the self-supporting characteristic is prepared, and the copper-based noble metal catalyst has excellent electrochemical activity and catalytic stability.
Patent•
27 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for detecting residual organic solvents in dapoxetine, and particularly for simultaneously detecting residual methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran, was presented.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting residual organic solvents in dapoxetine, and particularly a method for simultaneously detecting residual methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran in dapoxetine by adopting gas chromatography. The residual quantity of 7 organic solvents in the dapoxetine are simultaneously detected by adopting an external standard method, wherein chromatographic conditions are as follows: a chromatographic column is agilent DB-1301 (30m*0.32 mm*0.25 microns), the column temperature is 180 DEG C, the temperature of an injection opening is 200 DEG C, the detection temperature is 250 DEG C, carrier gas is N2, the split ratio is 10 to 1, a headspace injection method is adopted, the balance time is 30 minutes and the balance temperature is 80 DEG C. The contents of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran in the dapoxetine are simultaneously detected by adopting the gas chromatographic method, the sensitivity is high, the repeatability is good, and the accuracy is high. The method provided by the invention is suitable for detecting the 7 residual organic solvents in the dapoxetine.
Patent•
09 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for synthesizing a nano-silver/reduction graphene composite material through electron beam irradiation is described, in which a polyethylene glycol PEG1500 solution is prepared, graphene oxide is added, and a graphene oxide mixed solution is obtained; the mixed solution was placed in a sealed container, nitrogen is led into the container, and nitrogen gas saturation is achieved.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a nano-silver/reduction graphene composite material through electron beam irradiation. The method comprises the steps of a, a polyethylene glycol PEG1500 solution is prepared, graphene oxide is added, and a graphene oxide mixed solution is obtained; b, a silver nitrate solution is prepared, ammonium hydroxide is added, and Ag(NH3)2OH solution is obtained; c, the graphene oxide mixed solution is mixed with the Ag(NH3)2OH solution according to the volume ratio, then, isopropyl alcohol is added, then the graphene oxide mixed solution, the Ag(NH3)2OH solution and the isopropyl alcohol are placed in a magnetic stirring apparatus to be stirred and fully mixed; d, the mixed solution is placed in a sealed container, nitrogen is led into the container, and nitrogen gas saturation is achieved; e, the prepared mixed solution is placed in an electron beam generated by an electronic accelerator to be irradiated; f, ethyl alcohol is used for washing an irradiation reaction product, cleaning is carried out through distilled water, and high-speed centrifugal separation is carried out to obtain a separated product; g, the separated product is placed in a vacuum drying box to be dried, and after drying, the nano-silver/reduction graphene composite material is obtained. According to the method, the steps are simple, consumed time is short, the reduction efficiency is high, the reaction condition is mild, and the cost is low; a reducing reagent is not included in the method, and the method is friendly to the environment.