Isopropyl alcohol

About: Isopropyl alcohol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3064 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27354 citations. The topic is also known as: Rubbing Alcohol & Propan-2-ol.

Stimulation of Gastric Acid Secretion by Irrigation of the Antrum with Some Aliphatic Alcohols1

Abstract: Ethyl alcohol is known to stimulate gastric acid secretion in fundic pouch dogs during irrigation of the antrum. A comparison was made with regard to such an effect of a series of aliphatic alcohols including methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl alcohol. Dogs provided with a Heidenhain or a Pavlov pouch and isolated, innervated antral pouch were used. The only alcohol besides ethanol that showed a potent stimulatory effect was n-propyl alcohol. All other alcohols tested had an effect less than half of that of ethanol. A change from one stimulatory alcohol to the corresponding isocompound caused a marked decrease of the effect. Isopropyl alcohol, one of the “non-stimulatory” aliphatic alcohols, did neither show a synergistic nor an inhibitory action on the effect of ethyl alcohol or n-propyl alcohol during simultaneous administration, indicating almost no interference with gastrin release mechanisms. n-Propyl alcohol together with ethyl alcohol showed a dose-response related action. Methyl alcohol was almost inactive. The results indicate that the stimulatory effect of alcohols could not be related to water or fat solubility but to the molecular configuration.

Raman Spectroscopic Measurement of Oxidation in Supercritical Water. 2. Conversion of Isopropyl Alcohol to Acetone

Abstract: The oxidation of isopropyl alcohol in supercritical water has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy. Results for species concentration as a function of residence-time are presented for temperatures ranging from 400 to 480 °C at constant pressure, 24.4 ± 0.3 MPa, and constant equivalence ratio, 0.88 ± 0.02. Acetone has been identified as the principal intermediate formed and subsequently destroyed, during the oxidation process. By assuming first-order kinetics for the destruction of both isopropyl alcohol and acetone, effective first-order rate constants have been determined from fits of the experimental data. Assuming Arrhenius behavior, the fits yield rate constants for isopropyl alcohol, keff,ipa = 3.255 × 1022(s-1) exp[−301.1(kJ·mol-1)/RT], and for acetone, keff,ace = 1.948 × 1010(s-1) exp[−137.7(kJ·mol-1)/RT]. These results indicate that for temperatures greater than 425 °C, the destruction of isopropyl alcohol proceeds faster than that of acetone.

Reduction of acetone to isopropanol using producer gas fermenting microbes.

Abstract: Gasification-fermentation is an emerging technology for the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into biofuels and specialty chemicals. For effective utilization of producer gas by fermenting bacteria, tar compounds produced in the gasification process are often removed by wet scrubbing techniques using acetone. In a preliminary study using biomass generated producer gas scrubbed with acetone, an accumulation of acetone and subsequent isopropanol production was observed. The effect of 2 g/L acetone concentrations in the fermentation media on growth and product distributions was studied with “Clostridium ragsdalei,” also known as Clostridium strain P11 or P11, and Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 or P7. The reduction of acetone to isopropanol was possible with “C. ragsdalei,” but not with P7. In P11 this reaction occurred rapidly when acetone was added in the acidogenic phase, but was 2.5 times slower when added in the solventogenic phase. Acetone at concentrations of 2 g/L did not affect the growth of P7, but ethanol increased by 41% and acetic acid concentrations decreased by 79%. In the fermentations using P11, growth was unaffected and ethanol concentrations increased by 55% when acetone was added in the acidogenic phase. Acetic acid concentrations increased by 19% in both the treatments where acetone was added. Our observations indicate that P11 has a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase that enables it to reduce acetone to isopropanol, while P7 lacks this enzyme. P11 offers an opportunity for biological production of isopropanol from acetone reduction in the presence of gaseous substrates (CO, CO2, and H2). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2330–2338. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.