Isopropyl alcohol

About: Isopropyl alcohol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3064 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27354 citations. The topic is also known as: Rubbing Alcohol & Propan-2-ol.

Flash desolventizing defatted soybean meals washed with aqueous alcohols to yield a high-protein product

Abstract: A vapor-type desolventizer was developed previously at this laboratory to recover hexane and concentrated alcohols from soybean mares. The work reported in this paper extends the application of this unit to the recovery of dilute alcohols. Soybean protein meals washed with aqueous alcohols are debittered to yield a better flavored product with a significant increase in protein content. The protein of defatted meal was increased from about 50 to 70 or 75% by washing with methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol in a concentration range of 50–70%. System modifications and critical variables were investigated so as to minimize residual alcohol and to yield a free-flowing homogeneous product. Residual alcohol in the desolventized flakes was 0.25–1.0%. Facility of removal followed the order—methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and ethanol. Two-stage flash desolventization as well as the use of the more dilute alcohols resulted in lower residual alcohol content of the desolventized product. After a minimum value for residual alcohol in the flakes is reached, further removal is difficult. However, water continues to be removed so that the alcohol water ratio becomes higher with an increased vaporization force as with increased temperature. It is postulated that the alcohol is held by adsorption or hydrogen bonding. The desolventized products analyzed: protein 72–77%; Nitrogen Solubility Index 4–16; water absorption values 328–410%. The products were light-colored, granular, and free flowing. The soybean flakes extracted with methanol exhibited the best flavor.

Protein extraction using sugar ester reverse micelles

Abstract: In protein extraction, using the nonionic surfactant sugar ester DK-F-110, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a DK-F-110/isopropyl alcohol(IPA)/hexane system was found to be at a DK-F-110 concentration of 0.5 g dm -3 , indicating that the sugar ester reverse micelles could be formed in hexane. At concentrations higher than the CMC, cytochrome c was extracted into the DK-F-110 reverse micelles as judged from UV spectra of the DK-F-110/IPA/hexane solution after it was contacted with the aqueous protein solution. In extraction of cytochrome c using this system, forward extraction was found to be pH-dependent, with high extraction percentage being obtained at pH 8. The forward extraction percentage was reduced by an increase in the buffer concentration, and at a buffer concentration of 0.5 mol dm -3 was ca 25% as high as that of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT) systems. An optimal DK-F-110 concentration was found to give the maximum forward extraction percentage. Addition of alcohol, especially IPA, to the micellar organic phase enabled the highly backward extraction of cytochrome c to be achieved without the formation of insoluble aggregates. The esterification reaction rate by Rhizopus delemar lipase in the DK-F-110 reverse micellar system had a higher maximum value than that of AOT and lecithin systems.

Critical reflux, parametric sensitivity, and hysteresis in azeotropic distillation of isopropyl alcohol + water + cyclohexane

Abstract: In this work, the characteristics of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) + water (H2O) with cyclohexane (CyH) as an entrainer were investigated. Critical reflux, parame...

Conditioning of SO2-ethanol-water spent liquor from spruce for the production of chemicals by ABE fermentation.

Abstract: Abstract The objective of this study is to develop a process for conditioning spent liquor produced by SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of spruce wood chips for fermentation to butanol, ethanol and acetone/isopropanol, i.e., by means of the so called acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) process using Clostridia bacteria. This study serves as part of an overall project aiming at the development of economic processes for producing chemicals and biofuels from mixed forest biomass via SEW fractionation and ABE fermentation technologies.