Isopropyl alcohol

About: Isopropyl alcohol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3064 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27354 citations. The topic is also known as: Rubbing Alcohol & Propan-2-ol.

Semibatch Reactive Distillation for Isopropyl Acetate Synthesis

Abstract: Batch reactive distillation, which combines the flexibility of batch process with the advantages of reactive distillation, can be an effective alternative to conventional batch processing. For instance, acetate esters such as n-butyl acetate and amyl acetate can be produced using batch reactive distillation. Previous studies have shown that isopropyl acetate can also be produced in batch reactive distillation with the addition of chloroform as an entrainer and using a large reflux ratio and number of stages. This paper compares the vapor−liquid and liquid−liquid features of these acetate ester systems, and shows the similarities and differences among them. We show why the isopropyl system is more difficult than the others and how semibatch reactive distillation without an additional entrainer can result in a feasible and more efficient process for the production of isopropyl acetate than has been previously known. In a semibatch reactive distillation, the loss of isopropyl alcohol can be substantially dec...

Kinetics and mechanism of myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol esterification reaction with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts

Abstract: The reaction of myristic acid (MA) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was carried out by using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. For a homogeneously catalyzed system, the experimental data have been interpreted with a second order, using the power-law kinetic model, and a good agreement between the experimental data and the model has been obtained. In this approach, it was assumed that a protonated carboxylic acid is a possible reaction intermediate. After a mathematical model was proposed, reaction rate constants were computed by the Polymath* program. For a heterogeneously catalyzed system, interestingly, no pore diffusion limitation was detected. The influences of initial molar ratios, catalyst loading and type, temperature, and water amount in the feed have been examined, as well as the effects of catalyst size for heterogeneous catalyst systems. Among used catalysts, p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) gave highest reaction rates. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor were determined from model fitting. Experimental K values were found to be 0.54 and 1.49 at 60°C and 80°C, respectively. Furthermore, activation energy and frequency factor at forward were calculated as 54.2 kJ mol−1 and 1828 L mol−1 s−1, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 40: 136–144, 2008

Iridium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of 1,10-Phenanthrolines using Formic Acid as the Hydrogen Source

Abstract: The iridium-catalyzed highly regioselective transfer hydrogenation of a variety of 2-substituted and 2,9-disubstituted 1,10-phenanthrolines under mild conditions with formic acid as the hydrogen source is described. In the presence of a catalytic amount of the iridium complex [Cp*IrCl2]2, the transfer hydrogenation proceeded smoothly in 1,4-dioxane under ligand-free conditions, exclusively leading to a range of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthroline products in high yields. The catalyst generated in situ from [Cp*IrCl2]2 and (R,R)-(CF3)2C6H3SO2-dpen [N-(2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide] could efficiently catalyze the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of these 1,10-phenanthrolines in isopropyl alcohol (i-PrOH) to afford chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthrolines in high yields with up to >99% ee. The key to the success of the reduction is the choice of solvent and hydrogen source.

Isopropyl Alcohol Intoxication: Report of a Case Associated With Myopathy Renal Failure, and Hemolytic Anemia

Abstract: Transient acute renal failure, hemolysis, and myopathy occurred during an episode of isopropyl alcohol intoxication. Whether these three phenomena represent a direct toxic effect of isopropyl alcohol ingestion remains a matter of conjecture. Only further observations of other cases of isopropyl alcohol poisoning will establish the significance of the features described. Despite the similarities of intoxication with isopropyl alcohol to that with ethyl alcohol, there are certain clinical features which may be of value in differentiating the two.