Isopropyl alcohol

About: Isopropyl alcohol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3064 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27354 citations. The topic is also known as: Rubbing Alcohol & Propan-2-ol.

Incinerating volatile organic compounds with ferrospinel catalyst MnFe2O4 : An example with isopropyl alcohol

Abstract: This paper concerns the incineration of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using the ferrospinel catalyst MnFe2O4. It covers the preparation of the ferrospinel catalyst, the screening of catalytic activity, catalytic incineration testing, and 72-hr decay testing of the catalyst. The experimental results of catalyst screening reveal that the Mn/Fe catalyst is the best of five prepared catalysts (chromium/iron [Cr/Fe], manganese/iron [Mn/Fe], zinc/iron [Zn/Fe], nickel/iron [Ni/Fe], and pure magnetite [Fe3O4]). In tests of the catalytic incineration system used to convert IPA, 98% conversion was obtained at a space velocity of 24,000 hr−1, an oxygen (O2) content of 21%, 1700 ppm of IPA, and a reaction temperature of 200 °C.

Acetic acid inhibition of biological phosphorus removal

Abstract: The effects of high acetic acid concentrations on biological phosphorus removal (BPR) in single-sludge, three-stage biological nutrient removal systems were studied using two bench-scale units fed with mixtures of domestic wastewater increments plus increments of either a high acetic acid industrial wastewater or additions of sodium acetate. Incremental additions varying from 25 to 800 mg/L acetic acid delivered to the anaerobic reactor. The systems were maintained at 20°C and operated at a solids retention time of 5 days. The total nominal hydraulic retention time was either 6 or 12 hours, depending on the total chemical oxygen demand of the influent. The results showed that high concentrations of either acetic acid or sodium acetate can cause failure of BPR, with the progression of failure being typical of bacterial washout. The industrial wastewater was considerably more inhibitory to BPR than equivalent amounts of sodium acetate, probably because of other organic chemicals in the industrial wastewater, such as isopropyl alcohol and acetone, although high concentrations of inorganic chemicals such as magnesium and sulfate also were present. Other inorganic chemicals such as nickel, copper, lead, and chromium also were monitored but were present only in trace, nontoxic concentrations.

Kinetics of Ketyl Radical Reactions Occurring in the Photoreduction of Benzophenone by Isopropyl Alcohol

Abstract: Benzophenone – isopropyl alcohol – acetonitrile, benzophenone – benzhydrol – acetonitrile and acetone – isopropyl alcohol – acetonitrile systems were studied by laser flash photolysis transient absorption technique and by steady-state quantum yield determinations. Kinetic parameters were derived for reactions of the ketyl radicals formed in the primary photoreduction steps. The room temperature overall rate coefficients at 0.001 mol dm−3 benzophenone and 2.6 mol dm−3 isopropyl alcohol in acetonitrile are in 108 dm3 mol−1 s−1 units: 12.8 ± 0.6, 8.0 ± 0.4 and 0.59 ± 0.01 for Mc2ĊOH + Me2ĊOH, Me2ĊOH + Ph2ĊOH and Ph2ĊOH + Ph2ĊOH, respectively. (The error limits represent 2 standard deviations.) Combination was shown to be the only significant reaction in the interaction of two Ph2ĊOH radicals, while disproportionation is the dominating path in the reactions inolving Me2ĊOH radicals. Evidences are presented for the existence of four reaction channels in the cross reaction of the two ketyl radicals. These are combination (4a), disproportionations (4b) and (4c) and formation of a “light absorbing transient” (4d), with branching ratios k4a/k4 = 0.18 ± 0.08, k4b/k4 = 0.61 ± 0.11, k4c/k4 = 0.05 ± 0.02 and k4d/k4 = 0.18 ± 0.03, respectively. – The radical transfer reaction Me2ĊOH + Ph2CO Me2CO + Ph2ĊOH, which may change considerably the product distribution and quantum yields in the photoreduction of benzophenone by isopropyl alcohol at medium and low light intensities, was investigated by quantum yield determinations and a room temperature rate coefficient of k5 = (7.3 ± 1.2) · 104 dm3 mol−1 s−1 was extracted through computer model simulation. This rate coefficient is considerably lower than the values reported previously.

Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde Over Active Molybdenum Oxide Supported on Hydroxyapatite Catalysts

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized by sol–gel method. Different ratios of molybdenum oxide (1–15 % w/w) supported on HAP were prepared by the impregnation method and calcined at 400 °C in a static air atmosphere. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and nitrogen sorption measurements. The surface acidity of the catalysts was investigated by the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol and the adsorption of pyridine (PY) and 2,6-dimethyl pyridine (DMPY). The gas–phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde was carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow type reactor using N2 as a carrier gas. The obtained results clearly revealed that HAP–MoO3 systems were active and selective towards the formation of formaldehyde. The maximum yield of formaldehyde (97 %) was achieved on the catalyst containing 5 wt% MoO3/HAP. The generation of Mo6+as Lewis together with Bronsted acid sites play the main role in the formation of formaldehyde. Catalytic oxidation of methanol over MoO3/HAP calcined at 400 °C for 4 h.