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Isotropy

About: Isotropy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 30050 publications have been published within this topic receiving 663626 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the full implementation of the integral equation formalism (IEF) formulated to treat solvent effects, which exploits a common approach for dielectrics of very different nature: standard isotropic liquids, intrinsically anisotropic media like liquid crystals, and ionic solutions.
Abstract: We present the full implementation of the integral equation formalism (IEF) we have recently formulated to treat solvent effects. The method exploits a single common approach for dielectrics of very different nature: standard isotropic liquids, intrinsically anisotropic media like liquid crystals, and ionic solutions. We report here an analysis of its both formal and technical details as well as some numerical applications addressed to state the achieved generalization to all kinds of molecular solutes and to show the equally reliable performances in treating such different environmental systems. In particular, we report, for isotropic liquids, data of solvation free energies and static (hyper)polarizabilities of various molecular solutes in water, for anisotropic dielectrics, a study of an SN2 reaction, and finally, for ionic solution, a study of some structural aspects of ion pairing.

1,834 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a horizontally layered inhomogeneous medium is considered, whose properties are constant or nearly so when averaged over some vertical height l′, and conditions on the five elastic coefficients of a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium are derived which are necessary and sufficient for the medium to be "long-wave equivalent" to a horizontally-layered inhomogenous medium.
Abstract: A horizontally layered inhomogeneous medium, isotropic or transversely isotropic, is considered, whose properties are constant or nearly so when averaged over some vertical height l′. For waves longer than l′ the medium is shown to behave like a homogeneous, or nearly homogeneous, transversely isotropic medium whose density is the average density and whose elastic coefficients are algebraic combinations of averages of algebraic combinations of the elastic coefficients of the original medium. The nearly homogeneous medium is said to be ‘long-wave equivalent’ to the original medium. Conditions on the five elastic coefficients of a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium are derived which are necessary and sufficient for the medium to be ‘long-wave equivalent’ to a horizontally layered isotropic medium. Further conditions are also derived which are necessary and sufficient for the homogeneous medium to be ‘long-wave equivalent’ to a horizontally layered isotropic medium consisting of only two different homogeneous isotropic materials. Except in singular cases, if the latter two-layered medium exists at all, its proportions and elastic coefficients are uniquely determined by the elastic coefficients of the homogeneous transversely isotropic medium. The observed variations in crustal P-wave velocity with depth, obtained from well logs, are shown to be large enough to explain some of the observed crustal anisotropies as due to layering of isotropic material.

1,585 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a heuristic analysis is given for the determination of the elastic moduli of a composite material, the several constituents of which are each isotropic and elastic, and the results are intended to apply to heterogeneous materials composed of contiguous, more-or-less spherical grains of each of the phases.
Abstract: A heuristic analysis is given for the determination of the elastic moduli of a composite material, the several constituents of which are each isotropic and elastic. The results are intended to apply to heterogeneous materials composed of contiguous, more-or-less spherical grains of each of the phases.

1,571 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
J. N. Reddy1
TL;DR: In this paper, Navier's solutions of rectangular plates, and finite element models based on the third-order shear deformation plate theory are presented for the analysis of through-thickness functionally graded plates.
Abstract: Theoretical formulation, Navier's solutions of rectangular plates, and finite element models based on the third-order shear deformation plate theory are presented for the analysis of through-thickness functionally graded plates. The plates are assumed to have isotropic, two-constituent material distribution through the thickness, and the modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The formulation accounts for the thermomechanical coupling, time dependency, and the von Karman-type geometric non-linearity. Numerical results of the linear third-order theory and non-linear first-order theory are presented to show the effect of the material distribution on the deflections and stresses. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

1,460 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,899
20224,132
2021956
2020981
20191,024
2018946