Showing papers on "Isovitexin published in 2016"

Gentiana lutea exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by preventing endothelial inflammation and smooth muscle cell migration

Abstract: Studies suggest that Gentiana lutea (GL), and its component isovitexin, may exhibit anti-atherosclerotic properties. In this study we sought to investigate the protective mechanism of GL aqueous root extract and isovitexin on endothelial inflammation, smooth muscle cell migation, and on the onset and progression of atherosclerosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Our results show that both GL extract and isovitexin, block leukocyte adhesion and generation of reactive oxygen species in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs), following TNF-alpha and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) challenges respectively. Both the extract and isovitexin blocked TNF-α induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVECs. PDGF-BB induced migration of RASMCs and phospholipase C-γ activation, were also abrogated by GL extract and isovitexin. Fura-2 based ratiometric measurements demonstrated that, both the extact, and isovitexin, inhibit PDGF-BB mediated intracellular calcium rise in RASMCs. Supplementation of regular diet with 2% GL root powder for STZ rats, reduced total cholesterol in blood. Oil Red O staining demonstrated decreased lipid accumulation in aortic wall of diabetic animals upon treatment with GL. Medial thickness and deposition of collagen in the aortic segment of diabetic rats were also reduced upon supplementation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) in aortic segments of diabetic rats following GL treatment.Thus, our results support that GL root extract/powder and isovitexin exhibit anti-atherosclerotic activities.

C-Glycosylated flavonoids from black gram husk: Protection against DNA and erythrocytes from oxidative damage and their cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells.

Abstract: C -Glycosyl flavones are present in different plant tissues and they exhibit health benefits. In the present study, it was found that C -glycosyl flavones are distributed in different milled fractions of black gram and among these fractions, husk had the highest content of C -glycosyl flavones. Two C -glycosyl flavones from black gram husk were extracted and purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. The purity of each compound was assessed by analytical C18 column. The structure of each compound was confirmed by LC–MS/MS, NMR. The molecular mass of these compounds were found to be [M−H] − , m / z 431.36 and [M−H] − , m / z 431.35 and were identified as vitexin and isovitexin, respectively. Content of vitexin and isovitexin in aqueous ethanol extract was found to be 76 and 65 mg/g of extract, respectively. These C -glycosyl flavones protected DNA and erythrocytes from oxidative damage. The IC 50 values for vitexin, isovitexin and quercetin for hemolysis were 6, 5.7 and 2.37 μg, respectively. These compounds also triggered the process of apoptosis in HeLa cells by downregulating Bcl-2 level with the simultaneous upregulation of Bax and caspase-3 protein expression. Thus, C -glycosyl flavones from black gram husk protected DNA and erythrocytes from oxidative damage and exhibited anticancer activity.

A Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Photodiode Array Detection Method to Determine Phenolic Compounds in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Abstract: A fast method was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of 12 phenolic compounds in mung bean, using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The method was optimized for mobile phase combination, elution gradient, detection wavelength, and solvent extraction. All the phenolic compounds (gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) were eluted for 18 min and recovered within a limit as per International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.998. The limit of detection and quantification of all the compounds ranges from 0.27 ± 0.01 to 3.65 ± 0.3µg/mL and 0.91 ± 0.1 to 12.17 ± 0.9µg/mL, respectively. Vitexin (28.10 ± 0.20 to 29.60 ± 0.6 mg/100 g raw material) and isovitexin (34.09 ± 0.14 to 36.83 ± 0.82 mg/100 g raw material) were the major phenolic compounds along with other phenolic comp...

Phytotoxic effects of phenolic acids from Merostachys riedeliana, a native and overabundant Brazilian bamboo

Abstract: Merostachys riedeliana Rupr. is a native and overabundant bamboo species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Moderate to strong allelopathic activity may be one mechanism that explains this super-dominance and the changes in structure and composition of forest areas occupied by bamboo. This study evaluated the phytotoxic effect of M. riedeliana extracts and fractions and identified their putative allelochemicals. We investigated the presence of allelochemicals in soil collected from stands occupied by M. riedeliana. Furthermore, we evaluated the putative effect of tree allelochemicals, individually and combined, on germination and growth. The aqueous extract of leaves and its ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth. The effect of the extracts and fractions on the target species was species-specific. Neither the individual nor the combined phenolic acids significantly inhibited seed germination; however, a pronounced growth inhibition was observed in M. bimucronata seedlings treated with vanillic acid and in E. verna and M. bimucronata seedlings treated with combined phenolic acids. Isovitexin, vitexin, isoorientin, orientin, and their O-glycoside derivatives, the lactonic dimer of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid were identified in the aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate fraction by Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Dectector/Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD/ESI–MS/MS). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS) profile of the same extract and fraction showed the presence of benzoic, benzeneacetic, salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, vanillic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, syringic, gallic, m-coumaric vanillylmandelic, 4-methylmandelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic and trans-ferulic acids. The p-benzoic acid and the apigenin 6-C-glucoside (isovitexin) were identified in the soil extract collected from under bamboo-growing areas. Even though laboratory bioassays are not completely predictive of the allelopathic effects that occur in nature, the results of this study provide preliminary evidence of allelopathy as a possible species-specific inhibition mechanism of native species that explain the impoverishment of floristic richness and the functional groups in areas where M. riedeliana is overabundant.

A cytotoxic C-glycosylated derivative of apigenin from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflorum

Abstract: The standardized 80% ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflorum (L.) Benth., Lamiaceae, growing in KSA, exhibited a significant antioxidant activity compared to the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, which was correlated to its higher phenolic and flavonoid contents. Chromatographic separation of the 80% ethanol extract resulted in the isolation of ten known compounds; cinnamic acid, gallic acid, methylgallate, ellagic acid, methyl ellagic acid, apigenin, luteolin, vitexin, isovitexin, and 3″-O-acetylvitexin. Compound 3″-O-acetylvitexin, a C-glycosylated derivative of apigenin, was isolated for the first time from genus Ocimum. The 80% ethanolic extract and 3″-O-acetylvitexin showed significant cytotoxic activities against the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line [IC50 values 22.3 ± 1.1 and 16.8 ± 2.0 μg/ml (35.4 μM), respectively].

Passiflora actinia hydroalcoholic extract and its major constituent, isovitexin, are neuroprotective against glutamate-induced cell damage in mice hippocampal slices

Abstract: Objectives To investigate whether Passiflora actinia hydroalcoholic extract and its major constituent, isovitexin, protect mice hippocampal brain slices from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Neuroprotective effect of the extract against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity (10 mm) was evaluated through cell viability of hippocampal slices. The extract or its flavonoids were directly applied to hippocampal slices and then subjected to glutamate-induced toxicity. Alternatively, hippocampal slices from extract-treated mice were also subjected to the same toxicity protocol. Key findings Mice supplementation with the extract protected hippocampal slices from in-vitro neurotoxicity. When directly applied to hippocampal slices, the extract showed a higher neuroprotective potential than a commercial dry extract of Passiflora incarnata, which was related to P. actinia extract which had higher isovitexin and total flavonoid content expressed as isovitexin. Isovitexin, but not apigenin, induced a similar neuroprotective response when applied alone, at a concentration equivalent to that found in the extract. Conclusions This study highlights new neuropharmacological activity of the Passiflora genus, suggesting that it can act as modulator of the glutamatergic system. The search for improved pharmacotherapies with novel mechanisms of action has been shown of great importance for the treatment of resistant neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Isovitexin from Kigelia pinnata a potential ecofriendly nematicidal agent 67

Abstract: Synthetic pesticides are usually environmentally hazardous. In an attempt to obtain an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicidal agents, isovitexin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from butanol fraction of the leaf extract of Kigelia pinnata was examined for its in vitro nematicidal potential. The chemical structure of the isovitexin was confirmed by comparing its UV, IR, MS and NMR spectroscopic data with that reported in literature. The compound induced a hundred percent mortality at 24 h of exposure and inhibited egg hatch of Meloidogyne incognita at a concentration of 0.16 mg/mL. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the action of isovitexin and the synthetic nematicide, oxamyl, when tested at the same concentration. The bioactivity and toxicity evaluation on ‘molinspiration’ and ‘toxpredict’ evaluators indicated that isovitexin is a potentially bioactive compound with low genotoxic carcinogenicity and high enzyme inhibition activity. The biodegradability evaluation indicated that it belongs to a class 2 persistent chemical. The results of this study could be harnessed to make isovitexin commercially available as a natural nematicide. This is the first account of isovitexin being isolated from Kigelia pinnata and evaluated for nematicidal potential.

CONSTITUINTES QUÍMICOS E ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE IN VIVO DE FLAVONOIDES ISOLADOS DE Clusia lanceolata (Clusiaceae)

Abstract: CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED OF Clusia lanceolata (Clusiaceae). The phytochemical investigation of Clusia lanceolata leaves yielded fourteen compounds including six flavones, vitexin, isovitexin, isovitexin-2”-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, vitexin-2”-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, orientin and isoorientin, two phaeophytins [132-hydroxy-(132-S-)-phaeophytin a and 132-hydroxy-(132-R)-phaeophytin a], two triterpenes, αand β-amyrin, and four steroids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterone and stigmasterone. Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional NMR techniques and comparison with literature data. The antioxidant capacity in vivo of vitexin and mixing isovitexin-2”-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and vitexin-2”-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside was evaluated using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the biological system model and hydrogen peroxide as a stressor agent. The results showed that the tested flavonoids were able to protect the yeast cell against the oxidative damage caused by H2O2.

Multi-Component HPLC Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Characterization of Extracts from Dipsacus sativus (Linn.) Honck

Abstract: A highly reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for determining quality of extracts from the leaves of Dipsacus sativus (Linn.) Honck. Under optimum conditions, the chromatography profile of eight compounds was collected, with compound saponarin as marker. The analysis results indicated that saponarin and isovitexin were the main active components. Pharmacological experiments proved that extracts from the leaves showed significant antioxidant activity. This work could serve to validate the usefulness of high-performance liquid chromatography analyses in traditional Chinese medicine.

Cosmetic composition containing upland rice extract and method for preparing same

Abstract: A cosmetic composition according to an embodiment of the present invention may contain an upland rice extract. The upland rice extract contains p-coumaric acid, a felulic acid, isovitexin, and cyanidin, and thus can exhibit skin whitening, anti-wrinkling, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Theoretical simulations on the antioxidant mechanism of naturally occurring flavonoid: A DFT approach

Abstract: Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are found to be toxic, hence non-carcinogenic naturally occurring radical scavengers especially flavonoids have gained considerable importance in the past two decades. In the present investigation, the radical scavenging activity of C-glycosyl flavonoids is evaluated using theoretical approach which could broaden its scope in therapeutic applications. Gas and solvent phase studies of structural and molecular characteristics of C-glycosyl flavonoid, isovitexin is investigated through hydrogen atom transfer mechanism (HAT), Electron transfer-proton transfer (ET–PT) and Sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) by Density functional theory (DFT) using hybrid parameters. The computed values of the adiabatic ionization potential, electron affinity, hardness, softness, electronegativity and electrophilic index indicate that isovitexin possess good radical scavenging activity. The behavior of different –OH groups in polyphenolic compounds is assessed by considering electronic effects of the neighbouring groups and the overall geometry of molecule which in turn helps in analyzing the antioxidant capacity of the polyphenolic molecule. The studies indicate that the H–atom abstraction from 4’–OH site is preferred during the radical scavenging process. From Mulliken spin density analysis and FMOs, B–ring is found to be more delocalized center and capable of electron donation. Comparison of antioxidant activity of vitexin and isovitexin leads to the conclusion that isovitexin acts as a better radical scavenger. This is an evidence for the importance of position of glucose unit in the flavonoid.

Preparation and application of isovitexin

Abstract: The invention specifically relates to a preparation method and novel application of a C-glycosylflavone compound, which belongs to the fields of medicine and chemistry of natural products. According to the invention, normal-phase (silica gel) column chromatography is employed for separation at first and inversed-phase (open ODS) column chromatography for separation next, and an isovitexin crystal is naturally precipitated. A dry-process sample introduction way is employed during separation via silica gel column chromatography, while a wet-process sample introduction way is employed during separation via open ODS column chromatography. The invention also provides application of isovitexin to myocardial preservation.

Method for extracting and preparing isovitexin from patrinia villosa juss

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for extracting and preparing isovitexin from patrinia villosa juss. The isovitexin with over 98% of purity is obtained by taking patrinia villosa juss as a raw material and combining microwave-assisted extraction, polyamide resin enrichment and recrystallization; the technology is simple and does not need large preparative equipment such as preparative high performance liquid and high-speed countercurrent chromatography, the problem of limitation on equipment is solved, and the dosage of toxic and harmful organic solvent is greatly reduced; and moreover, the adopted organic solvent is easily recycled, thus the cost is lower, and the method is more economical and easier, safer and more environmentally friendly to use.

Phytochemical analysis of fumaria officinalis l. (fumariaceae)

Abstract: The present study describes the investigation of active compounds from several samples of Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae). The identification of the isoquinoline alkaloids (allocryptopine, chelidonine, protopine, bicuculline, sanguinarine, cheleritrine, stylopine and hydrastine) was performed by comparison with reference standards using an HPLCDAD method, and their quantification by LC-DAD and spectrophotometric methods. The presence of polyphenolic compounds was simultaneously assessed by HPLC. Protopine and sanguinarine were identified in all extracts. The major alkaloids were protopine and chelidonine (258.3 mg/100 g and respectively 94.13 mg/100 g). The spectrophotometric determinations of alkaloids showed minor differences between commercial samples and those harvested from spontaneous flora. The concentration of isoquinoline alkaloids expressed in chelidonine was between 0.69 and 0.76% in all samples. The pattern of phenol carboxylic acids showed the presence of cynarin, chlorogenic, isochlorogenic and ferulic acids. The flavonoids isovitexin, rutin, isoquercitrin and quercitrin were found in all assessed samples of Fumaria officinalis aerial parts.

Hyphenated Technique of LC-PDA-MS/MS for Phytochemical Profiling of Ficus deltoidea

Abstract: Ficus deltoidea is one of the widely used traditional herbal medicines in Malaysia. However, scientific data for this herb are very limited, particularly its phytochemical profile. The complexity of the phytochemical profile has hindered the development of this herb to wider application. Recent advancement of hybrid technology in analytical tools has eased the work of phytochemical profiling by simultaneous separation and identification using liquid chromatography integrated with photo diode array and tandem mass spectrometer (LC-PDA-MS/MS ). This hyphenated technique was successfully used in the present study. A wide range of phytochemicals including amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, and their derivatives have been identified. The marker compound, isovitexin (apigenin) was identified at the retention time 17.5 min in the negative ion mode of mass spectrometry. Besides flavone (apigenin), this non-targeted mass screening detected isoflavones (genistein), flavanone (naringenin), flavonol (kaempferol), and flavanol (catechin) in the leaves extract of the plant. Several organic acids and phenolic acids which are very important for plant physiology and defense mechanism were also found in this study. The identification was carried out by matching the fragmentation pattern of the compound to the literature data. The presence of product ions which are the characteristic fragments for a particular compound was used for phytochemical identification. In other words, the fragmentation pattern of phytochemical is similar to the fingerprint of human beings.

Preparation and application of isovitexin

Abstract: The invention specifically relates to a preparation method and novel application of a C-glycosylflavone compound, which belongs to the fields of medicine and chemistry of natural products. According to the invention, normal-phase (silica gel) column chromatography is employed for separation at first and inversed-phase (open ODS) column chromatography for separation next, and an isovitexin crystal is naturally precipitated. A dry-process sample introduction way is employed during separation via silica gel column chromatography, while a wet-process sample introduction way is employed during separation via open ODS column chromatography. The invention also provides application of isovitexin to myocardial preservation.

Precursor of vitexin 2" sulfate or isovitexin 2" sulfate, melanogenesis inhibitor and food and drink comprising the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a melanogenesis inhibitor comprising tea leaves-derived skin-whitening components with a high level of safety as an active ingredient, and food and drink comprising the skin-whitening components in large quantities.SOLUTION: A melanogenesis inhibitor comprises vitexin 2" sulfate represented by formula (8) as an active ingredient, the vitexin 2" sulfate having a compound X represented by formula (1) and the like as a precursor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1