Topic
Keratan sulfate
About: Keratan sulfate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1253 publications have been published within this topic receiving 57984 citations. The topic is also known as: keratan sulfate & KS.
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TL;DR: The influence of (a) antigen structure, (b) type of monoclonal antibody, and (c) antibody bivalency on the immunochemical detection and quantification of keratan sulfate (KS) from aggrecan has been studied.
32 citations
TL;DR: Little or no unsulfated KS is present in normal cornea, but in MCD I cornea the abnormal unsulfate KS was localized in deposits and did not associate with the collagen fibrils of the corneal stroma.
Abstract: Keratan sulfate (KS) proteoglycans are of importance for the maintenance of corneal transparency as evidenced in the condition macular corneal dystrophy type I (MCD I), a disorder involving the absence of KS sulfation, in which the cornea becomes opaque. In this transmission electron microscope study quantitative immuno- and histochemical methods have been used to examine a normal and MCD I cornea. The monoclonal antibody, 5-D-4, has been used to localize sulfated KS and the lectin Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin (ECA) to localize poly N-acetyllactosamine (unsulfated KS). In normal cornea high levels of sulfated KS were detected in the stroma, Bowman’s layer, and Descemet’s membrane and low levels in the keratocytes, epithelium and endothelium. Furthermore, in normal cornea, negligible levels of labeling were found for N-acetyllactosamine (unsulfated KS). In the MCD I cornea sulfated KS was not detected anywhere, but a specific distribution of N-acetyllactosamine (unsulfated KS) was evident: deposits found in the stroma, keratocytes, and endothelium labeled heavily as did the disrupted posterior region of Descemet’s membrane. However, the actual cytoplasm of cells and the undisrupted regions of stroma revealed low levels of labeling. In conclusion, little or no unsulfated KS is present in normal cornea, but in MCD I cornea the abnormal unsulfated KS was localized in deposits and did not associate with the collagen fibrils of the corneal stroma. This study has also shown that ECA is an effective probe for unsulfated KS.
31 citations
TL;DR: During chick corneal morphogenesis, significant matrix deposition of high-sulfated KS epitope occurs by day 10, with accumulation subsequently proceeding in an anterior-to-posterior manner.
Abstract: PURPOSE. Keratan sulfate (KS), through its association with fibrillar collagen as KS-substituted proteoglycan (KS PG), is thought to be instrumental in the structural development of the corneal stroma. The authors used two different sulfate motif-specific antibodies to identify the sequence of appearance, and the association with collagen, of sulfated KS during avian corneal morphogenesis. METHODS. Corneas from chicken embryos throughout the developmental period, from day 8 through day 18 of incubation, were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies 5D4 and 1B4, which react with high- and low-sulfated epitopes on KS, respectively. RESULTS. KS was identified as punctate labeling at incubation day 8, the earliest stage examined, suggesting a cell-associated distribution. By day 10, labeling was more homogeneous, indicating that KS sulfation motifs were present in the stromal extracellular matrix. At day 12 through day 14, immunopositive sites were concentrated primarily in the anterior stroma but became more uniform throughout the full stromal thickness by day 18. From day 10 on, electron microscopy revealed a high-sulfated KS epitope closely associated with bundles of regularly arranged collagen fibrils, initially near cell surfaces in rudimentary lamellae. Individual cells, associated with collagen bundles with different fibril orientations, imply the potential for simultaneous deposition of multiple lamellae. CONCLUSIONS. During chick corneal morphogenesis, significant matrix deposition of high-sulfated KS epitope occurs by day 10, with accumulation subsequently proceeding in an anterior-toposterior manner. High-sulfated KS likely serves to help define the regular spatial organization of collagen fibrils in bundles newly extruded into the extracellular milieu. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3083‐3088) DOI:10.1167/iovs.06-1323
31 citations
TL;DR: The data suggests that this agent has a differential effect on newly differentiating cells and might be the basis for contraindication in pediatric patients.
Abstract: Ciprofloxacin is a highly potent antibacterial agent that is used extensively in bone and joint infections. Because of reports of potential chondro-toxicity in animals, the effects of this drug on cells derived from human cartilage were tested in liquid micromass and agarose gel cultures. An inhibition of cell proliferation as indicated by a decrease in [3H]-thymidine uptake and bromodeoxyuridine labeling at ciprofloxacin concentrations of 0.5 and 50 mg/l was found which corresponded to the therapeutic and toxic serum levels. There was no effect on proteoglycan synthesis as indicated by35SO4 incorporation. Immunocytochemistry showed no changes in morphology or staining patterns for type-I procollagen, type-II collagen, keratan sulfate and unsulfated chondroitin. Because the amount of inhibition of DNA synthesis varied with different ciprofloxacin concentrations, this data suggests that this agent has a differential effect on newly differentiating cells and might be the basis for contraindication in pediatric patients.
31 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of endo-beta-galactosidase and keratanase II digestion products of the polylactosamine chains synthesized in both culture conditions showed that only about 25% of the hexosamine residues and less than 5% ofThe adjacent galactose residues were substituted with sulfate.
31 citations