Topic
Keratan sulfate
About: Keratan sulfate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1253 publications have been published within this topic receiving 57984 citations. The topic is also known as: keratan sulfate & KS.
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TL;DR: Donnan equilibrium is established in the tectorial membrane because sulfated GAGs are highly negatively charged and consequently bring about an influx of large amounts of water and cations into the matrix.
Abstract: The tectorial membrane is an acellular connective tissue which plays an essential role in cochlear function. While a comparatively large amount of information is available on the collagen network of the tectorial membrane, studies on the biochemical nature of this highly hydrated matrix, which is composed of proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), have been quite limited. Previous reports on the biochemical analysis of the tectorial membrane have failed to detect uronic acid, which is present in large amounts in all mammalian GAGs except keratan sulfate. Applying a colorimetric assay based on the binding of GAGs to cationic dye Safranin-0 in combination with enzymatic techniques, we were able to measure GAGs in the murine tectorial membrane. Approximately 0.3% uronic acid-containing GAGs (mainly in the form of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate) and 0.17% keratan sulfate were detected in the tectorial membrane (both on a wet weight basis). In addition, various types of electrophoresis revealed one large PG with a molecular mass similar to that of the large type cartilage PGs and three small PGs, containing chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate side chains, respectively. Judging by coelution of standards, one of the small PGs seemed to correspond to fibromodulin, which has at least one keratan sulfate side chain, and binds to type I and type II collagen to regulate collagen organization in tissues. Our results suggest: (1) Donnan equilibrium is established in the tectorial membrane because sulfated GAGs are highly negatively charged and consequently bring about an influx of large amounts of water and cations into the matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1 citations
TL;DR: A large number of patients with MPSs are diagnosed with atypical central giant cell granuloma, which is known to have a specific lysosomal enzyme deficiency and presents as a central nervous system disorder.
Abstract: Background
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme, consisting of seven subtypes. In MPSs, the breakdown of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS), keratan sulfate (KS), and/or hyaluronan is disrupted.
1 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: Keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, which is found mainly in the cornea and in cartilage tissues, consists of a linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chain that carries sulfate residues on its C-6 position of GlcNAc and Gal.
Abstract: Keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, which is found mainly in the cornea and in cartilage tissues, consists of a linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chain that carries sulfate residues on its C-6 position of GlcNAc and Gal. So far two human sulfotransferases have been reported to transfer sulfate on poly-N-acetyllactosamine and to produce keratan sulfate. One of the sulfotransferases, corneal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (C- GlcNAc6ST, GlcNAc6ST-5) is known to be involved in a hereditary eye disease, macular corneal dystrophy. This enzyme has an important role in processing keratan sulfate.
1 citations
TL;DR: G (GAGs) are large complexes of negatively charged heteropolysaccharide chains composed of a repeating disaccharide unit that serve as key biological response modifiers by acting as co-receptors for growth factors, cytokines and chemokines; regulators of enzyme activity; signaling molecules in response to infection, wounding and and targets for viral, bacterial and parasitic virulence factors for attachment and immune system evasion.
Abstract: G (GAGs) are large complexes of negatively charged heteropolysaccharide chains composed of a repeating disaccharide unit [acidic sugar and amino sugar]. The amino sugar is either D-glucosamine or D-galactosamine, the acidic sugar is either D-glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid. GAGs are located primarily on the surface of cells or in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The specific GAGs of physiological significance are hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Hyaluronic acid may be important in permitting tumor cells to migrate through the ECM. Chondroitin sulfate most abundant GAG. Heparan sulfate, extracellular GAG contains higher acetylated glucosamine than heparin and less sulphated groups. Some tumor cells have less heparan sulfate at their surfaces. Heparin is an intracellular GAG, component of intracellular granules of mast cells. Heparin is an important anticoagulant. Its most important interaction is with plasma anti-thrombin III. Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan found mostly in skin. Keratan sulfate originally the designations KSI and KSII were based on differences between KS from cornea and that of cartilage. GAGs such as heparin, heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) serve as key biological response modifiers by acting as co-receptors for growth factors, cytokines and chemokines; regulators of enzyme activity; signaling molecules in response to infection, wounding and and targets for viral, bacterial and parasitic virulence factors for attachment and immune system evasion.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the role of GAGs on the microstructure of corneal extracellular matrix before and after CXL treatment was investigated, and it was found that GAG depletion increased the collagen interfibrillar spacing and decreased the interfibrilar spacing.
1 citations