Topic
Kerr effect
About: Kerr effect is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8111 publications have been published within this topic receiving 141544 citations. The topic is also known as: electro-optic Kerr effect.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that few-layer graphene exhibits both a transmittance increase due to saturable absorption and a nonlinear phase shift, and they unambiguously distinguish these two nonlinear optical effects and identify both real and imaginary parts of the complex nonlinear refractive index of graphene.
Abstract: Under strong laser illumination, few-layer graphene exhibits both a transmittance increase due to saturable absorption and a nonlinear phase shift. Here, we unambiguously distinguish these two nonlinear optical effects and identify both real and imaginary parts of the complex nonlinear refractive index of graphene. We show that graphene possesses a giant nonlinear refractive index n2=10-7cm2W-1, almost nine orders of magnitude larger than bulk dielectrics. We find that the nonlinear refractive index decreases with increasing excitation flux but slower than the absorption. This suggests that graphene may be a very promising nonlinear medium, paving the way for graphene-based nonlinear photonics.
478 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of noise in mode-locked laser systems was developed that applies to additive pulse and Kerr lens mode-locking systems, and the effect of gain fluctuations, mirror vibrations, and index fluctuations were determined.
Abstract: A theory of noise in mode-locked lasers is developed that applies to additive pulse mode-locked and Kerr lens mode-locked systems. Equations of motion are derived for pulse energy, carrier linewidth, frequency pulling, and timing jitter. The effect of gain fluctuations, mirror vibrations, and index fluctuations are determined. Measurements that can determine all four fluctuation spectra are described. Experimental data in the literature are compared with theory. >
466 citations
TL;DR: The magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects of a topological insulator thin film weakly exchange coupled to a ferromagnet are considered and it is found that its Faraday rotation has a universal value at low frequencies.
Abstract: Topological insulators can exhibit strong magneto-electric effects when their time-reversal symmetry is broken. In this Letter we consider the magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects of a topological insulator thin film weakly exchange coupled to a ferromagnet. We find that its Faraday rotation has a universal value at low frequencies θF=tan(-1)α, where α is the vacuum fine structure constant, and that it has a giant Kerr rotation θK=π/2. These properties follow from a delicate interplay between thin-film cavity confinement and the surface Hall conductivity of a topological insulator's helical quasiparticles.
444 citations
TL;DR: The polar Kerr effect in the spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 was measured with high precision using a Sagnac interferometer with a zero-area Sagnacs loop, implying a broken time-reversal symmetry state in the superconducting state of Sr2 RuO4, similar to 3He-A.
Abstract: The polar Kerr effect in the spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 was measured with high precision using a Sagnac interferometer with a zero-area Sagnac loop We observed nonzero Kerr rotations as big as 65 nanorad appearing below Tc in large domains Our results imply a broken time-reversal symmetry state in the superconducting state of Sr2RuO4, similar to 3He-A
434 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic kinetic equation which describes the Brownian motion is set up and applied to two particular experiments, the Kerr effect and dynamic light scattering, and the principal results are : (1) the characteristic relaxation time τr of the Kerr Effect is very long, and depends strongly on the concentration ρ and the molecular weight M such that τr∝ρ2M7, and relaxation is nonexponential.
Abstract: A concentrated solution of rod-like macromolecules is thermodynamically ideal if the rods are thin enough, but its dynamical behaviour is completely different from that of a dilute solution because of the “entanglement” constraint that the rods cannot pass through each other. This characteristic feature is discussed. First the basic kinetic equation which describes the Brownian motion is set up. This equation is then applied to two particular experiments, the Kerr effect and dynamic light scattering. The principal results are : (1) The characteristic relaxation time τr of the Kerr effect is very long, and depends strongly on the concentration ρ and the molecular weight M such that τr∝ρ2M7, and the relaxation is non-exponential. (2) The dynamical structure factor S(k, t) measured by light scattering has a characteristic shape which is independent of concentration; the initial slope of S(k, t) being about half the value predicted for dilute solution; S(k, t) has a very long tail as S(k, t)∝ 1/√t.
432 citations