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Showing papers on "Kinetin published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1983-Planta
TL;DR: As a result of initial experiments to optimize both media for E callus production and media for plant regeneration, callus derived in six passages from an average of 26 seeds could produce about 1,000 regenerated plants.
Abstract: By visual examination of calli derived from germinating seeds of wheat, oats, rice, proso millet, and pearl millet it has been possible to visually select embryogenic (E) callus which, on transfer to a regeneration medium, forms plants an average of 33 times more frequently than non-embryogenic (NE) callus of equal mass. Embryogenic callus consists of small isodiametric cells averaging 31 μm in diameter; NE callus consists of long tubular cells averaging 52 μm in width and 355 μm in length. Production of E callus is in many cases promoted by media containing 2,4-di- or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D or 2,4,5-T) plus indole-3-acetic acid or tryptophan+kinetin. Production on NE callus is promoted by media containing 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T alone. As a result of initial experiments to optimize both media for E callus production and media for plant regeneration, callus derived in six passages from an average of 26 seeds could produce about 1,000 regenerated plants.

175 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Development of proembryoids was enhanced by transferring pro Embryoids to media lacking NH4NO3 but containing double the standard KNO3 concentration and gibberellic acid (GA).

164 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was shown that the growth in rotary shaking cultures was 1.8 times higher than in reciprocal cultures, while the saponin production was almost the same, and the most effective hormonal condition was the combination of indole-3-butyric acid with kinetin.
Abstract: Two high saponin-producing cell lines were selected from the original callus induced in 1967 and maintained in good state. For saponin production and growth in two cell lines, the comparison of static and suspension cultures, static cultures in the dark or in the light and rotary or reciprocal shaking cultures were made in detail. It was shown that the growth in rotary shaking cultures were 1.8 times higher than in reciprocal cultures, while the saponin production was almost the same, and the most effective hormonal condition was the combination of indole-3-butyric acid with kinetin. The saponin content per fresh weight was almost the same as that of the crude drug, whereas that per dry weight was 4 times higher.

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars but not in four others, and Kinetin does not appear to be a requirement for embryogenicCallus formation in Calrose 76.
Abstract: Cereal embryos can produce two types of callus. One type, termed “embryogenic,” consists of small meristematic-like cells and gives rise to many plants by somatic embryogenesis if placed on a suitable regeneration medium. The other is termed “nonembryogenic” and consists of long tubular cells which gives rise to few or no plants. High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. Calrose 76, Pokkali, and IR 36) but not in four others (Mahsuri, Bg 400-1, H4, and Giza 159). The best concentration of tryptophan for Pokkali and Calrose 76 was 100 micrograms per milliliter, and for IR 36, 50 micrograms per milliliter. Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted an effect similar to that of tryptophan on Calrose 76. The difference between japonica (Calrose 76, Giza 159) and indica (Pokkali, IR 36) varieties is not the causal factor for the difference in response to tryptophan. Kinetin does not appear to be a requirement for embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76. Plant regeneration from Calrose 76 embryogenic callus occurred at low levels in media containing no hormones. 6-benzyladenine, or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Single applications of either 6-benzyladenine or zeatin to inhibited axillary buds of intact, light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum L. cv Black-eyed Susan resulted in the formation of rapidly elongating, leafy shoots.
Abstract: Single applications of either 6-benzyladenine or zeatin to inhibited axillary buds of intact, light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum L. cv Black-eyed Susan, resulted in the formation of rapidly elongating, leafy shoots. Similar treatment with kinetin or isopentenyladenine caused only limited but outgrowth which stopped 6 days after application.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The number of spikelets per panicle, number of panicles, percentage filled grains, panicle weight and grain yield per plant and the mobilization and harvest indices were significantly increased by kinetin treatment, while ABA decreased most of them.
Abstract: Senescence of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Jaya) leaves was regulated with kinetin and abscisic acid (ABA) sprays at the reproductive stage. The effect of such sprays on grain-filling and yield was analyzed. Spraying 100-day-old plants with kinetin solution (100 μg ml-1) significantly delayed senescence as indicated by higher total chlorophyll and protein levels in the three uppermost leaves compared with the controls. In contrast, spraying with ABA (15 μg ml-1) significantly promoted foliar senescence. The number of spikelets per panicle, number of panicles, percentage filled grains, panicle weight and grain yield per plant and the mobilization and harvest indices were significantly increased by kinetin treatment, while ABA decreased most of them. The possibility of increased grain-filling and thus, yield due to delayed foliar senescence by kinetin treatment and decreased grain-filling due to hastening of senescence by ABA is discussed.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Efficiency of callus induction for four different seedling explants namely leaf, epicotyl, root and cotyledons of pigeonpea were tested with seven different media and Blaydes' medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin was most effective in inducing callus from various explants.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The production of callus from leaf tissue of Triticum aestivum and regeneration of whole plants from this callus are reported and Root development was achieved by transfer of these cultures onto MS medium containing half-salt concentration and no added growth regulators.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The application of a mixture of gibberellic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid and kintetin to the pollinated buds prevented early abscission of the pod and the abortion of the hybrid embryo in an otherwise incompatible cross involving blackgram and greengram.
Abstract: Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an otherwise incompatible cross involving blackgram (Vigna mungo ♀) and greengram (V. radiata ♂). The application of a mixture of gibberellic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid and kintetin to the pollinated buds prevented early abscission of the pod and the abortion of the hybrid embryo. Hybrid embryos (11–17 days after pollination) excised from the young developing pods and cultured on modified Murashige & Skoogs' medium, supplemented with IAA, kinetin, casein hydrolysate or coconut water produced normal-looking plantlets. The younger embryos (less than 11 days after pollination) either proliferated to form callus, or occasionally produced plantlets which albino, spindly and weak. The F1 plants were partially fertile, late-maturing, and intermediate between the two parents with respect to characters such as leaflet size, plant height and number of branches. However, the setting percentage and the number of seeds per pod were highly reduced because of the meiotic irregularities. In the F2 generation, grown in the field as replicated rows, different combinations of desirable characters appeared and the setting percentage was also improved.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found by experiment that an effective method of inducing leaf initiation and reducing secondary embryogenesis was to transfer the secondary embryoids to a basal medium supplemented with 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin; 10-4 M), alone or in combination with low concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid.
Abstract: It was shown that only a small proportion of haploid (= amphihaploid; n = 19) secondary embryoids of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) grew into plants when transferred to a medium without plant growth regulators. The majority grew abnormally and formed further secondary embryoids on their surfaces. It was then found by experiment that an effective method of inducing leaf initiation and reducing secondary embryogenesis was to transfer the secondary embryoids to a basal medium supplemented with 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin; 10-4 M), alone or in combination with low concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid. Roots were initiated by further transfer of the cultures to basal medium without plant growth regulators. The plantlets so produced were normally haploid and were suitable for growing on into whole plants. The reduction of secondary embryogenesis by cytokinins is discussed in the general context of response by plant tissues to plant growth substances.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the past ten years plant tissue culture has truly exploded and now more than ten thousand people are engaged in this field: International Congress held in July 1982 at Lake Yamanaka, Japan is evidence for this effusive development.
Abstract: The author has lived in the plant tissue culture history since its beginning and had the opportunity to discuss with all the pioneers

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Callusing ability of six different seedling explants have been studied with four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. on MS media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and shoots were regenerated directly from the hypocotyl, epicotyl and cotyledonary explants in medium supplemented with IAA and Kinetin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Embryos arose initially as a yellow, compact globular masses from the area just beneath the epidermis in linear pattern parallel with the main axis of the leaf and then developed a heartshaped appearance and was preceded by growth of callus almost crystalline in appearance on the cut surface.
Abstract: Various leaf sections of Gasteria verrucosa Haw. and Haworthia fasciata Haw. were cultured on media to examine the effect of picloram (4-amino 3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid) and 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) on somatic embryogenesis. Picloram (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mgl-1) outperformed 2, 4-D (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mgl-1) as the auxin source of both earliness of callus and embryo induction and final yield of embryos produced at both kinetin levels examined (0.25, 1.0 mgl-1). Embryos arose initially as a yellow, compact globular masses from the area just beneath the epidermis in linear pattern parallel with the main axis of the leaf and then developed a heartshaped appearance. Embryo formation was preceded by growth of callus almost crystalline in appearance on the cut surface. Subsequent shoot formation developed from green pigmented loci in crystalline callus derived from embryos. Shoot and root development in Gasteria was induced on a defined medium containing quarter strength MS or B5 salts with no hormonal supplementation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has concluded that in moss protonema of Funaria hygrometrica and other mosses the transition of chloronema to caulonema is regulated by external factors such as light intensity, and in low light intensity this process is delayed or completely repressed.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Embryoids developed into plantlets when subcultured on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and casein hydrolysate and callus derived from immature pericarp tissue or peduncles did not show morphogenetic responses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data can be used as a guide to rapid commercial propagation of fishtail fern, and it is demonstrated that media available commercially for Boston fern multiplication will induce maximal shoot production in fish tail fern.
Abstract: This study is concerned with the determination of the shoot and root inducing effects of kinetin (K) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on shoots of the fishtail fern (Nephrolepisfalcata forma furcans) in sterile tissue culture. The data shows that K is the major factor involved in maximal shoot production. The NAA is not essential. Specific concentrations of NAA must be present with specific concentrations of K for maximal root production. At the same time, the data also demonstrate that shoots on media containing no NAA but with K concentrations of 5 X 10-7 and 10-6 M produced as many roots as with any other NAA concentration. The data can be used as a guide to rapid commercial propagation of fishtail fern, and demonstrate that media available commercially for Boston fern multiplication will induce maximal shoot production in fishtail fern. MURASHIGE (1974) developed media and techniques for the rapid clonal multiplication of several herbaceous plants using aseptic techniques. Murashige's review is the first publication that refers to the in vitro propagation of any of the members of the genus Nephrolepis. However, specific data collected for the specific plants in that review were unpublished since the research was done in his laboratory. A more detailed study on Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis, the popular Boston fern, was done by one of his former graduate students (Harper,

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Callus tissue cultures have been established from the excised segments of the inflorescence, flower stalks, denuded flower, bract, perianth and leaf segments of 2 cultivars of Gladiolus grandiflorus, and of all the explants and the media tested, the best callus was obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1983-Botany
TL;DR: The use of multiple adventitious bulb scales grown by shake culture seems to be advantageous for the mass propagation of Lilium bulblets.
Abstract: Multiple adventitious bulb scales of Lilium were investigated as a source for bulblet production. Addition of kinetin to the medium markedly increased the number of adventitious bulb scales differentiated from bulblets grown in vitro. The segments with numerous bulb scales were too small to separate into individual bulb scales, but the use of a shake culture technique markedly stimulated their growth. Such bulb scales were severed and each individual scale was transferred to fresh medium without kinetin to induce bulblet formation. The use of multiple adventitious bulb scales grown by shake culture seems to be advantageous for the mass propagation of Lilium bulblets.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1983-Planta
TL;DR: The hypothesis that cytokinin in the presence of auxin regulates the production of a specific, major polypeptide in the soluble-protein fraction of the tissue and that this protein is not produced in tissues autotrophic for both auxin and cytokinIn is supported.
Abstract: When cloned pith and leaf tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 425 are subcultured for 3 d on auxin-containing medium and labelled for 18 h with [35S]methionine, up to 10% of the labelled, soluble-protein fraction is found in a single band with an apparent molecular weight of approx. 32,000–34,000 dalton on sodium-dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretograms. The labelling of this band, designated P33, is dramatically inhibited by the cytokinin, kinetin, in some cell lines at concentrations as low as 1.4·10-8 M. P33 is a major component of the protein fraction obtained from non-habituated clones, cytokinin-habituated clones, and revertant subclones of crown-gall-transformed clones, but cannot be detected in clones habituated for both auxin and cytokinin, or crown-gall-transformed clones. The evidence supports the hypothesis that cytokinin in the presence of auxin regulates the production of a specific, major polypeptide in the soluble-protein fraction of the tissue and that this protein is not produced in tissues autotrophic for both auxin and cytokinin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various developmental stage of embryoid, such as globular, heart-shape, scutellum-shape and mature embryoid were observed in an embryogenic callus.
Abstract: An embryogenic callus was obtained from immature panicle of an interspecific hybrid (Oryza sativa x O. latifolia) F1. The medium consisted of HE salts supplemented with 2,4-D, NAA (each 2 mg/l), kinetin (3 mg/l), yeast extract (1360 mg/l) and casein hydrolyzate (300 mg/l). The callus was milk-white in colour compact and granulate in texture. Various developmental stage of embryoid, such as globular, heart-shape, scutellum-shape and mature embryoid were observed in an embryogenic callus. Plantlets were successfully regenerated from 1-month-old callus with more than 80% regenerational frequency in each subculture for 12 passages.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1983-Botany
TL;DR: Shoot formation by hypocotyl explants was superior to stem explants for all species and at nearly all hormone levels.
Abstract: Stem and hypocotyl explants of six Lycopersicon species, L. esculentum var. cerasiformae, L. cheesmanii, L. hirsutum, L. pimpinellifolium, L. peruvianum, and L. glandulosum, were examined for ability to form callus, adventitious shoots, and adventitious roots on media containing varying levels of indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin. Callus growth of L. peruvianum and L. glandulosum explants was better than that of the other species tested. Stem explants tended to form more callus than hypocotyl explants. Shoot formation by hypocotyl explants was superior to stem explants for all species and at nearly all hormone levels. Hypocotyl explants of L. peruvianum and L. glandulosum showed the highest levels of shoot formation, and L. cheesmanii and L. esculentum var. cerasiformae hypocotyl explants showed good shoot formation on media containing 3 mg/L kinetin and 0.3 or 1 mg/L indole acetic acid. No shoot formation was observed by L. hirsutum explants, and L. pimpinellifolium explants gave only a poor response....


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Callus cultures of two cultivars of Vigna aconitifolia were raised and their growth and differentiation studied, finding best differentiation of shoot buds was observed on a medium with K (23.2 μM) and IAA (5.7 μM).
Abstract: Callus cultures of two cultivars of Vigna aconitifolia (IPCMO-926, RDM-120) were raised and their growth and differentiation studied. In IPCMO-926 callus cultures, numerous shoot buds differentiated on MS medium with BA (0.4–22.2 μM) alone or in combination with IAA (5.7 μM). In RDM-120 best differentiation of shoot buds was observed on a medium with K (23.2 μM) and IAA (5.7 μM). Kinetin alone, however, induced rhizogenesis in callus cultures. In suspension cultures of IPCMO-926 embryoids differentiated on MS medium with K (0.5 μM) and 2,4-D (0.4 and 0.9 μM).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Anthers of Albizzia lebbeck on B5 medium supplemented with kinetin and 2, 4-D showed callus initiation from microspores, confirming the microspore origin of the regenerants.
Abstract: Anthers of Albizzia lebbeck on B5 medium (BM) supplemented with kinetin (2 mg/l) and 2, 4-D (0.5 mg/l) showed callus initiation from microspores. Differentiation of embryoids and shoots was obtained on BM + BAP (1 mg/l) + IAA (0.5 mg/l) and of roots on BM. Root tip squashes of the regenerated plantlets showed the haploid chromosome number (n=13), confirming the microspore origin of the regenerants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Effects of passage of subculture and several culture conditions, nutritional, hormonal and light conditions on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) content were examined and the best condition for DOPA accumulation was discussed in relation to protein synthesis.
Abstract: Effects of passage of subculture and several culture conditions, nutritional, hormonal and light conditions on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) content were examined in callus of STIZOLOBIUM HASSJOO P IPER and T RACY. The favourable conditions for DOPA accumulation were found to be suboptimal conditions for growth, i.e., low concentration of phosphate, low concentration of 2,4-D, high concentration of kinetin. Light promoted DOPA accumulation. The best condition for DOPA accumulation was discussed in relation to protein synthesis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that cytokinins can stimulate citrus abscission in vitro and that this stimulation is not accompanied by marked effects on either measurable ethylene or ACC concentrations, which suggests that a minimum level of ethylene production is required for the cytokinin effect.
Abstract: The stylar abscission bioassay was used to identify five stimulators of lemon (Citrus limon cv. Lisbon) abscission in pistil explants. The stimulators (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea, N6-benzyladenine, kinetin, zeatin, and N6-isopentenyladenine), which are all cytokinins, accelerated the timing of expiant abscission when they were added as supplements (100 μM) to the test medium. To study possible relationships between cytokinins, ethylene, and abscission, we measured accumulating ethylene concentrations in sealed cultures and endogenous 1 -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic aicd (ACC) in explants incubated on test medium plus or minus 100 μM N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron), 100 μM N6-benzyladenine (bzl6Ade), or 2 μM picloram, an inhibitor of stylar abscission. Although ethylene accumulated to similar levels in all treatments, the concentrations obtained with picloram and thidiazuron were, respectively, higher and lower than those obtained in control cultures. The accumulation of ethylene in cultures with bzl6Ade, on the other hand, was not significantly different from controls. ACC concentrations in explants remained fairly constant in all treatments during the incubations, except in explants on thidiazuron, in which case the ACC concentration declined slightly. We conclude that cytokinins can stimulateCitrus abscissionin vitro and that this stimulation is not accompanied by marked effects on either measurable ethylene or ACC concentrations. Our finding that 100 μM aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, counteracts the stimulation of abscission by bzl6Ade suggests that a minimum level of ethylene production is required for the cytokinin effect. The possibility that cytokinins affect other aspects related to ethylene, such as biosynthetic rates, metabolism, or tissue retention, is not excluded by our results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Microscopic examination of the anthers cultured at the late uninucleate or early bi-celled stages, after 7–14 days of culture, revealed many multicellular structures at various stages of development, thus indicating the pollen origin of callus.
Abstract: Anthers ofCassia siamea, on culture on B5 medium supplemented with coconut milk (15%, v/v), 2,4-D (2 mg/l), and kinetin (0.5 mg/l), split open after one to two weeks of inoculation and eject a callus mass. Microscopic examination of the anthers cultured at the late uninucleate or early bi-celled stages, after 7–14 days of culture, revealed many multicellular structures at various stages of development, thus indicating the pollen origin of callus. Callus cells also showed the haploid chromosome number (n=14).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In Paulownia, organs such as hypocotyls, cotyledons and shoot tips regenerated roots and/or shoots on defined media in vitro and has potential for sophisticated manipulations in vitro.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Kinetin promotion of reducing sugar accumulation may be related to increased levels of the two invertase forms, but is probably not a result of direct cytokinin-stimulated glyoxysomal activity.
Abstract: Cytokinin treatment is known to promote expansion of light-grown excised radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv Crimson Giant) cotyledons. This expansion, at least in part, seems to be related to an increased accumulation of osmotically active reducing sugars. Kinetin treatment did not cause increased levels of isocitrate lyase activity over the controls, but stimulated increased levels of two invertase forms, designated types I and II. Type I was soluble and type II was insoluble after homogenization in 10 millimolar tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (pH 7.0). Both types were soluble after homogenization in 300 millimolar NaCl. At low salt concentration, type II was retained on a diethylamioethyl-cellulose column and type I was not. Type II was then eluted from the column at high salt concentration. Types I and II exhibited pH optima of 5.3 and 4.3, Michaelis constants of 4.96 and 1.23 millimolar sucrose, and molecular weights of 65,000 and 57,000 daltons, respectively. The kinetin promotion of reducing sugar accumulation may be related to increased levels of the two invertase forms, but is probably not a result of direct cytokinin-stimulated glyoxysomal activity.