Showing papers on "Kinetin published in 1988"
TL;DR: Low-O2 decreased precocious germination of immature embryos, decreased callus growth, and improved development and viability of the resultant embryoids, which resulted in significantly fewer of the embryoids produced on ABA-containing medium germinated.
Abstract: The effects of O2, growth-regulators and desiccation on callus growth and somatic embryo (embryoid) development were investigated in cultures of immature embryos of two lines of Triticum aestivum L. Callus and embryoid formation were induced on media that contained N(6)-furfurylamin-opurine (kinetin) and either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid, either with or without abscisic acid (ABA). Cultures containing differentiated embryoids were then exposed to high concentrations of both ABA and indole-3-acetic acid, after which samples were desiccated to approx. 10% tissue moisture. Incubating cultures in 3.2 mmol·l(-1) O2 (approx. 9%, low-O2) increased embryoid formation sixfold in one wheat line and nearly threefold in another. In the former line low-O2 caused the formation of mostly embryogenic callus. Low-O2 also decreased precocious germination of immature embryos, decreased callus growth, and improved development and viability of the resultant embryoids. Including 1.9 μmol·l(-1) ABA in the callus-induction medium reduced germination of immature embryos and reduced the incidence of embryoids with visible abnormalities. Despite the improved morphology, significantly fewer of the embryoids produced on ABA-containing medium germinated. Desiccation significantly enhanced germination of these embryoids as well as those produced on ABA-free medium.
130 citations
TL;DR: Calli of cotton initiated from seedling hypocotyl tissue were placed in liquid suspension and maintained by serial subculture in hormone-free Murashige and Skoog medium, and long-term embryo proliferation and maturation were best on medium containing MS plus 1.9g/l KNO3.
Abstract: Calli of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) initiated from seedling hypocotyl tissue were placed in liquid suspension and maintained by serial subculture in hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium Suspensions were sieved and globular embryos collected, washed, resuspended in basal medium and plated onto various semi-solid media High inorganic salts (MS), low salt (2/3 MS), excess KNO3, and the growth regulators napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin were tested for their effects on somatic embryo maturation Long-term embryo proliferation and maturation were best on medium containing MS plus 19g/l KNO3 Embryos 3 mm to 10 mm in size were removed from this plating medium and placed on sterile vermiculite saturated with Stewart and Hsu's medium plus 01 mg/l indoleacetic acid (IAA) Plants were recovered from 106% of the embryos When ≥5 mm embryos were placed on this medium, 30% of the embryos formed plants within six weeks Smaller embryos required a longer period of development on the vermiculite and the addition of fresh medium supplemented with 01 mg/l GA3 Plants with an extensive root system and two true leaves were removed from sterile culture and potted in either one-to-one peat and sand, or vermiculite Eighty percent of the regenerants were successfully hardened when glass beakers of increasing size (10 to 150 ml) were sequentially placed over the young plants during a two-week period
86 citations
TL;DR: Embryonal-suspensor masses from immature embryos from cones of Sitka spruce proliferated on a modified Murashige & Skoog medium with N6-benzyl-aminopurine, kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and an organic nitrogen source and were transferred to a non-woven polyester carrier with liquid maturation media which resulted in synchronized embryo formation.
Abstract: Embryonal-suspensor masses from immature embryos from cones of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) proliferated on a modified Murashige & Skoog medium with N6-benzyl-aminopurine, kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and an organic nitrogen source. The slimy white embryonal-suspensor masses with proembryos were maintained on a solid proliferation medium with reduced amounts of growth regulators. Transfer of embryonal-suspensor masses to a non-woven polyester carrier with liquid maturation media containing ±2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid and a reduced amount of inositol and organic nitrogen resulted in synchronized embryo formation. Further development was achieved on a medium without ±2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid and organic nitrogen. Somatic embryos were successfully transferred ex vitrum.
86 citations
TL;DR: Stem tissue is most readily induced to form somatic embryos by 2 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid plus 1.0 mg/ 1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine, whereas leaf tissue formed embryos best when treated with 0.5 mg/2 kinetin.
Abstract: Optimal media for induction of somatic embryogenesis from mature and immature tissues ofG. hirsutum L. cv Coker 312 were determined. Explants of three-day-old seedlings form somatic embryos in 100% of cultures when treated with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 0.5 mg/1 kinetin. Mature tissues are more recalcitrant than immature tissues and formed somatic embryos on a limited number of hormone treatments. Stem tissue is most readily induced to form somatic embryos by 2 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/1 kinetin, whereas leaf tissue formed embryos best when treated with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 1.0 mg/1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine, or 1.0 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.5 mg/1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors induced ginger with or without leaf primordia to form shoots on three-quarter strength Murashige-Skoog's (MS) medium containing sucrose 6%, coconut milk (CM) 20%, ascorbic acid (AA) 100 mg l−1, glutamine (GL) 400 mg l − 1, activated charcoal (AC) 250 mg l-1, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 0.5 mg l+1, indolebutyric acid (IBA) 0
Abstract: SummaryMeristems of ginger with or without leaf primordia were induced to form shoots on three-quarter strength Murashige-Skoog’s (MS) medium containing sucrose 6%, coconut milk (CM) 20%, ascorbic acid (AA) 100 mg l−1, glutamine (GL) 400 mg l−1, activated charcoal (AC) 250 mg l−1, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 0.5 mg l−1, indolebutyric acid (IBA) 0.4 mg l−1 and agar 0.8%. Meristem-derived shoots exhibited consistent multiplication on three-quarter strength MS medium containing sucrose (3%), AA (100 mg l−1), AC (100 mg l−1), BAP (4–5 mg l−1) and agar (0.8%). Liquid media (agitated or static) were less effective than a solid (agar-gelled) medium for micropropagation. Kinetin and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) incorporated at various levels (0.01–0.8 mg l−1) with or without added BAP and IBA neither improved plantlet formation nor enhanced shoot multiplication. The in vitro plants were successfully established in vivo and the rhizome yield was comparable with that of plants grown by conventional methods.
68 citations
TL;DR: Conditions were established for efficient plant regeneration from cotyledon explant calli in different cultivars of Brassica juncea, B. campestris and B. carinata on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins, but regeneration frequency varied with genotype and the different growth hormone combinations in media.
Abstract: Conditions were established for efficient plant regeneration from cotyledon explant calli in different cultivars ofBrassica juncea, B. campestris andB. carinata on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins. Regeneration frequency, however, varied with genotype and the different growth hormone combinations in media. Almost in all species, MS medium with zeatin (1.0 mg 1-1) and IAA (0.1 mg l-1) was found to be best for shoot organogenesis followed by the ones containing high kinetin (2.0 mg l-1) and low IAA (0.02 or 0.2 mg l-1) concentrations. On these media, the cotyledonary explants invariably underwent callusing followed by multiple shoot formation, which could be separated and subcultured for further propagation. Number of shoots per cotyledon explant cultured varied from 0 to as many as 50. InB. juncea andB. campestris, the regeneration frequency declined sharply in the absence of auxin in medium. BAP in combination with NAA yielded no or a reduced number of shoots. Shoot organogenesis also declined with the reduction in photoperiod from continuous light to 16 hours. Shoots were easily rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium and whole plants were transferred to pots in the greenhouse and grown to maturity.
62 citations
TL;DR: The importance of in vitro tuberization of yam as a means of international germplasm distribution or exchange as well as for the propagation of planting material is discussed in this article.
Abstract: Nodal cuttings of white yam were induced to produce microtubers on a MS-revised medium supplemented with various concentrations of sucrose, 20 mgl−1 L-cysteine, 0.5 mgl−1 kinetin and 0.7% agar. The frequency of tuberization was affected by the daylength, which is optimal at 12 and 16 h of light depending on the sucrose concentration. The microtubers were planted in a seed bed and grown to maturity. The importance of in vitro tuberization of yam as a means of international germplasm distribution or exchange as well as for the propagation of planting material is discussed.
61 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that only large pollen grains, 50–58 μm in diameter with thin, light pink colored cell walls seemed to develop into pollen embryos, which increased rapidly during the first 10 days of culture in the four media tested.
60 citations
TL;DR: Germination of somatic embryos and their further development into plantlets was achieved by short-term culture of the embryos on Murashige and Skoog's liquid medium supplemented with glutamine, IAA or IBA, and GA3, and addition of cytokinins to the culture medium inhibited plantlet formation.
58 citations
TL;DR: A procedure has been developed for the clonal propagation of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth through shoot tip culture and addition of indole-3-acetic acid to the kinetin containing medium showed marked improvement in the growth of regenerated shoots.
Abstract: A procedure has been developed for the clonal propagation of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. through shoot tip culture. Murashige and Skoog's medium (1962) supplemented with kinetin (3.0 to 5.0 mg/l) supported rapid proliferation of multiple shoots from the explants. Addition of indole-3-acetic acid (1.0 mg/l) to the kinetin containing medium showed marked improvement in the growth of regenerated shoots. However, presence of IAA in the medium did not alter the frequency of shoot multiplication. Rooting was readily achieved upon transferring shoots onto MS medium containing ∝-naphthaleneacetic acid (1.0 mg/l). Plantlets were successfully transferred to soil.
55 citations
TL;DR: Callus tissues derived from seedlings of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) were shown to produce two cyanidin glycosides as major anthocyanin pigments as well as remarkably stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Abstract: Callus tissues derived from seedlings of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) were shown to produce two cyanidin glycosides as major anthocyanin pigments. Both callus growth and anthocyanin synthesis were remarkably stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The highest anthocyanin yield was observed when 1 μM 2,4-D in combination with 0.1–1 μM kinetin was supplemented to the culture medium. In contrast, gibberellic acid showed inhibitory effect on anthocyanin production.
TL;DR: A correlation between auxin resistance and the lack of MABP and RSP suggests that MABp might be involved in auxin-mediated root differentiation in tobacco.
Abstract: The levels of a membrane-bound auxin binding protein (MABP) and a root-specific peroxidase (RSP) were studied in several tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cell lines including an auxin-resistant variant. Groups of cell lines were distinguished which behaved differentially with respect to MABP and RSP depending on the hormonal composition of the medium. In cell lines in which there existed a correlation between the presence or absence of MABP and that of RSP both phenotypes were expressed if kinetin (1-2 micromolar) was supplied. In contrast, neither MABP nor RSP could be detected under any hormonal conditions tested in the auxin-resistant variant which retains the ability to differentiate shoots but lacks the ability to differentiate roots. About an eightfold increase in the concentration of MABP and a dramatic increase in the activity of RSP occurred in a transformant by a mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens lacking an intact cytokinin gene when it was grown on medium containing 1 to 2 micromolar kinetin. A correlation between auxin resistance and the lack of MABP and RSP suggests that MABP might be involved in auxin-mediated root differentiation in tobacco.
TL;DR: Shoot tip cultures from 2- to 3-d-old seedlings of sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv.
Abstract: Shoot tip cultures from 2- to 3-d-old seedlings ofSorghum bicolor (L) Moench cv IS3620C develop highly embryogenic callus from which plants can be regenerated when transferred to plant growth regulator-free medium Isolated shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 25 mg/liter 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid and 005 mg/liter kinetin Purple pigmentation characteristic of sorghum cultures on growth regulator-free medium is virtually eliminated with the shoot tip culture Embryogenic callus is white and hard with an undulating appearance but can be separated into multiple bipolar structures by application of gentle pressure The well-developed embryos have a cup-shaped scutellum These germinate like zygotic embryos and develop root-shoot axis Lack of vascular connections to the parent tissue and the synchronous development of the plumule and radicle suggest that these embryos may be of unicellular origin In contrast, when the entire seedling serves as the explant, all meristematic centers in the shoot, including the coleoptile sheath close to the apical meristem respond to plant growth regulators in the medium by callus formation Upon subsequent reculture onto growth regulator-free medium several modes of development occur The differential response of these tissues to identical culture conditions indicate the presence of different population of cells that respond differently to exogenous plant growth regulators
TL;DR: Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M.
Abstract: Successful vegetative propagation of seedling jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) has been achieved by in vitro methods. Proliferation from nodal explants was greater than from shoot tips. Of the cytokinins tested, benzylaminopurine (BAP) was more effective than either 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (Kin) and produced maximum proliferation when used at 5×10-6M. Shoot proliferation was optimal at 30°C with a 12 h photoperiod. Optimal rooting of shoots in vitro was obtained with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 10-6M. The number and length of roots was significantly increased in 12 h light as compared with the dark.
TL;DR: Callus induction starting from the rhizome tissue of plants of three CUR CUMA species: CURCUMA ZEDOARIA Roscoe, C. DOMESTICA Valeton, and C. AROMATICA Salisbury (Zingiberaceae) was performed.
Abstract: Callus induction starting from the rhizome tissue of plants of three CURCUMA species: CURCUMA ZEDOARIA Roscoe, C. DOMESTICA Valeton, and C. AROMATICA Salisbury (Zingiberaceae) was performed. Successful callus formation was obtained in all three species using Murashige-Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) (1 ppm) and kinetin (0.1 ppm). Plantlet formation of C. ZEDOARIA from stem tips was successfully conducted on MS medium containing NAA (0-1 ppm) or 6-benzyladenine (BA)(0-3 ppm) at 26 degrees C under the condition of 12 h photoperiod. Production of essential oil in tissue-cultured plants of C. ZEDOARIA were examined using gas chromatography and the same gas chromatogram patterns of essential oil as in the mother plants were detected.
TL;DR: Embryogenic callus was induced from leaflets of new vegetative flushes of mature longan (Euphoria longan Stend.) trees using auxin and cytokinin in the growth medium and somatic embryos developed to maturity on B5 medium.
TL;DR: Multiple shoot formation from the medicinal plant Plumbago rosea Linn was induced on callus from stem segments on Murashige & Skoog media containing auxin and cytokinin and 60% survived.
Abstract: Multiple shoot formation from the medicinal plant Plumbago rosea Linn. was induced on callus from stem segments on Murashige & Skoog media containing auxin and cytokinin. 2,4-D (2.5 mg l-1) and kinetin (1.5 mg l-1) added to the media gave best callus production, while BAP (2 mg l-1) plus NAA (1.0 mg l-1) induced shoot formation from that callus. Numerous shoots with roots could be produced by transferring shoots to media containing IBA (1.5 mg l-1). Regenerated plantlets were transferred to pots and 60% survived.
TL;DR: Mechanically isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L. cv Envy differentiate to tracheary elements when cultured in inductive medium containing0.5 micromolar alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5micromolar benzyladenine, and potentiates the early differentiation of some cells.
Abstract: Mechanically isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L. cv Envy differentiate to tracheary elements when cultured in inductive medium containing 0.5 micromolar alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 micromolar benzyladenine. The cells do not differentiate when cultured in medium in which the concentration of auxin and/or cytokinin has been reduced to 0.005 micromolar. Cells require an initial 24-hour exposure to inductive cytokinin and 56-hour exposure to inductive auxin for differentiation at 72 hours of culture. Freshly isolated Zinnia cells can be maintained in medium having low concentrations of both auxin and cytokinin for only 1 day without significant loss of potential to differentiate upon transfer to inductive medium. Initial culture for up to 2 days in medium having high auxin and low cytokinin, or low auxin and high cytokinin, allows full differentiation on the third day after transfer to inductive medium and potentiates the early differentiation of some cells.
TL;DR: Callus and adventitious roots were induced on leaf segments from shoot culture of Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, indole-3-acetic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acids and kinetin and the contents of emetic alkaloids in calli, roots and root suspension cultures were quantified by HPLC.
Abstract: Callus and adventitious roots were induced on leaf segments from shoot culture of Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and kinetin. The contents of emetic alkaloids in calli, roots and root suspension cultures were quantified by HPLC. Roots cultured in solid and liquid Murashige-Skoog media yielded emetine and cephaeline. The amount of the two alkaloids in the root suspension culture was very similar to that of roots from ipecac mother plant grown in a greenhouse. In contrast, calli subcultured on Murashige-Skoog media containing combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin produced only trace amounts of emetic alkaloids.
TL;DR: Of the various combinations tested, culture medium adapted from Murashige and Skoog mineral solution complemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was established as the optimal for somatic embryo production.
Abstract: Compact calli with a potential for somatic embryogenesis were obtained from complete or split mature zygotic embryos or from cotyledons and hypocotyls of in vitro grown seedlings of Sequoia sempervirens. Somatic embryos which showed a typical bipolar structure, were formed together with adventitious buds. When placed on filter paper supports they developed into complete plantlets. Of the various combinations tested, culture medium adapted from Murashige and Skoog mineral solution complemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (2 μM), kinetin (2 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.5 μM) was established as the optimal for somatic embryo production.
TL;DR: Embryos from young seeds of three Citrus species, ‘Washington’ navel orange, yuko and ponkan, were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.16 M sucrose, 0.5 g l−1 malt extract and 50 μM kinetin and maintained an embryogenic capacity after sub-culture for about 2 years.
TL;DR: Undifferentiated callus tissues were induced from flowering shoots of Colchicum autumnale by treatment with 2 4-D and the identity of colchicine formed by callus was confirmed by UV and mass spectrometry analyses.
TL;DR: Differential morphogenic responses were mainly observed in shoot-bud differentiation efficiency, and best caulogenic response was obtained in IAA or NAA/BA combinations that included 1 or 2 mg l −1 , BA.
TL;DR: Axillary shoot induction and plant regeneration were obtained in Plantago ovata and the regenerated plants were similar to the control plants in karyotypic and phenotypic details.
Abstract: Axillary shoot induction and plant regeneration were obtained in Plantago ovata. The optimum medium for inducing axillary shoots was Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium [5] supplemented with 4.6 μM kinetin and 0.05 μM NAA. Rooting of shoots was best on half-strength MS medium containing 5.0 μM IBA and 0.05 μM kinetin. The regenerated plants were similar to the control plants in karyotypic and phenotypic details.
TL;DR: Stem node callus exhibited the highest number of shoots with the maximum rooting rate and both micropropagated and regenerated plants were easily acclimatized to outdoor conditions.
TL;DR: Red clover cvs ‘Altaswede’ and ‘Norseman’ have been used to investigate tissue culture initiation, plant regeneration and the occurrence of somaclonal variation, which detected variations in the chromosome number of some regenerants as well as in leaflet length-to-width ratio and leaflet number.
TL;DR: Mechanically isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L. cv Envy differentiate to tracheary elements when cultured in inductive medium containing sufficient auxin and cytokinin.
TL;DR: Plantlets obtained by organogenesis from cultured anthers of Populusdeltoides (Bartr) were found to be haploid and two plants developed male terminal inflorescences, but died shortly thereafter.
Abstract: Plantlets were obtained by organogenesis from cultured anthers of Populusdeltoides (Bartr.). Anthers formed callus in the dark on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4.7 μM kinetin. Anther calli were differentiated into shoots by sequential transfer in the light onto Murashige and Skoog medium containing 4.4 μM benzylamino purine and 1.1 μM naphthaleneacetic acid for 4 weeks, followed by several transfers to woody plant medium with 2.2 μM benzylamino purine and 1.1 μM naphthaleneacetic acid. The shoots that formed were rooted by excising and transferring to woody plant medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A few of these plants were found to be haploid. Two plants developed male terminal inflorescences, but died shortly thereafter.
01 Jun 1988
TL;DR: Terminal and lateral tips from fleshy rhizomes of Alstroemeria hybrids were isolated in vitro and induced to form a new rhizome to be rooted and developed into normal flowering plants.
Abstract: Terminal and lateral tips from fleshy rhizomes of Alstroemeria hybrids were isolated in vitro and induced to form a new rhizome. The cultivar Toledo was used in most experiments, but later other cultivars were also tested. The basic culture medium for rhizome isolation and for rhizome multiplication was: Murashige and Skoog (MS) macro- and micro-salts at full strength (except Fe), NaFeEDTA 25 mg/l, saccharose 3°BA 2–4 mg/l vitamin B1 0.4 mg/l, and Difco Bacto-agar 0.7 EThe basic culture medium for rooting was slightly different: saccharose 5°BA was omitted and 0.5 mg/l NAA was added. Rhizome cultures were placed at 21°C and 8 h fluorescent light/16 h darkness. Rooting was carried out at 21°C and 16 h fluorescent light/8 h darkness. Rhizome multiplication required a cytokinin in the medium; BA and PBA were most effective, whereas kinetin, 2iP, and zeatin were not very effective. BA at 2–4 mg/l partially suppressed erect shoot growth and stimulated rhizome branching. Addition of auxin had no effect on rhizome multiplication. Relative small rhizome explants (with one bud) had a higher multiplication rate than large ones. Optimal rhizome multiplication required 3 week cycles of subculturing; cycles of 4, 5 and 6 weeks being less productive. The multiplication rate was increased by growing the rhizomes in liquid media; however, this resulted in vitrification. Excised rhizome explants can be rooted by subculturing rhizome explants on cytokinin-free media containing auxin. Generally NAA (optimum 0.5 mg/l) induced better rooting than IBA. In vitro rooted plants were successfully transferred to the greenhouse and developed into normal flowering plants.
Journal Article•