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Laser ablation
About: Laser ablation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19948 publications have been published within this topic receiving 353475 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the levels of precision and accuracy obtainable by laser ablation Hf-isotope analysis of zircons in real-world situations using a 193-nm ArF excimer laser coupled to a Nu Plasma MC-ICPMS.
824 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new field of direct femtosecond laser surface nano/microstructuring and its applications is reviewed, where the authors present a review of the current state-of-the-art in this field.
Abstract: This paper reviews a new field of direct femtosecond laser surface nano/microstructuring and its applications. Over the past few years, direct femtosecond laser surface processing has distinguished itself from other conventional laser ablation methods and become one of the best ways to create surface structures at nano- and micro-scales on metals and semiconductors due to its flexibility, simplicity, and controllability in creating various types of nano/microstructures that are suitable for a wide range of applications. Significant advancements were made recently in applying this technique to altering optical properties of metals and semiconductors. As a result, highly absorptive metals and semiconductors were created, dubbed as the “black metals” and “black silicon”. Furthermore, various colors other than black have been created through structural coloring on metals. Direct femtosecond laser processing is also capable of producing novel materials with wetting properties ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. In the extreme case, superwicking materials were created that can make liquids run vertically uphill against the gravity over an extended surface area. Though impressive scientific achievements have been made so far, direct femtosecond laser processing is still a young research field and many exciting findings are expected to emerge on its horizon.
822 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optical breakdown threshold and ablation depth in dielectrics with different band gaps for laser pulse durations ranging from 5 ps to 5 fs at a carrier wavelength of 780 nm.
Abstract: We report measurements of the optical breakdown threshold and ablation depth in dielectrics with different band gaps for laser pulse durations ranging from 5 ps to 5 fs at a carrier wavelength of 780 nm. For t, 100 fs, the dominant channel for free electron generation is found to be either impact or multiphoton ionization (MPI) depending on the size of the band gap. The observed MPI rates are substantially lower than those predicted by the Keldysh theory. We demonstrate that sub-10-fs laser pulses open up the way to reversible nonperturbative nonlinear optics (at intensities greater than 10 14 Wycm 2 slightly below damage threshold) and to nanometer-precision laser ablation (slightly above threshold) in dielectric materials. [S0031-9007(98)05969-9]
805 citations
TL;DR: Laser ablation/irradiation in liquid (LAL) is a simple and “green” technique that normally operates in water or organic liquids under ambient conditions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Laser ablation of solid targets in the liquid medium can be realized to fabricate nanostructures with various compositions (metals, alloys, oxides, carbides, hydroxides, etc.) and morphologies (nanoparticles, nanocubes, nanorods, nanocomposites, etc.). At the same time, the post laser irradiation of suspended nanomaterials can be applied to further modify their size, shape, and composition. Such fabrication and modification of nanomaterials in liquid based on laser irradiation has become a rapidly growing field. Compared to other, typically chemical, methods, laser ablation/irradiation in liquid (LAL) is a simple and “green” technique that normally operates in water or organic liquids under ambient conditions. Recently, the LAL has been elaborately developed to prepare a series of nanomaterials with special morphologies, microstructures and phases, and to achieve one-step formation of various functionalized nanostructures in the pursuit of novel properties and applications in optics, display, detection, and biological fields. The formation mechanisms and synthetic strategies based on LAL are systematically analyzed and the reported nanostructures derived from the unique characteristics of LAL are highlighted along with a review of their applications and future challenges.
802 citations
TL;DR: Duan and Lieber as mentioned in this paper reported the bulk synthesis of single crystalline GaN-nanowires by laser ablation of a composite target of GaN and acatalytic metal, which generated liquid nanoclusters that serve as reactivesites confining and directing the growth of crystalline nanowires.
Abstract: Xiangfeng Duan and Charles M. Lieber*Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarVard UniVersity, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138ReceiVed October 18, 1999Herein we report the bulk synthesis of single crystalline GaNnanowires. Laser ablation of a composite target of GaN and acatalytic metal generates liquid nanoclusters that serve as reactivesites confining and directing the growth of crystalline nanowires.Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showsthat the product primarily consists of wire-like structures. PowderX-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses of a bulk nanowire samplecan be indexed to the GaN wurtzite structure, and indicate >95%phase purity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), conver-gent beam electron diffraction (CBED), and energy-dispersiveX-ray fluorescence (EDX) analyses of individual nanowires showthat they are GaN single crystals with a [100] growth direction.Nanostructured GaN materials have attracted extensive interestover the past decade due to their significant potential foroptoelectronics.
781 citations