Topic
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
About: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5430 publications have been published within this topic receiving 113618 citations. The topic is also known as: LIBS.
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TL;DR: In this article, double and multiple Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulses are used to vaporize material from solid steel samples and to induce a plasma, and the material ablation of different pulse bursts, emission intensities of iron lines and electron temperatures and densities are determined.
Abstract: Single, double and multiple Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulses are used to vaporize material from solid steel samples and to induce a plasma. The material ablation of different pulse bursts, emission intensities of iron lines and electron temperatures and densities are determined. Material ablation is found to increase with multiple pulses compared to single pulses of fixed total energy as well as electron temperatures and densities. Line intensities can be increased by a factor of about two using double pulses. Quantitative microchemical analysis of low-alloy steel is performed with single and double pulses. The analytical performance is improved by the double-pulse technique.
308 citations
TL;DR: This review discusses the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of explosive residue detection and demonstrates the tremendous potential of LIBS for real-time detection of explosives residues at standoff distances.
Abstract: In this review we discuss the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of detection of residues of explosives. Research in this area presented in open literature is reviewed. Both laboratory and field-tested standoff LIBS instruments have been used to detect explosive materials. Recent advances in instrumentation and data analysis techniques are discussed, including the use of double-pulse LIBS to reduce air entrainment in the analytical plasma and the application of advanced chemometric techniques such as partial least-squares discriminant analysis to discriminate between residues of explosives and non-explosives on various surfaces. A number of challenges associated with detection of explosives residues using LIBS have been identified, along with their possible solutions. Several groups have investigated methods for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of LIBS for detection of explosives, including the use of femtosecond-pulse lasers, supplemental enhancement of the laser-induced plasma emission, and complementary orthogonal techniques. Despite the associated challenges, researchers have demonstrated the tremendous potential of LIBS for real-time detection of explosives residues at standoff distances.
290 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Principal Component Analysis and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy are employed to generate a model and predict the rock type of the samples, which appear to exploit the matrix effects associated with the chemistries of these 18 samples.
282 citations