Topic
Laser linewidth
About: Laser linewidth is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19889 publications have been published within this topic receiving 343799 citations.
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31 Jul 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the spectral properties of Fabry-Perot-type laser diodes with respect to light current, threshold current, and quantum efficiency, as well as the effect of nonlinear gain on spectral properties.
Abstract: 1 Introduction.- 2 Basic Laser Characteristics.- 2.1 Double heterostructure characteristics.- 2.2 Direct and indirect semiconductors.- 2.2.1 Energy- and momentum conservation.- 2.2.2 Semiconductor materials for direct and indirect semiconductors.- 2.3 Emission and absorption.- 2.3.1 Density of photon oscillation states.- 2.3.2 Principal mechanisms of radiative transitions.- 2.3.3 Carrier lifetime and lifetime of spontaneous emission.- 2.3.4 Gain and stimulated emission.- 2.4 Lasing characteristics of Fabry-Perot-type lasers.- 2.4.1 Lasing conditions.- 2.4.2 Dynamic characteristics of laser operation.- 2.4.3 Light current characteristics, threshold current and quantum efficiency.- 2.4.4 Basic laser structures.- 2.4.5 Modifications for the spontaneous emission term.- 2.5 Dynamic single-mode laser structures.- 2.5.1 DFB laser characteristics.- References.- 3 Longitudinal Mode Spectrum of Lasing Emission.- 3.1 Multimode rate equations.- 3.2 Spectral envelope for Fabry-1 Introduction.- 2 Basic Laser Characteristics.- 2.1 Double heterostructure characteristics.- 2.2 Direct and indirect semiconductors.- 2.2.1 Energy- and momentum conservation.- 2.2.2 Semiconductor materials for direct and indirect semiconductors.- 2.3 Emission and absorption.- 2.3.1 Density of photon oscillation states.- 2.3.2 Principal mechanisms of radiative transitions.- 2.3.3 Carrier lifetime and lifetime of spontaneous emission.- 2.3.4 Gain and stimulated emission.- 2.4 Lasing characteristics of Fabry-Perot-type lasers.- 2.4.1 Lasing conditions.- 2.4.2 Dynamic characteristics of laser operation.- 2.4.3 Light current characteristics, threshold current and quantum efficiency.- 2.4.4 Basic laser structures.- 2.4.5 Modifications for the spontaneous emission term.- 2.5 Dynamic single-mode laser structures.- 2.5.1 DFB laser characteristics.- References.- 3 Longitudinal Mode Spectrum of Lasing Emission.- 3.1 Multimode rate equations.- 3.2 Spectral envelope for Fabry-Perot-type lasers (linear gain).- 3.3 Influence of nonlinear gain on the spectral characteristics.- 3.3.1 Symmetric nonlinear gain.- 3.3.2 Asymmetric nonlinear gain.- 3.3.3 Nonlinear gain, conclusions.- References.- 4 Intensity-Modulation Characteristics of Laser Diodes.- 4.1 Modulation characteristics by studying single-mode rate equations.- 4.1.1 Turn-on delay.- 4.1.2 Rate equations, small signal analysis.- 4.1.3 Relaxation oscillation damping.- 4.1.4 Upper limits for the modulation bandwidth of laser diodes.- 4.2 Influence of lateral carrier diffusion on relaxation oscillation damping.- 4.3 Modulation bandwidth limits due to parasitic elements.- 4.4 Examples for high speed modulation of laser diodes.- 4.5 Modulation and longitudinal mode spectrum.- 4.5.1 Transient spectra of laser diodes.- 4.5.2 Lasing spectra under high speed modulation.- 4.5.3 Dynamic single-mode condition.- 4.6 Modulation with binary signals.- 4.7 Harmonic and intermodulation distortions (without fibre interaction).- 4.7.1 Harmonic and intermodulation distortions for low modulation frequencies.- 4.7.2 Harmonic and intermodulation distortions for high modulation frequencies.- References.- 5 Frequency-Modulation Characteristics of Laser Diodes.- 5.1 Relation between intensity-modulation and frequency modulation.- 5.2 Current/frequency-modulation characteristics.- 5.3 Chirp effects in directly modulated laser diodes.- 5.3.1 Spectral line broadening due to laser chirping.- 5.3.2 Chirp-reduction by proper pulse shaping.- 5.3.3 Time-bandwidth product of chirped pulses.- 5.3.4 Transmission of chirped pulses over single-mode fibres.- 5.4 Possibilities of modifying the chirp parameter ?.- 5.4.1 Dispersion of the chirp parameter ?.- 5.4.2 Chirp of laser diodes, coupled to optical cavities.- References.- 6 Instabilities and Bistability in Laser Diodes.- 6.1 Repetitive self-pulsations due to lateral instabilities.- 6.2 Instability and bistability in laser diodes with segmented contacts.- References.- 7 Noise Characteristics of Solitary Laser Diodes.- 7.1 Relative intensity noise (RIN).- 7.1.1 Basic properties of noise signals.- 7.1.2 Definition and measurement of RIN.- 7.1.3 Requirement of RIN for intensity modulated systems.- 7.2 Introduction of the spontaneous emission noise.- 7.3 Intensity noise of laser diodes.- 7.3.1 Intensity noise of laser diodes by studying single-mode rate equations.- 7.3.2 Mode partition noise.- 7.3.3 Mode partition noise analysis for nearly single-mode lasers.- 7.3.4 Mode-hopping noise.- 7.3.5 1/f-intensity noise.- 7.4 Statistics of intensity noise.- 7.4.1 Statistics of amplified spontaneous emission.- 7.4.2 Probability density distribution for the total laser light output.- 7.4.3 Statistics of mode partition noise.- 7.4.4 Turn-on jitter in laser diodes.- 7.5 Mode partition noise for the transmission of pulse-code modulated (PCM)-signals.- 7.5.1 Multimode lasers.- 7.5.2 The mode partition coefficient k.- 7.5.3 Nearly single-mode lasers.- 7.6 Phase and frequency noise.- 7.6.1 Phase and frequency noise characterization in general.- 7.6.2 Spectral line shape for white frequency noise.- 7.6.3 Spectral line shape for 1/f-frequency noise.- 7.6.4 Frequency noise and spectral linewidth for single-mode laser diodes.- 7.6.5 Power-independent contribution to the linewidth of laser diodes.- 7.6.6 Correlation between FM-noise and AM-noise.- References.- 8 Noise in Interferometers Including Modal Noise and Distortions.- 8.1 Noise in interferometers.- 8.1.1 Complex degree of coherence.- 8.1.2 Interferometric noise analysis for single-mode lasers.- 8.1.3 Interferometric set-ups for measuring the linewidth and the degree of coherence.- 8.1.4 Interferometric noise analysis for multimode lasers.- 8.2 Modal noise.- 8.2.1 Modal noise for monochromatic light sources.- 8.2.2 Modal noise for single-mode lasers with finite spectral linewidth.- 8.2.3 Modal noise for multimode laser diodes.- 8.2.4 Modal distortions.- 8.3 Modal noise and distortions in single-mode fibres.- References.- 9 Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback.- 9.1 Amplitude and phase conditions for laser diodes with external cavities.- 9.1.1 Short external reflectors for longitudinal mode stabilization.- 9.1.2 Emission frequency shifts due to optical feedback.- 9.1.3 Single external cavity mode condition.- 9.1.4 Spectral linewidth for laser diodes with external optical feedback.- 9.2 Dynamics of laser diodes with external reflections.- 9.2.1 Derivation of the time-dependent electric field.- 9.2.2 Modulation characteristics of external-cavity lasers.- 9.3 Laser diodes with distant reflections.- 9.3.1 Classification of feedback regimes.- 9.3.2 Phase and frequency noise of laser diodes with distant reflectors.- 9.3.3 Intensity noise in laser diodes with distant reflectors.- 9.3.4 Coherence collapse.- 9.3.5 Tolerable feedback levels.- References.- 10 Laser Diodes with Negative Electronic Feedback.- 10.1 Modulation characteristics of laser diodes with negative electronic feedback.- 10.2 Linewidth narrowing and phase noise reduction with negative electronic feedback.- References.- 11 Circuitry for Driving the Laser Diode.- 11.1 Schemes for stabilizing the bias current.- 11.2 Laser drivers with optoelectronic integration.- References.
1,013 citations
TL;DR: It is found that reaching the quantum limit of arbitrarily small phonon numbers requires going into the good-cavity (resolved phonon sideband) regime where the cavity linewidth is much smaller than the mechanical frequency and the corresponding cavity detuning.
Abstract: We present a quantum-mechanical theory of the cooling of a cantilever coupled via radiation pressure to an illuminated optical cavity. Applying the quantum noise approach to the fluctuations of the radiation pressure force, we derive the optomechanical cooling rate and the minimum achievable phonon number. We find that reaching the quantum limit of arbitrarily small phonon numbers requires going into the good-cavity (resolved phonon sideband) regime where the cavity linewidth is much smaller than the mechanical frequency and the corresponding cavity detuning. This is in contrast to the common assumption that the mechanical frequency and the cavity detuning should be comparable to the cavity damping.
1,006 citations
TL;DR: A quantum theory of cooling of a mechanical oscillator by radiation pressure-induced dynamical backaction is developed, which is analogous to sideband cooling of trapped ions, and it is shown that the final average occupancy can be retrieved directly from the optical output spectrum.
Abstract: A quantum theory of cooling of a mechanical oscillator by radiation pressure-induced dynamical backaction is developed, which is analogous to sideband cooling of trapped ions. We find that final occupancies well below unity can be attained when the mechanical oscillation frequency is larger than the optical cavity linewidth. It is shown that the final average occupancy can be retrieved directly from the optical output spectrum.
851 citations
TL;DR: The fundamental relationship between radiative lifetime and spectral linewidth of freeexcitons is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally for quasi 2D excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells.
Abstract: The fundamental relationship between radiative lifetime and spectral linewidth of free excitons is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally for quasi 2D excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells.
820 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general analytic approach to the theory of microwave generation in magnetic nano-structures driven by spin-polarized current was proposed. But the proposed approach is based on the universal model of an auto-oscillator with negative damping and nonlinear frequency shift.
Abstract: This paper formulates a general analytic approach to the theory of microwave generation in magnetic nano-structures driven by spin-polarized current and reviews analytic results obtained in this theory. The proposed approach is based on the universal model of an auto-oscillator with negative damping and nonlinear frequency shift. It is demonstrated that this universal model, when applied to the case of a spin-torque oscillator (STO) based on a current-driven magnetic nano-pillar or nano-contact, gives adequate description of most of the experimentally observed properties of STO. In particular, the model describes the power and frequency of the generated microwave signal as functions of the bias current and magnetic field, predicts the magnitude and properties of the generation linewidth, and explains the STO behavior under the influence of periodic and stochastic external signals: frequency modulation, phase-locking to external signals, mutual phase-locking in an array of STO, broadening of the generation linewidth near the generation threshold, etc. The proposed nonlinear auto-oscillator theory is rather general and can be used not only for the development of practical nano-sized STO, but, also, for the description of nonlinear auto-oscillating systems of any physical nature.
713 citations